From b96476d1006af88e5c294b48941f016bd40a578d Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: kataras <kataras2006@hotmail.com>
Date: Fri, 18 Aug 2017 17:09:18 +0300
Subject: [PATCH] Update to 8.3.0 | MVC Models and Bindings and fix of #723 ,
 read HISTORY.md

Former-commit-id: d8f66d8d370c583a288333df2a14c6ee2dc56466
---
 ACQUIRED_HISTORY.md                           |    89 -
 HISTORY.md                                    |   225 +-
 README.md                                     |    54 +-
 VERSION                                       |     2 +-
 _examples/README.md                           |    65 +-
 _examples/hello-world/main.go                 |     4 +-
 .../controller-with-model-and-view/main.go    |    99 +
 .../views/profile/index.html                  |    13 +
 .../views/profile/me.html                     |    13 +
 .../views/profile/notfound.html               |    13 +
 .../views/profile/profile.html                |    13 +
 _examples/mvc/hello-world/main.go             |   105 +
 _examples/mvc/session-controller/main.go      |    47 +
 _examples/mvc/web_mvc_diagram.png             |   Bin 0 -> 25515 bytes
 _examples/routing/mvc/controllers/index.go    |    18 -
 .../routing/mvc/controllers/index_go19.go     |    18 -
 _examples/routing/mvc/controllers/user.go     |    62 -
 .../routing/mvc/controllers/user_go19.go      |    81 -
 _examples/routing/mvc/main.go                 |    25 -
 _examples/routing/mvc/main_go19.go            |    28 -
 _examples/routing/mvc/models/user.go          |    15 -
 _examples/routing/mvc/persistence/database.go |    10 -
 _examples/routing/mvc/views/index.html        |    11 -
 _examples/routing/mvc/views/user/index.html   |    18 -
 _examples/tutorial/mvc-from-scratch/README.md |   171 +-
 .../websocket/third-party-socketio/main.go    |    44 +
 .../third-party-socketio/public/index.html    |    38 +
 .../public/jquery-1.11.1.js                   | 10309 ++++++++++++++++
 .../public/socket.io-1.3.7.js                 |     3 +
 configuration.go                              |    14 +-
 context.go                                    |    11 +-
 context/context.go                            |     4 +-
 context/gzip_response_writer.go               |    49 +-
 core/router/api_builder.go                    |    96 +-
 core/router/controller.go                     |   290 -
 core/router/controller_test.go                |   152 -
 core/router/party.go                          |    45 +-
 core/router/status.go                         |     1 +
 doc.go                                        |   180 +-
 faq.md                                        |    38 +
 iris.go                                       |    16 +-
 mvc/activator/activator.go                    |   312 +
 mvc/activator/binder.go                       |   118 +
 mvc/activator/callable_control.go             |    53 +
 mvc/activator/method_control.go               |    81 +
 mvc/activator/model_control.go                |    54 +
 mvc/activator/persistence_data_control.go     |   103 +
 mvc/controller.go                             |   129 +
 mvc/controller_test.go                        |   284 +
 mvc/session_controller.go                     |    35 +
 sessions/session.go                           |     7 +-
 version.go                                    |    17 +-
 view/view.go                                  |     6 +
 53 files changed, 12642 insertions(+), 1046 deletions(-)
 delete mode 100644 ACQUIRED_HISTORY.md
 create mode 100644 _examples/mvc/controller-with-model-and-view/main.go
 create mode 100644 _examples/mvc/controller-with-model-and-view/views/profile/index.html
 create mode 100644 _examples/mvc/controller-with-model-and-view/views/profile/me.html
 create mode 100644 _examples/mvc/controller-with-model-and-view/views/profile/notfound.html
 create mode 100644 _examples/mvc/controller-with-model-and-view/views/profile/profile.html
 create mode 100644 _examples/mvc/hello-world/main.go
 create mode 100644 _examples/mvc/session-controller/main.go
 create mode 100644 _examples/mvc/web_mvc_diagram.png
 delete mode 100644 _examples/routing/mvc/controllers/index.go
 delete mode 100644 _examples/routing/mvc/controllers/index_go19.go
 delete mode 100644 _examples/routing/mvc/controllers/user.go
 delete mode 100644 _examples/routing/mvc/controllers/user_go19.go
