Update to version 10.6.1 | Re-implement the BoltDB as built'n session database and more. Please read the HISTORY file for further details

Former-commit-id: fa68a914bec5fe4f595bdeaea84ecab6374ba643

HISTORY.md

@@ -17,6 +17,12 @@ Developers are not forced to upgrade if they don't really need it. Upgrade whene
 
 **How to upgrade**: Open your command-line and execute this command: `go get -u github.com/kataras/iris` or let the automatic updater do that for you.
 
+# We, 25 April 2018 | v10.6.1
+
+- Re-implement the [BoltDB](https://github.com/coreos/bbolt) as built'n back-end storage for sessions(`sessiondb`) using the latest features: [/sessions/sessiondb/boltdb/database.go](sessions/sessiondb/boltdb/database.go), example can be found at [/_examples/sessions/database/boltdb/main.go](_examples/sessions/database/boltdb/main.go).
+- Fix a minor issue on [Badger sessiondb example](_examples/sessions/database/badger/main.go). Its `sessions.Config { Expires }` field was `2 *time.Second`, it's `45 *time.Minute` now.
+- Other minor improvements to the badger sessiondb.
+
 # Su, 22 April 2018 | v10.6.0
 
 - Fix open redirect by @wozz via PR: https://github.com/kataras/iris/pull/972.

HISTORY_GR.md

@@ -17,6 +17,10 @@
 
 **Πώς να αναβαθμίσετε**: Ανοίξτε την γραμμή εντολών σας και εκτελέστε αυτήν την εντολή: `go get -u github.com/kataras/iris`  ή αφήστε το αυτόματο updater να το κάνει αυτό για σας.
 
+# We, 25 April 2018 | v10.6.1
+
+This history entry is not translated yet to the Greek language yet, please refer to the english version of the [HISTORY entry](https://github.com/kataras/iris/blob/master/HISTORY.md#we-25-april-2018--v1061) instead.
+
 # Su, 22 April 2018 | v10.6.0
 
 This history entry is not translated yet to the Greek language yet, please refer to the english version of the [HISTORY entry](https://github.com/kataras/iris/blob/master/HISTORY.md#su-22-april-2018--v1060) instead.

HISTORY_ZH.md

@@ -37,6 +37,10 @@
 > 请记住，如果您无法升级，那么就不要这样做，我们在此版本中没有任何安全修复程序，但在某些时候建议您最好进行升级，我们总是会添加您喜欢的新功能！
 
 
+# We, 25 April 2018 | v10.6.1
+
+This history entry is not translated yet to the Chinese language yet, please refer to the english version of the [HISTORY entry](https://github.com/kataras/iris/blob/master/HISTORY.md#we-25-april-2018--v1061) instead.
+
 # Su, 22 April 2018 | v10.6.0
 
 This history entry is not translated yet to the Chinese language yet, please refer to the english version of the [HISTORY entry](https://github.com/kataras/iris/blob/master/HISTORY.md#su-22-april-2018--v1060) instead.

README.md

@@ -106,7 +106,7 @@ _Updated at: [Tuesday, 21 November 2017](_benchmarks/README_UNIX.md)_
 
 ## Support
 
-- [HISTORY](HISTORY.md#sa-24-march-2018--v1050) file is your best friend, it contains information about the latest features and changes
+- [HISTORY](HISTORY.md#we-25-april-2018--v1061) file is your best friend, it contains information about the latest features and changes
 - Did you happen to find a bug? Post it at [github issues](https://github.com/kataras/iris/issues)
 - Do you have any questions or need to speak with someone experienced to solve a problem at real-time? Join us to the [community chat](https://chat.iris-go.com)
 - Complete our form-based user experience report by clicking [here](https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSdCxZXPANg_xHWil4kVAdhmh7EBBHQZ_4_xSZVDL-oCC_z5pA/viewform?usp=sf_link)

