iris/http.go

package iris

import (
	"bytes"
	"crypto/tls"
	"log"
	"net"
	"net/http"
	"os"
	"sort"
	"strconv"
	"strings"
	"sync"
	"time"

	"github.com/iris-contrib/letsencrypt"
	"github.com/kataras/go-errors"
	"github.com/kataras/iris/utils"
	"github.com/valyala/fasthttp"
	"github.com/valyala/fasthttp/fasthttpadaptor"
)

const (
	// MethodGet "GET"
	MethodGet = "GET"
	// MethodPost "POST"
	MethodPost = "POST"
	// MethodPut "PUT"
	MethodPut = "PUT"
	// MethodDelete "DELETE"
	MethodDelete = "DELETE"
	// MethodConnect "CONNECT"
	MethodConnect = "CONNECT"
	// MethodHead "HEAD"
	MethodHead = "HEAD"
	// MethodPatch "PATCH"
	MethodPatch = "PATCH"
	// MethodOptions "OPTIONS"
	MethodOptions = "OPTIONS"
	// MethodTrace "TRACE"
	MethodTrace = "TRACE"
)

var (
	// AllMethods "GET", "POST", "PUT", "DELETE", "CONNECT", "HEAD", "PATCH", "OPTIONS", "TRACE"
	AllMethods = [...]string{MethodGet, MethodPost, MethodPut, MethodDelete, MethodConnect, MethodHead, MethodPatch, MethodOptions, MethodTrace}

	/* methods as []byte, these are really used by iris */

	// MethodGetBytes "GET"
	MethodGetBytes = []byte(MethodGet)
	// MethodPostBytes "POST"
	MethodPostBytes = []byte(MethodPost)
	// MethodPutBytes "PUT"
	MethodPutBytes = []byte(MethodPut)
	// MethodDeleteBytes "DELETE"
	MethodDeleteBytes = []byte(MethodDelete)
	// MethodConnectBytes "CONNECT"
	MethodConnectBytes = []byte(MethodConnect)
	// MethodHeadBytes "HEAD"
	MethodHeadBytes = []byte(MethodHead)
	// MethodPatchBytes "PATCH"
	MethodPatchBytes = []byte(MethodPatch)
	// MethodOptionsBytes "OPTIONS"
	MethodOptionsBytes = []byte(MethodOptions)
	// MethodTraceBytes "TRACE"
	MethodTraceBytes = []byte(MethodTrace)
	/* */

)

const (
	// StatusContinue http status '100'
	StatusContinue = 100
	// StatusSwitchingProtocols http status '101'
	StatusSwitchingProtocols = 101

	// StatusOK http status '200'
	StatusOK = 200
	// StatusCreated http status '201'
	StatusCreated = 201
	// StatusAccepted http status '202'
	StatusAccepted = 202
	// StatusNonAuthoritativeInfo http status '203'
	StatusNonAuthoritativeInfo = 203
	// StatusNoContent http status '204'
	StatusNoContent = 204
	// StatusResetContent http status '205'
	StatusResetContent = 205
	// StatusPartialContent http status '206'
	StatusPartialContent = 206

	// StatusMultipleChoices http status '300'
	StatusMultipleChoices = 300
	// StatusMovedPermanently http status '301'
	StatusMovedPermanently = 301
	// StatusFound http status '302'
	StatusFound = 302
	// StatusSeeOther http status '303'
	StatusSeeOther = 303
	// StatusNotModified http status '304'
	StatusNotModified = 304
	// StatusUseProxy http status '305'
	StatusUseProxy = 305
	// StatusTemporaryRedirect http status '307'
	StatusTemporaryRedirect = 307

	// StatusBadRequest http status '400'
	StatusBadRequest = 400
	// StatusUnauthorized http status '401'
	StatusUnauthorized = 401
	// StatusPaymentRequired http status '402'
	StatusPaymentRequired = 402
	// StatusForbidden http status '403'
	StatusForbidden = 403
	// StatusNotFound http status '404'
	StatusNotFound = 404
	// StatusMethodNotAllowed http status '405'
	StatusMethodNotAllowed = 405
	// StatusNotAcceptable http status '406'
	StatusNotAcceptable = 406
	// StatusProxyAuthRequired http status '407'
	StatusProxyAuthRequired = 407
	// StatusRequestTimeout http status '408'
	StatusRequestTimeout = 408
	// StatusConflict http status '409'
	StatusConflict = 409
	// StatusGone http status '410'
	StatusGone = 410
	// StatusLengthRequired http status '411'
	StatusLengthRequired = 411
	// StatusPreconditionFailed http status '412'
	StatusPreconditionFailed = 412
	// StatusRequestEntityTooLarge http status '413'
	StatusRequestEntityTooLarge = 413
	// StatusRequestURITooLong http status '414'
	StatusRequestURITooLong = 414
	// StatusUnsupportedMediaType http status '415'
	StatusUnsupportedMediaType = 415
	// StatusRequestedRangeNotSatisfiable http status '416'
	StatusRequestedRangeNotSatisfiable = 416
	// StatusExpectationFailed http status '417'
	StatusExpectationFailed = 417
	// StatusTeapot http status '418'
	StatusTeapot = 418
	// StatusPreconditionRequired http status '428'
	StatusPreconditionRequired = 428
	// StatusTooManyRequests http status '429'
	StatusTooManyRequests = 429
	// StatusRequestHeaderFieldsTooLarge http status '431'
	StatusRequestHeaderFieldsTooLarge = 431
	// StatusUnavailableForLegalReasons http status '451'
	StatusUnavailableForLegalReasons = 451