 delete mode 100644 _examples/routing/mvc/main.go
 delete mode 100644 _examples/routing/mvc/main_go19.go
 delete mode 100644 _examples/routing/mvc/models/user.go
 delete mode 100644 _examples/routing/mvc/persistence/database.go
 delete mode 100644 _examples/routing/mvc/views/index.html
 delete mode 100644 _examples/routing/mvc/views/user/index.html
 create mode 100644 _examples/websocket/third-party-socketio/main.go
 create mode 100644 _examples/websocket/third-party-socketio/public/index.html
 create mode 100644 _examples/websocket/third-party-socketio/public/jquery-1.11.1.js
 create mode 100644 _examples/websocket/third-party-socketio/public/socket.io-1.3.7.js
 delete mode 100644 core/router/controller.go
 delete mode 100644 core/router/controller_test.go
 create mode 100644 faq.md
 create mode 100644 mvc/activator/activator.go
 create mode 100644 mvc/activator/binder.go
 create mode 100644 mvc/activator/callable_control.go
 create mode 100644 mvc/activator/method_control.go
 create mode 100644 mvc/activator/model_control.go
 create mode 100644 mvc/activator/persistence_data_control.go
 create mode 100644 mvc/controller.go
 create mode 100644 mvc/controller_test.go
 create mode 100644 mvc/session_controller.go

diff --git a/ACQUIRED_HISTORY.md b/ACQUIRED_HISTORY.md
deleted file mode 100644
index 844f3975..00000000
--- a/ACQUIRED_HISTORY.md
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,89 +0,0 @@
-# 10 July 2017
-
-## 📈 One and a half years with Iris and You...
-
-- 7070 github stars
-- 749 github forks
-- 1m total views at its documentation
-- ~800$ at donations (there're a lot for a golang open-source project, thanks to you)
-- ~550 reported bugs fixed
-- ~30 community feature requests have been implemented
-
-## 🔥 Reborn
-
-As you may have heard I have huge responsibilities on my new position at Dubai nowadays, therefore I don't have the needed time to work on this project anymore.
-
-After almost a month of negotiations and searching I succeed to find a decent software engineer to continue my work on the open source community.
-
-The leadership of this, open-source, repository was transferred to [hiveminded](https://github.com/hiveminded).
-
-These types of projects need heart and sacrifices to continue offer the best developer experience like a paid software, please do support him as you did with me!
-
-# 02 July 2017
-
-### DEPRECATED
-
-Iris has been acquired so development is up to the community, there are two active iris-based communities so far.
-
-Use one of these projects instead:  
-
-https://github.com/get-ion/ion
-
-**Ion is a fast, simple and efficient micro web framework for Go. It provides a beautifully expressive and easy to use foundation for your next website, API, or distributed app.**
-
-- a bit faster than Iris version 7, based on `ab`
-- stable api
-- more examples
-- sessions, websockets, typescript and cloud editor(fixed) on different packages
-- test cov, including examples
-- slack bot for support automation
-- has a FAQ page which is part of the gitbook.com beta program
-- central issue portal
-- HuHu supported
-
-https://github.com/go-siris/siris
-
-**A fast, cross-platform and efficient web framework with robust set of well-designed features, written entirely in Go.**
-
-- three maintainers
-- plan to stabilize api, no unneeded changes
-- plan to increase test-coverage
-- plan to add more middlewares and examples
-
-
-> If your team's project is missing from this list, please contact with me.
-
-# 17 June 2017
-
-### IRIS HAS BEEN ACQUIRED
-
-Iris project has been acquired by a Dubai-based startup.
- 
-Both sides agree that every related public data should remain open for at least 30 days.
-
-After the period of 30 days, company has the proprietary rights to delete or transfer this repository and all its related public data forever without any warnings.
-
-The company may or may not reveal its true identity to the public.   
-
-Transaction of the public domains still in-progress:
-
-- http://iris-go.com
-- https://kataras.rocket.chat/channel/iris
-
-View-accessed users can clone the current state of the project's public repositories and use without any warranties.
-
-From now on, Original Author owns a high position to the company's table.
-
-At any circumstances, 
-
-Original Author keeps the creation rights.