README_GR.md

@@ -108,7 +108,7 @@ _Η τελευταία ενημέρωση έγινε την [Τρίτη, 21 Νο
 
 ## Υποστήριξη
 
-- To [HISTORY](HISTORY_GR.md#sa-24-march-2018--v1050) αρχείο είναι ο καλύτερος σας φίλος, περιέχει πληροφορίες σχετικά με τις τελευταίες λειτουργίες(features) και αλλαγές
+- To [HISTORY](HISTORY_GR.md#we-25-april-2018--v1061) αρχείο είναι ο καλύτερος σας φίλος, περιέχει πληροφορίες σχετικά με τις τελευταίες λειτουργίες(features) και αλλαγές
 - Μήπως τυχαίνει να βρήκατε κάποιο bug; Δημοσιεύστε το στα [github issues](https://github.com/kataras/iris/issues)
 - Έχετε οποιεσδήποτε ερωτήσεις ή πρέπει να μιλήσετε με κάποιον έμπειρο για την επίλυση ενός προβλήματος σε πραγματικό χρόνο; Ελάτε μαζί μας στην [συνομιλία κοινότητας](https://chat.iris-go.com)
 - Συμπληρώστε την αναφορά εμπειρίας χρήστη κάνοντας κλικ [εδώ](https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSdCxZXPANg_xHWil4kVAdhmh7EBBHQZ_4_xSZVDL-oCC_z5pA/viewform?usp=sf_link)

README_RU.md

@@ -106,7 +106,7 @@ _Обновлено: [Вторник, 21 ноября 2017 г.](_benchmarks/READ
 
 ## Поддержка
 
-- Файл [HISTORY](HISTORY.md#sa-24-march-2018--v1050) - ваш лучший друг, он содержит информацию о последних особенностях и всех изменениях
+- Файл [HISTORY](HISTORY.md#we-25-april-2018--v1061) - ваш лучший друг, он содержит информацию о последних особенностях и всех изменениях
 - Вы случайно обнаружили ошибку? Опубликуйте ее на [Github вопросы](https://github.com/kataras/iris/issues)
 - У Вас есть какие-либо вопросы или Вам нужно поговорить с кем-то, кто бы смог решить Вашу проблему в режиме реального времени? Присоединяйтесь к нам в [чате сообщества](https://chat.iris-go.com)
 - Заполните наш отчет о пользовательском опыте на основе формы, нажав [здесь](https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSdCxZXPANg_xHWil4kVAdhmh7EBBHQZ_4_xSZVDL-oCC_z5pA/viewform?usp=sf_link) 

README_ZH.md

@@ -102,7 +102,7 @@ _更新于: [2017年11月21日星期二](_benchmarks/README_UNIX.md)_
 
 ## 支持
 
-- [更新记录](HISTORY_ZH.md#sa-24-march-2018--v1050) 是您最好的朋友，它包含有关最新功能和更改的信息
+- [更新记录](HISTORY_ZH.md#we-25-april-2018--v1061) 是您最好的朋友，它包含有关最新功能和更改的信息
 - 你碰巧找到了一个错误？ 请提交 [github issues](https://github.com/kataras/iris/issues)
 - 您是否有任何疑问或需要与有经验的人士交谈以实时解决问题？ [加入我们的聊天](https://chat.iris-go.com)
 - [点击这里完成我们基于表单的用户体验报告](https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSdCxZXPANg_xHWil4kVAdhmh7EBBHQZ_4_xSZVDL-oCC_z5pA/viewform?usp=sf_link) 

VERSION

@@ -1 +1 @@
-10.6.0:https://github.com/kataras/iris/blob/master/HISTORY.md#su-22-april-2018--v1060
+10.6.1:https://github.com/kataras/iris/blob/master/HISTORY.md#we-25-april-2018--v1061

_examples/sessions/database/badger/main.go

@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ func main() {
 
 	sess := sessions.New(sessions.Config{
 		Cookie:  "sessionscookieid",
-		Expires: 45 * time.Second, // <=0 means unlimited life. Defaults to 0.
+		Expires: 45 * time.Minute, // <=0 means unlimited life. Defaults to 0.
 	})
 