	// StatusInternalServerError http status '500'
	StatusInternalServerError = 500
	// StatusNotImplemented http status '501'
	StatusNotImplemented = 501
	// StatusBadGateway http status '502'
	StatusBadGateway = 502
	// StatusServiceUnavailable http status '503'
	StatusServiceUnavailable = 503
	// StatusGatewayTimeout http status '504'
	StatusGatewayTimeout = 504
	// StatusHTTPVersionNotSupported http status '505'
	StatusHTTPVersionNotSupported = 505
	// StatusNetworkAuthenticationRequired http status '511'
	StatusNetworkAuthenticationRequired = 511
)

var statusText = map[int]string{
	StatusContinue:           "Continue",
	StatusSwitchingProtocols: "Switching Protocols",

	StatusOK:                   "OK",
	StatusCreated:              "Created",
	StatusAccepted:             "Accepted",
	StatusNonAuthoritativeInfo: "Non-Authoritative Information",
	StatusNoContent:            "No Content",
	StatusResetContent:         "Reset Content",
	StatusPartialContent:       "Partial Content",

	StatusMultipleChoices:   "Multiple Choices",
	StatusMovedPermanently:  "Moved Permanently",
	StatusFound:             "Found",
	StatusSeeOther:          "See Other",
	StatusNotModified:       "Not Modified",
	StatusUseProxy:          "Use Proxy",
	StatusTemporaryRedirect: "Temporary Redirect",

	StatusBadRequest:                   "Bad Request",
	StatusUnauthorized:                 "Unauthorized",
	StatusPaymentRequired:              "Payment Required",
	StatusForbidden:                    "Forbidden",
	StatusNotFound:                     "Not Found",
	StatusMethodNotAllowed:             "Method Not Allowed",
	StatusNotAcceptable:                "Not Acceptable",
	StatusProxyAuthRequired:            "Proxy Authentication Required",
	StatusRequestTimeout:               "Request Timeout",
	StatusConflict:                     "Conflict",
	StatusGone:                         "Gone",
	StatusLengthRequired:               "Length Required",
	StatusPreconditionFailed:           "Precondition Failed",
	StatusRequestEntityTooLarge:        "Request Entity Too Large",
	StatusRequestURITooLong:            "Request URI Too Long",
	StatusUnsupportedMediaType:         "Unsupported Media Type",
	StatusRequestedRangeNotSatisfiable: "Requested Range Not Satisfiable",
	StatusExpectationFailed:            "Expectation Failed",
	StatusTeapot:                       "I'm a teapot",
	StatusPreconditionRequired:         "Precondition Required",
	StatusTooManyRequests:              "Too Many Requests",
	StatusRequestHeaderFieldsTooLarge:  "Request Header Fields Too Large",
	StatusUnavailableForLegalReasons:   "Unavailable For Legal Reasons",

	StatusInternalServerError:           "Internal Server Error",
	StatusNotImplemented:                "Not Implemented",
	StatusBadGateway:                    "Bad Gateway",
	StatusServiceUnavailable:            "Service Unavailable",
	StatusGatewayTimeout:                "Gateway Timeout",
	StatusHTTPVersionNotSupported:       "HTTP Version Not Supported",
	StatusNetworkAuthenticationRequired: "Network Authentication Required",
}

// StatusText returns a text for the HTTP status code. It returns the empty
// string if the code is unknown.
func StatusText(code int) string {
	return statusText[code]
}

// errHandler returns na error with message: 'Passed argument is not func(*Context) neither an object which implements the iris.Handler with Serve(ctx *Context)
// It seems to be a  +type Points to: +pointer.'
var errHandler = errors.New("Passed argument is not func(*Context) neither an object which implements the iris.Handler with Serve(ctx *Context)\n It seems to be a  %T Points to: %v.")

type (
	// Handler the main Iris Handler interface.
	Handler interface {
		Serve(ctx *Context)
	}

	// HandlerFunc type is an adapter to allow the use of
	// ordinary functions as HTTP handlers.  If f is a function
	// with the appropriate signature, HandlerFunc(f) is a
	// Handler that calls f.
	HandlerFunc func(*Context)
	// Middleware is just a slice of Handler []func(c *Context)
	Middleware []Handler

	// HandlerAPI empty interface used for .API
	HandlerAPI interface{}
)

// Serve implements the Handler, is like ServeHTTP but for Iris
func (h HandlerFunc) Serve(ctx *Context) {
	h(ctx)
}

// ToHandler converts an http.Handler or http.HandlerFunc to an iris.Handler
func ToHandler(handler interface{}) Handler {
	//this is not the best way to do it, but I dont have any options right now.
	switch handler.(type) {
	case Handler:
		//it's already an iris handler
		return handler.(Handler)
	case http.Handler:
		//it's http.Handler
		h := fasthttpadaptor.NewFastHTTPHandlerFunc(handler.(http.Handler).ServeHTTP)

		return ToHandlerFastHTTP(h)
	case func(http.ResponseWriter, *http.Request):
		//it's http.HandlerFunc
		h := fasthttpadaptor.NewFastHTTPHandlerFunc(handler.(func(http.ResponseWriter, *http.Request)))
		return ToHandlerFastHTTP(h)
	default:
		panic(errHandler.Format(handler, handler))
	}
}

// ToHandlerFunc converts an http.Handler or http.HandlerFunc to an iris.HandlerFunc
func ToHandlerFunc(handler interface{}) HandlerFunc {
	return ToHandler(handler).Serve
}

// ToHandlerFastHTTP converts an fasthttp.RequestHandler to an iris.Handler
func ToHandlerFastHTTP(h fasthttp.RequestHandler) Handler {
	return HandlerFunc((func(ctx *Context) {
		h(ctx.RequestCtx)
	}))
}