-
-### About the future of Iris
-
-Clone the repository today because if I can't find a new lead maintainer for the [v7.2](https://github.com/kataras/iris-v7-29d) you, as community, will have to find a way to communicate about its future, the name "iris go" was taken by the company too, so it will be nice if the future main contributor change its name too, if you don't do it I will not beat you but I don't know the full company's law-plan for this, yet.
-  
-All donators, without any exception, will have my support for at least 6 months (for all iris versions), we have a private room at the [chat](https://kataras.rocket.chat/channel/iris).
-
-Don't worry **I will not let you down**, we're trying to find a decent open-source contributor to continue the Iris' open-source codebase. I'm already in touch with some good gophers but **If you're willing to maintain this project** please [send](#contact) me details about your experience, general bio and your github username.
-
-**I am really thankful for all of your support to me and the community, all donations, all bug reports, all comments without any exception. I did proceeded with all my physical abilities so far but unfortunately there weren't enough for my survivor. I'm really sorry if the latest news made iris open-source community disappointed but you have to see things from my point view, I was one step before bankruptcy, I had no other choice but accept the offer.**
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/HISTORY.md b/HISTORY.md
index f3db04c7..ea14693c 100644
--- a/HISTORY.md
+++ b/HISTORY.md
@@ -18,6 +18,223 @@ Developers are not forced to upgrade if they don't really need it. Upgrade whene
 
 **How to upgrade**: Open your command-line and execute this command: `go get -u github.com/kataras/iris`.
 
+# Fr, 18 August 2017 | v8.3.0
+
+Good news for devs that are used to write their web apps using the `MVC` architecture pattern.
+
+Implement a whole new `mvc` package with additional support for models and easy binding.
+
+@kataras started to develop that feature by version 8.2.5, back then it didn't seem
+to be a large feature and maybe a game-changer, so it lived inside the `kataras/iris/core/router/controller.go` file.
+However with this version, so many things are implemented for the MVC and we needed a new whole package,
+this new package is the `kataras/iris/mvc`, but if you used go 1.9 to build then you don't have to do any refactor, you could use the `iris.Controller` type alias.
+
+People who used the mvc from its baby steps(v8.2.5) the only syntactic change you'll have to do is to rename the `router.Controller` to `mvc.Controller`:
+
+Before: 
+```go
+import "github.com/kataras/iris/core/router"
+type MyController struct {
+    router.Controller
+}
+```
+Now:
+```go
+import "github.com/kataras/iris/mvc"
+type MyController struct {
+    mvc.Controller
+    // if you build with go1.9 you can omit the import of mvc package
+    // and just use `iris.Controller` instead.
+}
+```
+
+### MVC (Model View Controller)
+
+![](_examples/mvc/web_mvc_diagram.png)
+
+From version 8.3 and after Iris has **first-class support for the MVC pattern**, you'll not find
+these stuff anywhere else in the Go world.
+
+
+Example Code
+
+
+```go
+package main
+
+import (
+	"sync"
+
+	"github.com/kataras/iris"
+	"github.com/kataras/iris/mvc"
+)
+
+func main() {
+	app := iris.New()
+	app.RegisterView(iris.HTML("./views", ".html"))
+
+	// when we have a path separated by spaces
+	// then the Controller is registered to all of them one by one.
+	//
+	// myDB is binded to the controller's `*DB` field: use only structs and pointers.
+	app.Controller("/profile /profile/browse /profile/{id:int} /profile/me",
+		new(ProfileController), myDB) // IMPORTANT
+
+	app.Run(iris.Addr(":8080"))
+}
+
+// UserModel our example model which will render on the template.
+type UserModel struct {
+	ID       int64
+	Username string
+}
+
+// DB is our example database.
+type DB struct {
+	usersTable map[int64]UserModel
+	mu         sync.RWMutex
+}
+
+// GetUserByID imaginary database lookup based on user id.
+func (db *DB) GetUserByID(id int64) (u UserModel, found bool) {
+	db.mu.RLock()
+	u, found = db.usersTable[id]
+	db.mu.RUnlock()
+	return
+}
+
+var myDB = &DB{
+	usersTable: map[int64]UserModel{
+		1:  {1, "kataras"},
+		2:  {2, "makis"},
+		42: {42, "jdoe"},
+	},
+}
+
+// ProfileController our example user controller which controls
+// the paths of "/profile" "/profile/{id:int}" and "/profile/me".