 	//

_examples/sessions/database/boltdb/main.go

@@ -0,0 +1,96 @@
+package main
+
+import (
+	"os"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/kataras/iris"
+
+	"github.com/kataras/iris/sessions"
+	"github.com/kataras/iris/sessions/sessiondb/boltdb"
+)
+
+func main() {
+	db, err := boltdb.New("./sessions.db", os.FileMode(0750))
+	if err != nil {
+		panic(err)
+	}
+
+	// close and unlobkc the database when control+C/cmd+C pressed
+	iris.RegisterOnInterrupt(func() {
+		db.Close()
+	})
+
+	defer db.Close() // close and unlock the database if application errored.
+
+	sess := sessions.New(sessions.Config{
+		Cookie:  "sessionscookieid",
+		Expires: 45 * time.Minute, // <=0 means unlimited life. Defaults to 0.
+	})
+
+	//
+	// IMPORTANT:
+	//
+	sess.UseDatabase(db)
+
+	// the rest of the code stays the same.
+	app := iris.New()
+
+	app.Get("/", func(ctx iris.Context) {
+		ctx.Writef("You should navigate to the /set, /get, /delete, /clear,/destroy instead")
+	})
+	app.Get("/set", func(ctx iris.Context) {
+		s := sess.Start(ctx)
+		//set session values
+		s.Set("name", "iris")
+
+		//test if setted here
+		ctx.Writef("All ok session value of the 'name' is: %s", s.GetString("name"))
+	})
+
+	app.Get("/set/{key}/{value}", func(ctx iris.Context) {
+		key, value := ctx.Params().Get("key"), ctx.Params().Get("value")
+		s := sess.Start(ctx)
+		// set session values
+		s.Set(key, value)
+
+		// test if setted here
+		ctx.Writef("All ok session value of the '%s' is: %s", key, s.GetString(key))
+	})
+
+	app.Get("/get", func(ctx iris.Context) {
+		// get a specific key, as string, if no found returns just an empty string
+		name := sess.Start(ctx).GetString("name")
+
+		ctx.Writef("The 'name' on the /set was: %s", name)
+	})
+
+	app.Get("/get/{key}", func(ctx iris.Context) {
+		// get a specific key, as string, if no found returns just an empty string
+		name := sess.Start(ctx).GetString(ctx.Params().Get("key"))
+
+		ctx.Writef("The name on the /set was: %s", name)
+	})
+
+	app.Get("/delete", func(ctx iris.Context) {
+		// delete a specific key
+		sess.Start(ctx).Delete("name")
+	})
+
+	app.Get("/clear", func(ctx iris.Context) {
+		// removes all entries
+		sess.Start(ctx).Clear()
+	})
+
+	app.Get("/destroy", func(ctx iris.Context) {
+		//destroy, removes the entire session data and cookie
+		sess.Destroy(ctx)
+	})
+
+	app.Get("/update", func(ctx iris.Context) {
+		// updates expire date with a new date
+		sess.ShiftExpiration(ctx)
+	})
+
+	app.Run(iris.Addr(":8080"), iris.WithoutServerError(iris.ErrServerClosed))
+}

_examples/sessions/database/redis/main.go

@@ -15,13 +15,13 @@ import (
 func main() {
 	// replace with your running redis' server settings:
 	db := redis.New(service.Config{
-		Network:     service.DefaultRedisNetwork,
+		Network:     "tcp",
-		Addr:        service.DefaultRedisAddr,
+		Addr:        "127.0.0.1:6379",
 		Password:    "",
 		Database:    "",
 		MaxIdle:     0,
 		MaxActive:   0,
-		IdleTimeout: service.DefaultRedisIdleTimeout,
+		IdleTimeout: time.Duration(5) * time.Minute,
 		Prefix:      ""}) // optionally configure the bridge between your redis server
 
 	// close connection when control+C/cmd+C

core/maintenance/version.go

@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ import (
 
 const (
 	// Version is the string representation of the current local Iris Web Framework version.
-	Version = "10.6.0"
+	Version = "10.6.1"
 )
 
 // CheckForUpdates checks for any available updates

doc.go

@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ Source code and other details for the project are available at GitHub:
 