// convertToHandlers just make []HandlerFunc to []Handler, although HandlerFunc and Handler are the same
// we need this on some cases we explicit want a interface Handler, it is useless for users.
func convertToHandlers(handlersFn []HandlerFunc) []Handler {
	hlen := len(handlersFn)
	mlist := make([]Handler, hlen)
	for i := 0; i < hlen; i++ {
		mlist[i] = Handler(handlersFn[i])
	}
	return mlist
}

// joinMiddleware uses to create a copy of all middleware and return them in order to use inside the node
func joinMiddleware(middleware1 Middleware, middleware2 Middleware) Middleware {
	nowLen := len(middleware1)
	totalLen := nowLen + len(middleware2)
	// create a new slice of middleware in order to store all handlers, the already handlers(middleware) and the new
	newMiddleware := make(Middleware, totalLen)
	//copy the already middleware to the just created
	copy(newMiddleware, middleware1)
	//start from there we finish, and store the new middleware too
	copy(newMiddleware[nowLen:], middleware2)
	return newMiddleware
}

const (
	// parameterStartByte is very used on the node, it's just contains the byte for the ':' rune/char
	parameterStartByte = byte(':')
	// slashByte is just a byte of '/' rune/char
	slashByte = byte('/')
	// slash is just a string of "/"
	slash = "/"
	// matchEverythingByte is just a byte of '*" rune/char
	matchEverythingByte = byte('*')

	isStatic entryCase = iota
	isRoot
	hasParams
	matchEverything
)

type (
	// PathParameter is a struct which contains Key and Value, used for named path parameters
	PathParameter struct {
		Key   string
		Value string
	}

	// PathParameters type for a slice of PathParameter
	// Tt's a slice of PathParameter type, because it's faster than map
	PathParameters []PathParameter

	// entryCase is the type which the type of muxEntryusing in order to determinate what type (parameterized, anything, static...) is the perticular node
	entryCase uint8

	// muxEntry is the node of a tree of the routes,
	// in order to learn how this is working, google 'trie' or watch this lecture: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uhAUk63tLRM
	// this method is used by the BSD's kernel also
	muxEntry struct {
		part        string
		entryCase   entryCase
		hasWildNode bool
		tokens      string
		nodes       []*muxEntry
		middleware  Middleware
		precedence  uint64
		paramsLen   uint8
	}
)

var (
	errMuxEntryConflictsWildcard           = errors.New("Router: Path's part: '%s' conflicts with wildcard '%s' in the route path: '%s' !")
	errMuxEntryMiddlewareAlreadyExists     = errors.New("Router: Middleware were already registered for the path: '%s' !")
	errMuxEntryInvalidWildcard             = errors.New("Router: More than one wildcard found in the path part: '%s' in route's path: '%s' !")
	errMuxEntryConflictsExistingWildcard   = errors.New("Router: Wildcard for route path: '%s' conflicts with existing children in route path: '%s' !")
	errMuxEntryWildcardUnnamed             = errors.New("Router: Unnamed wildcard found in path: '%s' !")
	errMuxEntryWildcardInvalidPlace        = errors.New("Router: Wildcard is only allowed at the end of the path, in the route path: '%s' !")
	errMuxEntryWildcardConflictsMiddleware = errors.New("Router: Wildcard  conflicts with existing middleware for the route path: '%s' !")
	errMuxEntryWildcardMissingSlash        = errors.New("Router: No slash(/) were found before wildcard in the route path: '%s' !")
)

// Get returns a value from a key inside this Parameters
// If no parameter with this key given then it returns an empty string
func (params PathParameters) Get(key string) string {
	for _, p := range params {
		if p.Key == key {
			return p.Value
		}
	}
	return ""
}

// String returns a string implementation of all parameters that this PathParameters object keeps
// hasthe form of key1=value1,key2=value2...
func (params PathParameters) String() string {
	var buff bytes.Buffer
	for i := range params {
		buff.WriteString(params[i].Key)
		buff.WriteString("=")
		buff.WriteString(params[i].Value)
		if i < len(params)-1 {
			buff.WriteString(",")
		}

	}
	return buff.String()
}

// ParseParams receives a string and returns PathParameters (slice of PathParameter)
// received string must have this form:  key1=value1,key2=value2...
func ParseParams(str string) PathParameters {
	_paramsstr := strings.Split(str, ",")
	if len(_paramsstr) == 0 {
		return nil
	}

	params := make(PathParameters, 0) // PathParameters{}

	//	for i := 0; i < len(_paramsstr); i++ {
	for i := range _paramsstr {
		idxOfEq := strings.IndexRune(_paramsstr[i], '=')
		if idxOfEq == -1 {
			//error
			return nil
		}

		key := _paramsstr[i][:idxOfEq]
		val := _paramsstr[i][idxOfEq+1:]
		params = append(params, PathParameter{key, val})
	}
	return params
}

// getParamsLen returns the parameters length from a given path
func getParamsLen(path string) uint8 {
	var n uint
	for i := 0; i < len(path); i++ {
		if path[i] != ':' && path[i] != '*' { // ParameterStartByte & MatchEverythingByte
			continue
		}
		n++
	}
	if n >= 255 {
		return 255
	}
	return uint8(n)
}