+type ProfileController struct {
+	mvc.Controller // IMPORTANT
+
+	User UserModel `iris:"model"`
+	// we will bind it but you can also tag it with`iris:"persistence"`
+	// and init the controller with manual &PorifleController{DB: myDB}.
+	DB *DB
+}
+
+// Get method handles all "GET" HTTP Method requests of the controller's paths.
+func (pc *ProfileController) Get() { // IMPORTANT
+	path := pc.Path
+
+	// requested: /profile path
+	if path == "/profile" {
+		pc.Tmpl = "profile/index.html"
+		return
+	}
+	// requested: /profile/browse
+	// this exists only to proof the concept of changing the path:
+	// it will result to a redirection.
+	if path == "/profile/browse" {
+		pc.Path = "/profile"
+		return
+	}
+
+	// requested: /profile/me path
+	if path == "/profile/me" {
+		pc.Tmpl = "profile/me.html"
+		return
+	}
+
+	// requested: /profile/$ID
+	id, _ := pc.Params.GetInt64("id")
+
+	user, found := pc.DB.GetUserByID(id)
+	if !found {
+		pc.Status = iris.StatusNotFound
+		pc.Tmpl = "profile/notfound.html"
+		pc.Data["ID"] = id
+		return
+	}
+
+	pc.Tmpl = "profile/profile.html"
+	pc.User = user
+}
+
+
+/*
+func (pc *ProfileController) Post() {}
+func (pc *ProfileController) Put() {}
+func (pc *ProfileController) Delete() {}
+func (pc *ProfileController) Connect() {}
+func (pc *ProfileController) Head() {}
+func (pc *ProfileController) Patch() {}
+func (pc *ProfileController) Options() {}
+func (pc *ProfileController) Trace() {}
+*/
+
+/*
+func (pc *ProfileController) All() {}
+//        OR
+func (pc *ProfileController) Any() {}
+*/
+```
+
+Iris web framework supports Request data, Models, Persistence Data and Binding
+with the fastest possible execution.
+
+**Characteristics**
+
+All HTTP Methods are supported, for example if want to serve `GET`
+then the controller should have a function named `Get()`,
+you can define more than one method function to serve in the same Controller struct.
+
+Persistence data inside your Controller struct (share data between requests)
+via `iris:"persistence"` tag right to the field or Bind using `app.Controller("/" , new(myController), theBindValue)`.
+
+Models inside your Controller struct (set-ed at the Method function and rendered by the View)
+via `iris:"model"` tag right to the field, i.e ```User UserModel `iris:"model" name:"user"` ``` view will recognise it as `{{.user}}`.
+If `name` tag is missing then it takes the field's name, in this case the `"User"`.
+
+Access to the request path and its parameters via the `Path and Params` fields.
+
+Access to the template file that should be rendered via the `Tmpl` field.
+
+Access to the template data that should be rendered inside
+the template file via `Data` field.
+
+Access to the template layout via the `Layout` field.
+
+Access to the low-level `context.Context` via the `Ctx` field.
+
+Flow as you used to, `Controllers` can be registered to any `Party`,
+including Subdomains, the Party's begin and done handlers work as expected.
+
+Optional `BeginRequest(ctx)` function to perform any initialization before the method execution,
+useful to call middlewares or when many methods use the same collection of data.
+
+Optional `EndRequest(ctx)` function to perform any finalization after any method executed.
+
+Inheritance, see for example our `mvc.SessionController`, it has the `mvc.Controller` as an embedded field
+and it adds its logic to its `BeginRequest`, [here](https://github.com/kataras/iris/blob/master/mvc/session_controller.go). 
+
+**Using Iris MVC for code reuse** 
+
+By creating components that are independent of one another, developers are able to reuse components quickly and easily in other applications. The same (or similar) view for one application can be refactored for another application with different data because the view is simply handling how the data is being displayed to the user.
+
+If you're new to back-end web development read about the MVC architectural pattern first, a good start is that [wikipedia article](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Model%E2%80%93view%E2%80%93controller).