 Current Version
 
-10.6.0
+10.6.1
 
 Installation
 

sessions/cookie.go

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 package sessions
 
 import (
+	"net"
 	"net/http"
 	"strconv"
 	"strings"
@@ -26,13 +27,10 @@ func GetCookie(ctx context.Context, name string) string {
 	}
 
 	return c.Value
-
-	// return ctx.GetCookie(name)
 }
 
 // AddCookie adds a cookie
 func AddCookie(ctx context.Context, cookie *http.Cookie, reclaim bool) {
-	// http.SetCookie(ctx.ResponseWriter(), cookie)
 	if reclaim {
 		ctx.Request().AddCookie(cookie)
 	}
@@ -65,7 +63,7 @@ func RemoveCookie(ctx context.Context, config Config) {
 // IsValidCookieDomain returns true if the receiver is a valid domain to set
 // valid means that is recognised as 'domain' by the browser, so it(the cookie) can be shared with subdomains also
 func IsValidCookieDomain(domain string) bool {
-	if domain == "0.0.0.0" || domain == "127.0.0.1" {
+	if net.IP([]byte(domain)).IsLoopback() {
 		// for these type of hosts, we can't allow subdomains persistence,
 		// the web browser doesn't understand the mysubdomain.0.0.0.0 and mysubdomain.127.0.0.1 mysubdomain.32.196.56.181. as scorrectly ubdomains because of the many dots
 		// so don't set a cookie domain here, let browser handle this

sessions/sessiondb/badger/database.go

@@ -1,8 +1,10 @@
 package badger
 
 import (
+	"bytes"
 	"os"
 	"runtime"
+	"sync/atomic"
 	"time"
 
 	"github.com/kataras/golog"
@@ -24,6 +26,8 @@ type Database struct {
 	// it's initialized at `New` or `NewFromDB`.
 	// Can be used to get stats.
 	Service *badger.DB
+
+	closed uint32 // if 1 is closed.
 }
 
 var _ sessions.Database = (*Database)(nil)
@@ -76,7 +80,7 @@ func (db *Database) Acquire(sid string, expires time.Duration) sessions.LifeTime
 	txn := db.Service.NewTransaction(true)
 	defer txn.Commit(nil)
 
-	bsid := []byte(sid)
+	bsid := makePrefix(sid)
 	item, err := txn.Get(bsid)
 	if err == nil {
 		// found, return the expiration.
@@ -98,10 +102,14 @@ func (db *Database) Acquire(sid string, expires time.Duration) sessions.LifeTime
 	return sessions.LifeTime{} // session manager will handle the rest.
 }
 
-var delim = byte('*')
+var delim = byte('_')
+
+func makePrefix(sid string) []byte {
+	return append([]byte(sid), delim)
+}
 
 func makeKey(sid, key string) []byte {
-	return append([]byte(sid), append([]byte(key), delim)...)
+	return append(makePrefix(sid), []byte(key)...)
 }
 
 // Set sets a key value of a specific session.
@@ -114,8 +122,8 @@ func (db *Database) Set(sid string, lifetime sessions.LifeTime, key string, valu
 	}
 
 	err = db.Service.Update(func(txn *badger.Txn) error {
-		return txn.SetWithTTL(makeKey(sid, key), valueBytes, lifetime.DurationUntilExpiration())
+		dur := lifetime.DurationUntilExpiration()
-		// return txn.Set(makeKey(sid, key), valueBytes)
+		return txn.SetWithTTL(makeKey(sid, key), valueBytes, dur)
 	})
 
 	if err != nil {
@@ -149,7 +157,7 @@ func (db *Database) Get(sid string, key string) (value interface{}) {
 
 // Visit loops through all session keys and values.
 func (db *Database) Visit(sid string, cb func(key string, value interface{})) {
-	prefix := append([]byte(sid), delim)
+	prefix := makePrefix(sid)
 
 	txn := db.Service.NewTransaction(false)
 	defer txn.Discard()
@@ -171,7 +179,7 @@ func (db *Database) Visit(sid string, cb func(key string, value interface{})) {
 			continue
 		}
 
-		cb(string(item.Key()), value)
+		cb(string(bytes.TrimPrefix(item.Key(), prefix)), value)
 	}
 }
 
@@ -184,7 +192,7 @@ var iterOptionsNoValues = badger.IteratorOptions{
 
 // Len returns the length of the session's entries (keys).
 func (db *Database) Len(sid string) (n int) {
-	prefix := append([]byte(sid), delim)
+	prefix := makePrefix(sid)
 
 	txn := db.Service.NewTransaction(false)
 	iter := txn.NewIterator(iterOptionsNoValues)
@@ -211,7 +219,7 @@ func (db *Database) Delete(sid string, key string) (deleted bool) {
 