// add adds a muxEntry to the existing muxEntry or to the tree if no muxEntry has the prefix of
func (e *muxEntry) add(path string, middleware Middleware) error {
	fullPath := path
	e.precedence++
	numParams := getParamsLen(path)

	if len(e.part) > 0 || len(e.nodes) > 0 {
	loop:
		for {
			if numParams > e.paramsLen {
				e.paramsLen = numParams
			}

			i := 0
			max := utils.FindLower(len(path), len(e.part))
			for i < max && path[i] == e.part[i] {
				i++
			}

			if i < len(e.part) {
				node := muxEntry{
					part:        e.part[i:],
					hasWildNode: e.hasWildNode,
					tokens:      e.tokens,
					nodes:       e.nodes,
					middleware:  e.middleware,
					precedence:  e.precedence - 1,
				}

				for i := range node.nodes {
					if node.nodes[i].paramsLen > node.paramsLen {
						node.paramsLen = node.nodes[i].paramsLen
					}
				}

				e.nodes = []*muxEntry{&node}
				e.tokens = string([]byte{e.part[i]})
				e.part = path[:i]
				e.middleware = nil
				e.hasWildNode = false
			}

			if i < len(path) {
				path = path[i:]

				if e.hasWildNode {
					e = e.nodes[0]
					e.precedence++

					if numParams > e.paramsLen {
						e.paramsLen = numParams
					}
					numParams--

					if len(path) >= len(e.part) && e.part == path[:len(e.part)] {

						if len(e.part) >= len(path) || path[len(e.part)] == slashByte {
							continue loop
						}
					}
					return errMuxEntryConflictsWildcard.Format(path, e.part, fullPath)
				}

				c := path[0]

				if e.entryCase == hasParams && c == slashByte && len(e.nodes) == 1 {
					e = e.nodes[0]
					e.precedence++
					continue loop
				}
				for i := range e.tokens {
					if c == e.tokens[i] {
						i = e.precedenceTo(i)
						e = e.nodes[i]
						continue loop
					}
				}

				if c != parameterStartByte && c != matchEverythingByte {

					e.tokens += string([]byte{c})
					node := &muxEntry{
						paramsLen: numParams,
					}
					e.nodes = append(e.nodes, node)
					e.precedenceTo(len(e.tokens) - 1)
					e = node
				}
				e.addNode(numParams, path, fullPath, middleware)
				return nil

			} else if i == len(path) {
				if e.middleware != nil {
					return errMuxEntryMiddlewareAlreadyExists.Format(fullPath)
				}
				e.middleware = middleware
			}
			return nil
		}
	} else {
		e.addNode(numParams, path, fullPath, middleware)
		e.entryCase = isRoot
	}
	return nil
}

// addNode adds a muxEntry as children to other muxEntry
func (e *muxEntry) addNode(numParams uint8, path string, fullPath string, middleware Middleware) error {
	var offset int

	for i, max := 0, len(path); numParams > 0; i++ {
		c := path[i]
		if c != parameterStartByte && c != matchEverythingByte {
			continue
		}

		end := i + 1
		for end < max && path[end] != slashByte {
			switch path[end] {
			case parameterStartByte, matchEverythingByte:
				/*
				   panic("only one wildcard per path segment is allowed, has: '" +
				   	path[i:] + "' in path '" + fullPath + "'")
				*/
				return errMuxEntryInvalidWildcard.Format(path[i:], fullPath)
			default:
				end++
			}
		}

		if len(e.nodes) > 0 {
			return errMuxEntryConflictsExistingWildcard.Format(path[i:end], fullPath)
		}

		if end-i < 2 {
			return errMuxEntryWildcardUnnamed.Format(fullPath)
		}

		if c == parameterStartByte {

			if i > 0 {
				e.part = path[offset:i]
				offset = i
			}

			child := &muxEntry{
				entryCase: hasParams,
				paramsLen: numParams,
			}
			e.nodes = []*muxEntry{child}
			e.hasWildNode = true
			e = child
			e.precedence++
			numParams--

			if end < max {
				e.part = path[offset:end]
				offset = end

				child := &muxEntry{
					paramsLen:  numParams,
					precedence: 1,
				}
				e.nodes = []*muxEntry{child}
				e = child
			}

		} else {
			if end != max || numParams > 1 {
				return errMuxEntryWildcardInvalidPlace.Format(fullPath)
			}

			if len(e.part) > 0 && e.part[len(e.part)-1] == '/' {
				return errMuxEntryWildcardConflictsMiddleware.Format(fullPath)
			}

			i--
			if path[i] != slashByte {
				return errMuxEntryWildcardMissingSlash.Format(fullPath)
			}

			e.part = path[offset:i]

			child := &muxEntry{
				hasWildNode: true,
				entryCase:   matchEverything,
				paramsLen:   1,
			}
			e.nodes = []*muxEntry{child}
			e.tokens = string(path[i])
			e = child
			e.precedence++

			child = &muxEntry{
				part:       path[i:],
				entryCase:  matchEverything,
				paramsLen:  1,
				middleware: middleware,
				precedence: 1,
			}
			e.nodes = []*muxEntry{child}

			return nil
		}
	}

	e.part = path[offset:]
	e.middleware = middleware

	return nil
}

// get is used by the Router, it finds and returns the correct muxEntry for a path
func (e *muxEntry) get(path string, _params PathParameters) (middleware Middleware, params PathParameters, mustRedirect bool) {
	params = _params
loop:
	for {
		if len(path) > len(e.part) {
			if path[:len(e.part)] == e.part {
				path = path[len(e.part):]

				if !e.hasWildNode {
					c := path[0]
					for i := range e.tokens {
						if c == e.tokens[i] {
							e = e.nodes[i]
							continue loop
						}
					}

					mustRedirect = (path == slash && e.middleware != nil)
					return
				}

				e = e.nodes[0]
				switch e.entryCase {
				case hasParams:

					end := 0
					for end < len(path) && path[end] != '/' {
						end++
					}

					if cap(params) < int(e.paramsLen) {
						params = make(PathParameters, 0, e.paramsLen)
					}
					i := len(params)
					params = params[:i+1]
					params[i].Key = e.part[1:]
					params[i].Value = path[:end]

					if end < len(path) {
						if len(e.nodes) > 0 {
							path = path[end:]
							e = e.nodes[0]
							continue loop
						}