+
+
+Follow the examples below,
+
+- [Hello world](_examples/mvc/hello-world/main.go)
+- [Session Controller](_examples/mvc/session-controller/main.go)
+- [A simple but featured Controller with model and views](_examples/mvc/controller-with-model-and-view).
+
+### Bugs
+
+Fix [#723](https://github.com/kataras/iris/issues/723) reported by @speedwheel.
+
+
 # Mo, 14 August 2017 | v8.2.6
 
 Able to call done/end handlers inside a `Controller`, via optional `EndRequest(ctx context.Context)` function inside the controller struct.
@@ -49,8 +266,8 @@ Our `Controller` supports many things among them are:
 
 - all HTTP Methods are supported, for example if want to serve `GET` then the controller should have a function named `Get()`, you can define more than one method function to serve in the same Controller struct
 - `persistence` data inside your Controller struct (share data between requests) via **`iris:"persistence"`** tag right to the field
-- optional `Init(ctx) or BeginRequest(ctx)` function to perform any initialization before the methods, useful to call middlewares or when many methods use the same collection of data
-- optional `Done(ctx) or EndRequest(ctx)` function to perform any finalization after the methods executed
+- optional `BeginRequest(ctx)` function to perform any initialization before the methods, useful to call middlewares or when many methods use the same collection of data
+- optional `EndRequest(ctx)` function to perform any finalization after the methods executed
 - access to the request path parameters via the `Params` field
 - access to the template file that should be rendered via the `Tmpl` field
 - access to the template data that should be rendered inside the template file via `Data` field
@@ -96,7 +313,7 @@ import (
 
 // Index is our index example controller.
 type Index struct {
-    router.Controller
+    mvc.Controller
     // if you're using go1.9: 
     // you can omit the /core/router import statement
     // and just use the `iris.Controller` instead.
@@ -116,7 +333,7 @@ func (c *Index) Post() {}
 
 > Tip: declare a func(c *Index) All() {} or Any() to register all HTTP Methods.
 
-A full example can be found at the [_examples/routing/mvc](_examples/routing/mvc) folder.
+A full example can be found at the [_examples/mvc](_examples/mvc) folder.
 
 
 # Sa, 12 August 2017 | v8.2.4
diff --git a/README.md b/README.md
index 9b118b59..687f9f6c 100644
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@@ -4,9 +4,22 @@
 <img src="iris_the_new_machine.gif">
 </p>
 
+**Powered by [KeyCDN](https://www.keycdn.com/)**, A Simple, Fast and Reliable CDN.
+
 Iris is a fast, simple and efficient micro web framework for Go. It provides a beautifully expressive and easy to use foundation for your next website, API, or distributed app.
 
-[Star or watch](https://github.com/kataras/iris/stargazers) this repository, it is still in **active development mode**.
+We have no doubt you will able to find other web frameworks written in Golang
+and even put a real fight to learn and use them for quite some time but
+make no mistake, sooner or later you'll be using Iris, no because of the ergonomic  high-performant solution that it provides but its well-documented unique features are these will transform you to a real rockstar geek. 
+
+No matter what you're trying to build, Iris takes cover 
+every type of applications, from micro services to large monolithic web applications.
+It's actually the best piece of software for back-end web developers
+you could ever find online.
+
+Iris may have reached version 8, but we're not stopping there. We have many feature ideas on our board that we're anxious to add and other innovative web development solutions that we're planning to build into Iris.
+
+[Star or watch](https://github.com/kataras/iris/stargazers) this repository to stay updated at general technology progress. It's the only thing we ask from you, it's our sign.