 // Clear removes all session key values but it keeps the session entry.
 func (db *Database) Clear(sid string) {
-	prefix := append([]byte(sid), delim)
+	prefix := makePrefix(sid)
 
 	txn := db.Service.NewTransaction(true)
 	defer txn.Commit(nil)
@@ -241,9 +249,14 @@ func (db *Database) Close() error {
 }
 
 func closeDB(db *Database) error {
+	if atomic.LoadUint32(&db.closed) > 0 {
+		return nil
+	}
 	err := db.Service.Close()
 	if err != nil {
 		golog.Warnf("closing the badger connection: %v", err)
+	} else {
+		atomic.StoreUint32(&db.closed, 1)
 	}
 	return err
 }

sessions/sessiondb/boltdb/database.go

@@ -0,0 +1,362 @@
+package boltdb
+
+import (
+	"os"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"runtime"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/coreos/bbolt"
+	"github.com/kataras/golog"
+	"github.com/kataras/iris/core/errors"
+	"github.com/kataras/iris/sessions"
+)
+
+// DefaultFileMode used as the default database's "fileMode"
+// for creating the sessions directory path, opening and write
+// the session boltdb(file-based) storage.
+var (
+	DefaultFileMode = 0755
+)
+
+// Database the BoltDB(file-based) session storage.
+type Database struct {
+	table []byte
+	// Service is the underline BoltDB database connection,
+	// it's initialized at `New` or `NewFromDB`.
+	// Can be used to get stats.
+	Service *bolt.DB
+}
+
+var errPathMissing = errors.New("path is required")
+
+// New creates and returns a new BoltDB(file-based) storage
+// instance based on the "path".
+// Path should include the filename and the directory(aka fullpath), i.e sessions/store.db.
+//
+// It will remove any old session files.
+func New(path string, fileMode os.FileMode) (*Database, error) {
+	if path == "" {
+		golog.Error(errPathMissing)
+		return nil, errPathMissing
+	}
+
+	if fileMode <= 0 {
+		fileMode = os.FileMode(DefaultFileMode)
+	}
+
+	// create directories if necessary
+	if err := os.MkdirAll(filepath.Dir(path), fileMode); err != nil {
+		golog.Errorf("error while trying to create the necessary directories for %s: %v", path, err)
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	service, err := bolt.Open(path, fileMode,
+		&bolt.Options{Timeout: 20 * time.Second},
+	)
+
+	if err != nil {
+		golog.Errorf("unable to initialize the BoltDB-based session database: %v", err)
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	return NewFromDB(service, "sessions")
+}
+
+// NewFromDB same as `New` but accepts an already-created custom boltdb connection instead.
+func NewFromDB(service *bolt.DB, bucketName string) (*Database, error) {
+	bucket := []byte(bucketName)
+
+	service.Update(func(tx *bolt.Tx) (err error) {
+		_, err = tx.CreateBucketIfNotExists(bucket)
+		return
+	})
+
+	db := &Database{table: bucket, Service: service}
+
+	runtime.SetFinalizer(db, closeDB)
+	return db, db.cleanup()
+}
+
+func (db *Database) getBucket(tx *bolt.Tx) *bolt.Bucket {
+	return tx.Bucket(db.table)
+}
+
+func (db *Database) getBucketForSession(tx *bolt.Tx, sid string) *bolt.Bucket {
+	b := db.getBucket(tx).Bucket([]byte(sid))
+	if b == nil {
+		// session does not exist, it shouldn't happen, session bucket creation happens once at `Acquire`,
+		// no need to accept the `bolt.bucket.CreateBucketIfNotExists`'s performance cost.
+		golog.Debugf("unreachable session access for '%s'", sid)
+	}
+
+	return b
+}
+
+var (
+	expirationBucketName = []byte("expiration")
+	delim                = []byte("_")
+)
+
+// expiration lives on its own bucket for each session bucket.
+func getExpirationBucketName(bsid []byte) []byte {
+	return append(bsid, append(delim, expirationBucketName...)...)
+}
+
+// Cleanup removes any invalid(have expired) session entries on initialization.
+func (db *Database) cleanup() error {
+	return db.Service.Update(func(tx *bolt.Tx) error {