						mustRedirect = (len(path) == end+1)
						return
					}

					if middleware = e.middleware; middleware != nil {
						return
					} else if len(e.nodes) == 1 {
						e = e.nodes[0]
						mustRedirect = (e.part == slash && e.middleware != nil)
					}

					return

				case matchEverything:
					if cap(params) < int(e.paramsLen) {
						params = make(PathParameters, 0, e.paramsLen)
					}
					i := len(params)
					params = params[:i+1]
					params[i].Key = e.part[2:]
					params[i].Value = path

					middleware = e.middleware
					return

				default:
					return
				}
			}
		} else if path == e.part {
			if middleware = e.middleware; middleware != nil {
				return
			}

			if path == slash && e.hasWildNode && e.entryCase != isRoot {
				mustRedirect = true
				return
			}

			for i := range e.tokens {
				if e.tokens[i] == slashByte {
					e = e.nodes[i]
					mustRedirect = (len(e.part) == 1 && e.middleware != nil) ||
						(e.entryCase == matchEverything && e.nodes[0].middleware != nil)
					return
				}
			}

			return
		}

		mustRedirect = (path == slash) ||
			(len(e.part) == len(path)+1 && e.part[len(path)] == slashByte &&
				path == e.part[:len(e.part)-1] && e.middleware != nil)
		return
	}
}

// precedenceTo just adds the priority of this muxEntry by an index
func (e *muxEntry) precedenceTo(index int) int {
	e.nodes[index].precedence++
	_precedence := e.nodes[index].precedence

	newindex := index
	for newindex > 0 && e.nodes[newindex-1].precedence < _precedence {
		tmpN := e.nodes[newindex-1]
		e.nodes[newindex-1] = e.nodes[newindex]
		e.nodes[newindex] = tmpN

		newindex--
	}

	if newindex != index {
		e.tokens = e.tokens[:newindex] +
			e.tokens[index:index+1] +
			e.tokens[newindex:index] + e.tokens[index+1:]
	}

	return newindex
}

//
//
//

type (
	// Route contains some useful information about a route
	Route interface {
		// Name returns the name of the route
		Name() string
		// Subdomain returns the subdomain,if any
		Subdomain() string
		// Method returns the http method
		Method() string
		// Path returns the path
		Path() string
		// SetPath changes/sets the path for this route
		SetPath(string)
		// Middleware returns the slice of Handler([]Handler) registed to this route
		Middleware() Middleware
		// SetMiddleware changes/sets the middleware(handler(s)) for this route
		SetMiddleware(Middleware)
	}

	route struct {
		// if no name given then it's the subdomain+path
		name           string
		subdomain      string
		method         []byte
		methodStr      string
		path           string
		middleware     Middleware
		formattedPath  string
		formattedParts int
	}

	bySubdomain []*route
)

// Sorting happens when the mux's request handler initialized
func (s bySubdomain) Len() int {
	return len(s)
}
func (s bySubdomain) Swap(i, j int) {
	s[i], s[j] = s[j], s[i]
}
func (s bySubdomain) Less(i, j int) bool {
	return len(s[i].Subdomain()) > len(s[j].Subdomain())
}

var _ Route = &route{}

func newRoute(method []byte, subdomain string, path string, middleware Middleware) *route {
	r := &route{name: path + subdomain, method: method, methodStr: string(method), subdomain: subdomain, path: path, middleware: middleware}
	r.formatPath()
	return r
}

func (r *route) formatPath() {
	// we don't care about performance here.
	n1Len := strings.Count(r.path, ":")
	isMatchEverything := len(r.path) > 0 && r.path[len(r.path)-1] == matchEverythingByte
	if n1Len == 0 && !isMatchEverything {
		// its a static
		return
	}
	if n1Len == 0 && isMatchEverything {
		//if we have something like: /mypath/anything/* -> /mypatch/anything/%v
		r.formattedPath = r.path[0:len(r.path)-2] + "%v"
		r.formattedParts++
		return
	}

	tempPath := r.path
	splittedN1 := strings.Split(r.path, "/")

	for _, v := range splittedN1 {
		if len(v) > 0 {
			if v[0] == ':' || v[0] == matchEverythingByte {
				r.formattedParts++
				tempPath = strings.Replace(tempPath, v, "%v", -1) // n1Len, but let it we don't care about performance here.
			}
		}

	}
	r.formattedPath = tempPath
}

func (r *route) setName(newName string) {
	r.name = newName
}

func (r route) Name() string {
	return r.name
}

func (r route) Subdomain() string {
	return r.subdomain
}

func (r route) Method() string {
	if r.methodStr == "" {
		r.methodStr = string(r.method)
	}
	return r.methodStr
}

func (r route) Path() string {
	return r.path
}

func (r *route) SetPath(s string) {
	r.path = s
}

func (r route) Middleware() Middleware {
	return r.middleware
}

func (r *route) SetMiddleware(m Middleware) {
	r.middleware = m
}

// RouteConflicts checks for route's middleware conflicts
func RouteConflicts(r *route, with string) bool {
	for _, h := range r.middleware {
		if m, ok := h.(interface {
			Conflicts() string
		}); ok {
			if c := m.Conflicts(); c == with {
				return true
			}
		}
	}
	return false
}

func (r *route) hasCors() bool {
	return RouteConflicts(r, "httpmethod")
}

const (
	// subdomainIndicator where './' exists in a registed path then it contains subdomain
	subdomainIndicator = "./"
	// dynamicSubdomainIndicator where a registed path starts with '*.' then it contains a dynamic subdomain, if subdomain == "*." then its dynamic
	dynamicSubdomainIndicator = "*."
)

type (
	muxTree struct {
		method []byte
		// subdomain is empty for default-hostname routes,
		// ex: mysubdomain.
		subdomain string
		entry     *muxEntry
	}