 
 <!-- [![total used by](http://iris-go.com/graph?style=flat-square)](http://iris-go.com/graph) -->
 [![build status](https://img.shields.io/travis/kataras/iris/master.svg?style=flat-square)](https://travis-ci.org/kataras/iris)
@@ -18,7 +31,6 @@ Iris is a fast, simple and efficient micro web framework for Go. It provides a b
 
 <!-- has issues, the img.shields.io's API is problematic for this resource: [![issue stats](https://img.shields.io/issuestats/i/github/kataras/iris.svg?style=flat-square)](https://github.com/kataras/iris/issues?q=is%3Aissue+is%3Aclosed) -->
 <!-- [![godocs](https://img.shields.io/badge/godocs-8.x.x-0366d6.svg?style=flat-square)](https://godoc.org/github.com/kataras/iris) -->
-
 <p>
 <img src="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/smallnest/go-web-framework-benchmark/4db507a22c964c9bc9774c5b31afdc199a0fe8b7/benchmark.png" alt="Third-party source for transparency." />
 </p>
@@ -30,7 +42,8 @@ Iris is a fast, simple and efficient micro web framework for Go. It provides a b
 * [Learn](#-learn)
 	* [HTTP Listening](_examples/#http-listening)
 	* [Configuration](_examples/#configuration)
-	* [Routing, Grouping, Controllers, Dynamic Path Parameters, "Macros" and Custom Context](_examples/#routing-grouping-dynamic-path-parameters-macros-and-custom-context)
+	* [Routing, Grouping, Dynamic Path Parameters, "Macros" and Custom Context](_examples/#routing-grouping-dynamic-path-parameters-macros-and-custom-context)
+	* [MVC (Model View Controller)](_examples/#mvc)
 	* [Subdomains](_examples/#subdomains)
 	* [Wrap `http.Handler/HandlerFunc`](_examples/#convert-httphandlerhandlerfunc)
 	* [View](_examples/#view)
@@ -248,7 +261,7 @@ Compared to the rest open source projects, this one is very active and you get a
 	* Remove trailing slash from the URL with option to redirect
 	* Virtual hosts and subdomains made easy
 	* Group API's and static or even dynamic subdomains
-	* MVC [**NEW**](_examples/routing/mvc)
+	* MVC [**NEW**](_examples/mvc)
 	* `net/http` and `negroni-like` handlers are compatible via `iris.FromStd` 
 	* Register custom handlers for any HTTP error
 	* Transactions and rollback when you need it
@@ -313,17 +326,19 @@ The most useful community repository for _iris_ developers is the
 $ go get -u github.com/iris-contrib/middleware/...
 ```
 
-#### 📈 One and a half years with You...
+#### 📈 One and a half years...
 
-- 7210 github stars
+[![total used by](http://iris-go.com/graph?style=flat-square)](http://iris-go.com/graph) 
+
+Iris exceeded all expectations, started as one-man project.
+
+- 7288 github stars
 - 766 github forks
 - 1m total views at its documentation
-- ~800$ at donations (there're a lot for a golang open-source project, thanks to you)
+- ~800$ at donations, small amount for the work we put here but it's a good start
 - ~554 reported bugs fixed
 - ~30 community feature requests have been implemented
 
-Thank You for your trust!
-
 ### 📌 Version
 
 Current: [VERSION](VERSION)
@@ -354,12 +369,23 @@ Employers that are looking for brilliant Software Engineers with good experience
 
 ### 🥇 People
 
-The original author of _iris_ is [Gerasimos Maropoulos](https://medium.com/@kataras)
+The original author of _Iris_ is [@kataras](https://github.com/kataras), you can reach him via
+- [Medium](https://medium.com/@kataras)
+- [Twitter](https://twitter.com/makismaropoulos)
+- [Dev.to](https://dev.to/@kataras)
+- [Facebook](https://facebook.com/kataras.gopher)
+- [Mail](mailto:kataras2006@hotmail.com?subject=Iris%20I%20need%20some%20help%20please)
 
-The current lead maintainer is [Bill Qeras, Jr.](https://github.com/hiveminded)
+[List of all Authors](AUTHORS)
 
-[List of all contributors](https://github.com/kataras/iris/graphs/contributors)
+[List of all Contributors](https://github.com/kataras/iris/graphs/contributors)
 
-Help this project to continue deliver awesome and unique features with the higher code quality as possible
+Help this project to continue deliver awesome and unique features with the higher code quality as possible by donating any amount
 
-[![](https://www.paypalobjects.com/en_US/i/btn/btn_donateCC_LG.gif)](https://www.paypal.com/cgi-bin/webscr?cmd=_donations&business=kataras2006%40hotmail%2ecom&lc=GR&item_name=Iris%20web%20framework&item_number=iriswebframeworkdonationid2016&currency_code=EUR&bn=PP%2dDonationsBF%3abtn_donateCC_LG%2egif%3aNonHosted)
\ No newline at end of file
+[![](https://www.paypalobjects.com/en_US/i/btn/btn_donateCC_LG.gif)](https://www.paypal.com/cgi-bin/webscr?cmd=_donations&business=kataras2006%40hotmail%2ecom&lc=GR&item_name=Iris%20web%20framework&item_number=iriswebframeworkdonationid2016&currency_code=EUR&bn=PP%2dDonationsBF%3abtn_donateCC_LG%2egif%3aNonHosted)
+
+## License
+
+This software is licensed under the open-source 3-Clause BSD.