+		b := db.getBucket(tx)
+		c := b.Cursor()
+		// loop through all buckets, find one with expiration.
+		for bsid, v := c.First(); bsid != nil; bsid, v = c.Next() {
+			if len(bsid) == 0 { // empty key, continue to the next session bucket.
+				continue
+			}
+
+			expirationName := getExpirationBucketName(bsid)
+			if bExp := b.Bucket(expirationName); bExp != nil { // has expiration.
+				_, expValue := bExp.Cursor().First() // the expiration bucket contains only one key(we don't care, see `Acquire`) value(time.Time) pair.
+				if expValue == nil {
+					golog.Debugf("cleanup: expiration is there but its value is empty '%s'", v) // should never happen.
+					continue
+				}
+
+				var expirationTime time.Time
+				if err := sessions.DefaultTranscoder.Unmarshal(expValue, &expirationTime); err != nil {
+					golog.Debugf("cleanup: unable to retrieve expiration value for '%s'", v)
+					continue
+				}
+
+				if expirationTime.Before(time.Now()) {
+					// expired, delete the expiration bucket.
+					if err := b.DeleteBucket(expirationName); err != nil {
+						golog.Debugf("cleanup: unable to destroy a session '%s'", bsid)
+						return err
+					}
+
+					// and the session bucket, if any.
+					return b.DeleteBucket(bsid)
+				}
+			}
+		}
+
+		return nil
+	})
+}
+
+var expirationKey = []byte("exp") // it can be random.
+
+// Acquire receives a session's lifetime from the database,
+// if the return value is LifeTime{} then the session manager sets the life time based on the expiration duration lives in configuration.
+func (db *Database) Acquire(sid string, expires time.Duration) (lifetime sessions.LifeTime) {
+	bsid := []byte(sid)
+	err := db.Service.Update(func(tx *bolt.Tx) (err error) {
+		root := db.getBucket(tx)
+
+		if expires > 0 { // should check or create the expiration bucket.
+			name := getExpirationBucketName(bsid)
+			b := root.Bucket(name)
+			if b == nil {
+				// not found, create a session bucket and an expiration bucket and save the given "expires" of time.Time,
+				// don't return a lifetime, let it empty, session manager will do its job.
+				b, err = root.CreateBucket(name)
+				if err != nil {
+					golog.Debugf("unable to create a session bucket for '%s': %v", sid, err)
+					return err
+				}
+
+				expirationTime := time.Now().Add(expires)
+				timeBytes, err := sessions.DefaultTranscoder.Marshal(expirationTime)
+				if err != nil {
+					golog.Debugf("unable to set an expiration value on session expiration bucket for '%s': %v", sid, err)
+					return err
+				}
+
+				if err := b.Put(expirationKey, timeBytes); err == nil {
+					// create the session bucket now, so the rest of the calls can be easly get the bucket without any further checks.
+					_, err = root.CreateBucket(bsid)
+				}
+
+				return err
+			}
+
+			// found, get the associated expiration bucket, wrap its value and return.
+			_, expValue := b.Cursor().First()
+			if expValue == nil {
+				return nil // does not expire.
+			}
+
+			var expirationTime time.Time
+			if err = sessions.DefaultTranscoder.Unmarshal(expValue, &expirationTime); err != nil {
+				golog.Debugf("acquire: unable to retrieve expiration value for '%s', value was: '%s': %v", sid, expValue, err)
+				return
+			}
+
+			lifetime = sessions.LifeTime{Time: expirationTime}
+			return nil
+		}
+
+		// does not expire, just create the session bucket if not exists so we can be ready later on.
+		_, err = root.CreateBucketIfNotExists(bsid)
+		return
+	})
+
+	if err != nil {
+		golog.Debugf("unable to acquire session '%s': %v", sid, err)
+		return sessions.LifeTime{}
+	}
+
+	return
+}
+
+func makeKey(key string) []byte {
+	return []byte(key)
+}
+
+// Set sets a key value of a specific session.
+// Ignore the "immutable".