	serveMux struct {
		garden        []*muxTree
		lookups       []*route
		maxParameters uint8

		onLookup func(Route)

		api           *muxAPI
		errorHandlers map[int]Handler
		logger        *log.Logger
		// the main server host's name, ex:  localhost, 127.0.0.1, 0.0.0.0, iris-go.com
		hostname string
		// if any of the trees contains not empty subdomain
		hosts bool
		// if false then searching by unescaped path
		// defaults to true
		escapePath bool
		// if false then the /something it's not the same as /something/
		// defaults to true
		correctPath bool
		mu          sync.Mutex
	}
)

func newServeMux(logger *log.Logger) *serveMux {
	mux := &serveMux{
		lookups:       make([]*route, 0),
		errorHandlers: make(map[int]Handler, 0),
		hostname:      DefaultServerHostname, // these are changing when the server is up
		escapePath:    !DefaultDisablePathEscape,
		correctPath:   !DefaultDisablePathCorrection,
		logger:        logger,
	}

	return mux
}

func (mux *serveMux) setHostname(h string) {
	mux.hostname = h
}

func (mux *serveMux) setEscapePath(b bool) {
	mux.escapePath = b
}

func (mux *serveMux) setCorrectPath(b bool) {
	mux.correctPath = b
}

// registerError registers a handler to a http status
func (mux *serveMux) registerError(statusCode int, handler Handler) {
	mux.mu.Lock()
	func(statusCode int, handler Handler) {
		mux.errorHandlers[statusCode] = HandlerFunc(func(ctx *Context) {
			ctx.ResetBody()
			ctx.SetStatusCode(statusCode)
			handler.Serve(ctx)
		})
	}(statusCode, handler)
	mux.mu.Unlock()
}

// fireError fires an error
func (mux *serveMux) fireError(statusCode int, ctx *Context) {
	mux.mu.Lock()
	errHandler := mux.errorHandlers[statusCode]
	if errHandler == nil {
		errHandler = HandlerFunc(func(ctx *Context) {
			ctx.ResetBody()
			ctx.SetStatusCode(statusCode)
			ctx.SetBodyString(statusText[statusCode])
		})
		mux.errorHandlers[statusCode] = errHandler
	}
	mux.mu.Unlock()

	errHandler.Serve(ctx)
}

func (mux *serveMux) getTree(method []byte, subdomain string) *muxTree {
	for i := range mux.garden {
		t := mux.garden[i]
		if bytes.Equal(t.method, method) && t.subdomain == subdomain {
			return t
		}
	}
	return nil
}

func (mux *serveMux) register(method []byte, subdomain string, path string, middleware Middleware) *route {
	mux.mu.Lock()
	defer mux.mu.Unlock()

	if subdomain != "" {
		mux.hosts = true
	}

	// add to the lookups, it's just a collection of routes information
	lookup := newRoute(method, subdomain, path, middleware)
	if mux.onLookup != nil {
		mux.onLookup(lookup)
	}
	mux.lookups = append(mux.lookups, lookup)

	return lookup

}

// build collects all routes info and adds them to the registry in order to be served from the request handler
// this happens once when server is setting the mux's handler.
func (mux *serveMux) build() func(reqCtx *fasthttp.RequestCtx) string {

	// check for cors conflicts FIRST in order to put them in OPTIONS tree also
	for i := range mux.lookups {
		r := mux.lookups[i]
		if r.hasCors() {
			if exists := mux.lookup(r.path + r.subdomain); exists == nil || exists.Method() != MethodOptions {
				// skip any already registed to OPTIONS, some users maybe do that manually, so we should be careful here, we do not catch custom names but that's fairly enough
				mux.register(MethodOptionsBytes, r.subdomain, r.path, r.middleware)
			}

		}
	}

	sort.Sort(bySubdomain(mux.lookups))

	for i := range mux.lookups {
		r := mux.lookups[i]
		// add to the registry tree
		tree := mux.getTree(r.method, r.subdomain)
		if tree == nil {
			//first time we register a route to this method with this domain
			tree = &muxTree{method: r.method, subdomain: r.subdomain, entry: &muxEntry{}}
			mux.garden = append(mux.garden, tree)
		}
		// I decide that it's better to explicit give subdomain and a path to it than registedPath(mysubdomain./something) now its: subdomain: mysubdomain., path: /something
		// we have different tree for each of subdomains, now you can use everything you can use with the normal paths ( before you couldn't set /any/*path)
		if err := tree.entry.add(r.path, r.middleware); err != nil {
			mux.logger.Panic(err.Error())
		}

		if mp := tree.entry.paramsLen; mp > mux.maxParameters {
			mux.maxParameters = mp
		}
	}

	// optimize this once once, we could do that: context.RequestPath(mux.escapePath), but we lose some nanoseconds on if :)
	getRequestPath := func(reqCtx *fasthttp.RequestCtx) string {
		return utils.BytesToString(reqCtx.Path()) //string(ctx.Path()[:]) // a little bit of memory allocation, old method used: BytesToString, If I see the benchmarks get low I will change it back to old, but this way is safer.
	}

	if !mux.escapePath {
		getRequestPath = func(reqCtx *fasthttp.RequestCtx) string { return utils.BytesToString(reqCtx.RequestURI()) }
	}

	return getRequestPath

}

func (mux *serveMux) lookup(routeName string) *route {
	for i := range mux.lookups {
		if r := mux.lookups[i]; r.name == routeName {
			return r
		}
	}
	return nil
}

// BuildHandler the default Iris router when iris.Handler is nil
func (mux *serveMux) BuildHandler() HandlerFunc {