+
+You can find the license file [here](LICENSE), for any questions regarding the license please [contact](mailto:kataras2006@hotmail.com?subject=Iris%20License) us.
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/VERSION b/VERSION
index 98f0b636..74455118 100644
--- a/VERSION
+++ b/VERSION
@@ -1 +1 @@
-8.2.6:https://github.com/kataras/iris/blob/master/HISTORY.md#mo-14-august-2017--v826
\ No newline at end of file
+8.3.0:https://github.com/kataras/iris/blob/master/HISTORY.md#fr-18-august-2017--v830
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/_examples/README.md b/_examples/README.md
index 32ee5fb5..4a25e898 100644
--- a/_examples/README.md
+++ b/_examples/README.md
@@ -82,7 +82,7 @@ Navigate through examples for a better understanding.
 
 - [Overview](routing/overview/main.go)
 - [Basic](routing/basic/main.go)
-- [Controllers](routing/mvc)
+- [Controllers](mvc)
 - [Custom HTTP Errors](routing/http-errors/main.go)
 - [Dynamic Path](routing/dynamic-path/main.go)
     * [root level wildcard path](routing/dynamic-path/root-wildcard/main.go)
@@ -93,6 +93,66 @@ Navigate through examples for a better understanding.
     * [new implementation](routing/custom-context/new-implementation/main.go)
 - [Route State](routing/route-state/main.go)
 
+### MVC
+
+![](mvc/web_mvc_diagram.png)
+
+Iris has **first-class support for the MVC (Model View Controller) pattern**, you'll not find
+these stuff anywhere else in the Go world.
+
+Iris web framework supports Request data, Models, Persistence Data and Binding
+with the fastest possible execution.
+
+**Characteristics**
+
+All HTTP Methods are supported, for example if want to serve `GET`
+then the controller should have a function named `Get()`,
+you can define more than one method function to serve in the same Controller struct.
+
+Persistence data inside your Controller struct (share data between requests)
+via `iris:"persistence"` tag right to the field or Bind using `app.Controller("/" , new(myController), theBindValue)`.
+
+Models inside your Controller struct (set-ed at the Method function and rendered by the View)
+via `iris:"model"` tag right to the field, i.e ```User UserModel `iris:"model" name:"user"` ``` view will recognise it as `{{.user}}`.
+If `name` tag is missing then it takes the field's name, in this case the `"User"`.
+
+Access to the request path and its parameters via the `Path and Params` fields.
+
+Access to the template file that should be rendered via the `Tmpl` field.
+
+Access to the template data that should be rendered inside
+the template file via `Data` field.
+
+Access to the template layout via the `Layout` field.
+
+Access to the low-level `context.Context` via the `Ctx` field.
+
+Flow as you used to, `Controllers` can be registered to any `Party`,
+including Subdomains, the Party's begin and done handlers work as expected.
+
+Optional `BeginRequest(ctx)` function to perform any initialization before the method execution,
+useful to call middlewares or when many methods use the same collection of data.
+
+Optional `EndRequest(ctx)` function to perform any finalization after any method executed.
+
+Inheritance, see for example our `mvc.SessionController`, it has the `mvc.Controller` as an embedded field
+and it adds its logic to its `BeginRequest`, [here](https://github.com/kataras/iris/blob/master/mvc/session_controller.go). 
+
+**Using Iris MVC for code reuse** 
+
+By creating components that are independent of one another, developers are able to reuse components quickly and easily in other applications. The same (or similar) view for one application can be refactored for another application with different data because the view is simply handling how the data is being displayed to the user.
+
+If you're new to back-end web development read about the MVC architectural pattern first, a good start is that [wikipedia article](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Model%E2%80%93view%E2%80%93controller).