+func (db *Database) Set(sid string, lifetime sessions.LifeTime, key string, value interface{}, immutable bool) {
+	valueBytes, err := sessions.DefaultTranscoder.Marshal(value)
+	if err != nil {
+		golog.Debug(err)
+		return
+	}
+
+	err = db.Service.Update(func(tx *bolt.Tx) error {
+		b := db.getBucketForSession(tx, sid)
+		if b == nil {
+			return nil
+		}
+
+		// Author's notes:
+		// expiration is handlded by the session manager for the whole session, so the `db.Destroy` will be called when and if needed.
+		// Therefore we don't have to implement a TTL here, but we need a `db.Cleanup`, as we did previously, method to delete any expired if server restarted
+		// (badger does not need a `Cleanup` because we set the TTL based on the lifetime.DurationUntilExpiration()).
+		return b.Put(makeKey(key), valueBytes)
+	})
+
+	if err != nil {
+		golog.Debug(err)
+	}
+}
+
+// Get retrieves a session value based on the key.
+func (db *Database) Get(sid string, key string) (value interface{}) {
+	err := db.Service.View(func(tx *bolt.Tx) error {
+		b := db.getBucketForSession(tx, sid)
+		if b == nil {
+			return nil
+		}
+
+		valueBytes := b.Get(makeKey(key))
+		if len(valueBytes) == 0 {
+			return nil
+		}
+
+		return sessions.DefaultTranscoder.Unmarshal(valueBytes, &value)
+	})
+
+	if err != nil {
+		golog.Debugf("session '%s' key '%s' not found", sid, key)
+	}
+
+	return
+}
+
+// Visit loops through all session keys and values.
+func (db *Database) Visit(sid string, cb func(key string, value interface{})) {
+	db.Service.View(func(tx *bolt.Tx) error {
+		b := db.getBucketForSession(tx, sid)
+		if b == nil {
+			return nil
+		}
+
+		return b.ForEach(func(k []byte, v []byte) error {
+			var value interface{}
+			if err := sessions.DefaultTranscoder.Unmarshal(v, &value); err != nil {
+				golog.Debugf("unable to retrieve value of key '%s' of '%s': %v", k, sid, err)
+				return err
+			}
+
+			cb(string(k), value)
+			return nil
+		})
+	})
+}
+
+// Len returns the length of the session's entries (keys).
+func (db *Database) Len(sid string) (n int) {
+	db.Service.View(func(tx *bolt.Tx) error {
+		b := db.getBucketForSession(tx, sid)
+		if b == nil {
+			return nil
+		}
+
+		n = b.Stats().KeyN
+		return nil
+	})
+
+	return
+}
+
+var errNotFound = errors.New("not found")
+
+// Delete removes a session key value based on its key.
+func (db *Database) Delete(sid string, key string) (deleted bool) {
+	err := db.Service.Update(func(tx *bolt.Tx) error {
+		b := db.getBucketForSession(tx, sid)
+		if b == nil {
+			return errNotFound
+		}
+
+		return b.Delete(makeKey(key))
+	})
+
+	return err == nil
+}
+
+// Clear removes all session key values but it keeps the session entry.
+func (db *Database) Clear(sid string) {
+	db.Service.Update(func(tx *bolt.Tx) error {
+		b := db.getBucketForSession(tx, sid)
+		if b == nil {
+			return nil
+		}
+
+		return b.ForEach(func(k []byte, v []byte) error {
+			return b.Delete(k)
+		})
+	})
+}
+
+// Release destroys the session, it clears and removes the session entry,
+// session manager will create a new session ID on the next request after this call.
+func (db *Database) Release(sid string) {
+	db.Service.Update(func(tx *bolt.Tx) error {
+		// delete the session bucket.
+		b := db.getBucket(tx)
+		bsid := []byte(sid)
+		if err := b.DeleteBucket(bsid); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+
+		// and try to delete the associated expiration bucket, if exists, ignore error.
+		b.DeleteBucket(getExpirationBucketName(bsid))
+		return nil
+	})
+}
+
+// Close shutdowns the BoltDB connection.
+func (db *Database) Close() error {
+	return closeDB(db)
+}
+
+func closeDB(db *Database) error {
+	err := db.Service.Close()
+	if err != nil {
+		golog.Warnf("closing the BoltDB connection: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	return err
+}