	// initialize the router once
	getRequestPath := mux.build()

	return func(context *Context) {
		routePath := getRequestPath(context.RequestCtx)
		for i := range mux.garden {
			tree := mux.garden[i]
			if !bytes.Equal(tree.method, context.Method()) {
				continue
			}
			if mux.hosts && tree.subdomain != "" {
				// context.VirtualHost() is a slow method because it makes string.Replaces but user can understand that if subdomain then server will have some nano/or/milleseconds performance cost
				requestHost := context.VirtualHostname()
				if requestHost != mux.hostname {
					//println(requestHost + " != " + mux.hostname)
					// we have a subdomain
					if strings.Index(tree.subdomain, dynamicSubdomainIndicator) != -1 {
					} else {
						//println(requestHost + " = " + mux.hostname)
						// mux.host = iris-go.com:8080, the subdomain for example is api.,
						// so the host must be api.iris-go.com:8080
						if tree.subdomain+mux.hostname != requestHost {
							// go to the next tree, we have a subdomain but it is not the correct

							continue
						}

					}
				} else {
					//("it's subdomain but the request is the same as the listening addr mux.host == requestHost =>" + mux.host + "=" + requestHost + " ____ and tree's subdomain was: " + tree.subdomain)
					continue
				}
			}

			middleware, params, mustRedirect := tree.entry.get(routePath, context.Params) // pass the parameters here for 0 allocation
			if middleware != nil {
				// ok we found the correct route, serve it and exit entirely from here
				context.Params = params
				context.middleware = middleware
				//ctx.Request.Header.SetUserAgentBytes(DefaultUserAgent)
				context.Do()
				return
			} else if mustRedirect && mux.correctPath && !bytes.Equal(context.Method(), MethodConnectBytes) {

				reqPath := routePath
				pathLen := len(reqPath)

				if pathLen > 1 {
					if reqPath[pathLen-1] == '/' {
						reqPath = reqPath[:pathLen-1] //remove the last /
					} else {
						//it has path prefix, it doesn't ends with / and it hasn't be found, then just add the slash
						reqPath = reqPath + "/"
					}

					context.Request.URI().SetPath(reqPath)
					urlToRedirect := utils.BytesToString(context.Request.RequestURI())

					statisForRedirect := StatusMovedPermanently //	StatusMovedPermanently, this document is obselte, clients caches this.
					if bytes.Equal(tree.method, MethodPostBytes) ||
						bytes.Equal(tree.method, MethodPutBytes) ||
						bytes.Equal(tree.method, MethodDeleteBytes) {
						statisForRedirect = StatusTemporaryRedirect //	To maintain POST data
					}

					context.Redirect(urlToRedirect, statisForRedirect)
					// RFC2616 recommends that a short note "SHOULD" be included in the
					// response because older user agents may not understand 301/307.
					// Shouldn't send the response for POST or HEAD; that leaves GET.
					if bytes.Equal(tree.method, MethodGetBytes) {
						note := "<a href=\"" + utils.HTMLEscape(urlToRedirect) + "\">Moved Permanently</a>.\n"
						context.Write(note)
					}
					return
				}
			}
			// not found
			break
		}
		mux.fireError(StatusNotFound, context)
	}
}

var (
	errPortAlreadyUsed = errors.New("Port is already used")
	errRemoveUnix      = errors.New("Unexpected error when trying to remove unix socket file. Addr: %s | Trace: %s")
	errChmod           = errors.New("Cannot chmod %#o for %q: %s")
	errCertKeyMissing  = errors.New("You should provide certFile and keyFile for TLS/SSL")
	errParseTLS        = errors.New("Couldn't load TLS, certFile=%q, keyFile=%q. Trace: %s")
)

// TCP4 returns a new tcp4 Listener
// *tcp6 has some bugs in some operating systems, as reported by Go Community*
func TCP4(addr string) (net.Listener, error) {
	return net.Listen("tcp4", ParseHost(addr))
}

// UNIX returns a new unix(file) Listener
func UNIX(addr string, mode os.FileMode) (net.Listener, error) {
	if errOs := os.Remove(addr); errOs != nil && !os.IsNotExist(errOs) {
		return nil, errRemoveUnix.Format(addr, errOs.Error())
	}

	listener, err := net.Listen("unix", addr)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, errPortAlreadyUsed.AppendErr(err)
	}

	if err = os.Chmod(addr, mode); err != nil {
		return nil, errChmod.Format(mode, addr, err.Error())
	}

	return listener, nil
}

// TLS returns a new TLS Listener
func TLS(addr, certFile, keyFile string) (net.Listener, error) {

	if certFile == "" || keyFile == "" {
		return nil, errCertKeyMissing
	}

	cert, err := tls.LoadX509KeyPair(certFile, keyFile)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, errParseTLS.Format(certFile, keyFile, err)
	}

	return CERT(addr, cert)
}

// CERT returns a listener which contans tls.Config with the provided certificate, use for ssl
func CERT(addr string, cert tls.Certificate) (net.Listener, error) {
	ln, err := TCP4(addr)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}

	tlsConfig := &tls.Config{
		Certificates:             []tls.Certificate{cert},
		PreferServerCipherSuites: true,
	}
	return tls.NewListener(ln, tlsConfig), nil
}

// LETSENCRYPT returns a new Automatic TLS Listener using letsencrypt.org service
func LETSENCRYPT(addr string) (net.Listener, error) {
	if portIdx := strings.IndexByte(addr, ':'); portIdx == -1 {
		addr += ":443"
	}

	ln, err := TCP4(addr)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}

	var m letsencrypt.Manager
	if err = m.CacheFile("letsencrypt.cache"); err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}

	tlsConfig := &tls.Config{GetCertificate: m.GetCertificate}
	tlsLn := tls.NewListener(ln, tlsConfig)

	return tlsLn, nil
}

// TCPKeepAliveListener sets TCP keep-alive timeouts on accepted
// connections.
// Dead TCP connections (e.g. closing laptop mid-download) eventually
// go away
// It is not used by default if you want to pass a keep alive listener
// then just pass the child listener, example:
// listener := iris.TCPKeepAliveListener{iris.TCP4(":8080").(*net.TCPListener)}
type TCPKeepAliveListener struct {
	*net.TCPListener
}

// Accept implements the listener and sets the keep alive period which is 2minutes
func (ln TCPKeepAliveListener) Accept() (c net.Conn, err error) {
	tc, err := ln.AcceptTCP()
	if err != nil {
		return
	}
	tc.SetKeepAlive(true)
	tc.SetKeepAlivePeriod(2 * time.Minute)
	return tc, nil
}

// ParseHost tries to convert a given string to an address which is compatible with net.Listener and server
func ParseHost(addr string) string {
	// check if addr has :port, if not do it +:80 ,we need the hostname for many cases
	a := addr
	if a == "" {
		// check for os environments
		if oshost := os.Getenv("ADDR"); oshost != "" {
			a = oshost
		} else if oshost := os.Getenv("HOST"); oshost != "" {
			a = oshost
		} else if oshost := os.Getenv("HOSTNAME"); oshost != "" {
			a = oshost
			// check for port also here
			if osport := os.Getenv("PORT"); osport != "" {
				a += ":" + osport
			}
		} else if osport := os.Getenv("PORT"); osport != "" {
			a = ":" + osport
		} else {
			a = DefaultServerAddr
		}
	}
	if portIdx := strings.IndexByte(a, ':'); portIdx == 0 {
		if a[portIdx:] == ":https" {
			a = DefaultServerHostname + ":443"
		} else {
			// if contains only :port	,then the : is the first letter, so we dont have setted a hostname, lets set it
			a = DefaultServerHostname + a
		}
	}

	/* changed my mind, don't add 80, this will cause problems on unix listeners, and it's not really necessary because we take the port using parsePort
	if portIdx := strings.IndexByte(a, ':'); portIdx < 0 {
		// missing port part, add it
		a = a + ":80"
	}*/

	return a
}

// ParseHostname receives an addr of form host[:port] and returns the hostname part of it
// ex: localhost:8080 will return the `localhost`, mydomain.com:8080 will return the 'mydomain'
func ParseHostname(addr string) string {
	idx := strings.IndexByte(addr, ':')
	if idx == 0 {
		// only port, then return 0.0.0.0
		return "0.0.0.0"
	} else if idx > 0 {
		return addr[0:idx]
	}
	// it's already hostname
	return addr
}

// ParsePort receives an addr of form host[:port] and returns the port part of it
// ex: localhost:8080 will return the `8080`, mydomain.com will return the '80'
func ParsePort(addr string) int {
	if portIdx := strings.IndexByte(addr, ':'); portIdx != -1 {
		afP := addr[portIdx+1:]
		p, err := strconv.Atoi(afP)
		if err == nil {
			return p
		} else if afP == "https" { // it's not number, check if it's :https
			return 443
		}
	}
	return 80
}

const (
	// SchemeHTTPS returns "https://" (full)
	SchemeHTTPS = "https://"
	// SchemeHTTP returns "http://" (full)
	SchemeHTTP = "http://"
)

// ParseScheme returns the scheme based on the host,addr,domain
// Note: the full scheme not just http*,https* *http:// *https://
func ParseScheme(domain string) string {
	// pure check
	if strings.HasPrefix(domain, SchemeHTTPS) || ParsePort(domain) == 443 {
		return SchemeHTTPS
	}
	return SchemeHTTP
}

var proxyHandler = func(proxyAddr string, redirectSchemeAndHost string) fasthttp.RequestHandler {
	return func(reqCtx *fasthttp.RequestCtx) {
		// override the handler and redirect all requests to this addr
		redirectTo := redirectSchemeAndHost
		fakehost := string(reqCtx.Request.Host())
		path := string(reqCtx.Path())
		if strings.Count(fakehost, ".") >= 3 { // propably a subdomain, pure check but doesn't matters don't worry
			if sufIdx := strings.LastIndexByte(fakehost, '.'); sufIdx > 0 {
				// check if the last part is a number instead of .com/.gr...
				// if it's number then it's propably is 0.0.0.0 or 127.0.0.1... so it shouldn' use  subdomain
				if _, err := strconv.Atoi(fakehost[sufIdx+1:]); err != nil {
					// it's not number then process the try to parse the subdomain
					redirectScheme := ParseScheme(redirectSchemeAndHost)
					realHost := strings.Replace(redirectSchemeAndHost, redirectScheme, "", 1)
					redirectHost := strings.Replace(fakehost, fakehost, realHost, 1)
					redirectTo = redirectScheme + redirectHost + path
					reqCtx.Redirect(redirectTo, StatusMovedPermanently)
					return
				}
			}
		}
		if path != "/" {
			redirectTo += path
		}

		reqCtx.Redirect(redirectTo, StatusMovedPermanently)
	}
}

// Proxy not really a proxy, it's just
// starts a server listening on proxyAddr but redirects all requests to the redirectToSchemeAndHost+$path
// nothing special, use it only when you want to start a secondary server which its only work is to redirect from one requested path to another
//
// returns a close function
func Proxy(proxyAddr string, redirectSchemeAndHost string) func() error {
	proxyAddr = ParseHost(proxyAddr)

	// override the handler and redirect all requests to this addr
	h := proxyHandler(proxyAddr, redirectSchemeAndHost)
	prx := New(OptionDisableBanner(true))
	prx.Router = h

	go prx.Listen(proxyAddr)

	return prx.Close
}