+
+
+Follow the examples below,
+
+- [Hello world](mvc/hello-world/main.go)
+- [Session Controller](mvc/session-controller/main.go)
+- [A simple but featured Controller with model and views](mvc/controller-with-model-and-view).
+
+
+
 ### Subdomains
 
 - [Single](subdomains/single/main.go)
@@ -213,11 +273,14 @@ iris session manager lives on its own [package](https://github.com/kataras/iris/
 
 iris websocket library lives on its own [package](https://github.com/kataras/iris/tree/master/websocket).
 
+The package is designed to work with raw websockets although its API is similar to the famous [socket.io](https://socket.io). I have read an article recently and I felt very contented about my decision to design a **fast** websocket-**only** package for Iris and not a backwards socket.io-like package. You can read that article by following this link: https://medium.com/@ivanderbyl/why-you-don-t-need-socket-io-6848f1c871cd.
+
 - [Chat](websocket/chat/main.go)
 - [Native Messages](websocket/native-messages/main.go)
 - [Connection List](websocket/connectionlist/main.go)
 - [TLS Enabled](websocket/secure/main.go)
 - [Custom Raw Go Client](websocket/custom-go-client/main.go)
+- [Third-Party socket.io](websocket/third-party-socketio/main.go)
 
 > You're free to use your own favourite websockets package if you'd like so.
 
diff --git a/_examples/hello-world/main.go b/_examples/hello-world/main.go
index b5b38874..ea2713bc 100644
--- a/_examples/hello-world/main.go
+++ b/_examples/hello-world/main.go
@@ -5,13 +5,13 @@ package main
 import (
 	"github.com/kataras/iris"
 	"github.com/kataras/iris/context"
+
 	"github.com/kataras/iris/middleware/logger"
 	"github.com/kataras/iris/middleware/recover"
 )
 
 func main() {
 	app := iris.New()
-
 	// Optionally, add two built'n handlers
 	// that can recover from any http-relative panics
 	// and log the requests to the terminal.
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ func main() {
 	// Method:   GET
 	// Resource: http://localhost:8080/
 	app.Handle("GET", "/", func(ctx context.Context) {
-		ctx.HTML("<b>Hello world!</b>")
+		ctx.HTML("<b>Welcome!</b>")
 	})
 
 	// same as app.Handle("GET", "/ping", [...])
diff --git a/_examples/mvc/controller-with-model-and-view/main.go b/_examples/mvc/controller-with-model-and-view/main.go
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..39e7c578
--- /dev/null
+++ b/_examples/mvc/controller-with-model-and-view/main.go
@@ -0,0 +1,99 @@
+package main
+
+import (
+	"sync"
+
+	"github.com/kataras/iris"
+	"github.com/kataras/iris/mvc"
+)
+
+func main() {
+	app := iris.New()
+	app.RegisterView(iris.HTML("./views", ".html"))
+
+	// when we have a path separated by spaces
+	// then the Controller is registered to all of them one by one.
+	//
+	// myDB is binded to the controller's `*DB` field: use only structs and pointers.
+	app.Controller("/profile /profile/browse /profile/{id:int} /profile/me",
+		new(ProfileController), myDB) // IMPORTANT
+
+	app.Run(iris.Addr(":8080"))
+}
+
+// UserModel our example model which will render on the template.
+type UserModel struct {
+	ID       int64
+	Username string
+}
+
+// DB is our example database.
+type DB struct {
+	usersTable map[int64]UserModel
+	mu         sync.RWMutex
+}
+
+// GetUserByID imaginary database lookup based on user id.
+func (db *DB) GetUserByID(id int64) (u UserModel, found bool) {
+	db.mu.RLock()
+	u, found = db.usersTable[id]
+	db.mu.RUnlock()
+	return
+}
+
+var myDB = &DB{
+	usersTable: map[int64]UserModel{
+		1:  {1, "kataras"},
+		2:  {2, "makis"},
+		42: {42, "jdoe"},
+	},
+}
+
+// ProfileController our example user controller which controls
+// the paths of "/profile" "/profile/{id:int}" and "/profile/me".
+type ProfileController struct {
+	mvc.Controller // IMPORTANT
+
+	User UserModel `iris:"model"`
+	// we will bind it but you can also tag it with`iris:"persistence"`
+	// and init the controller with manual &PorifleController{DB: myDB}.
+	DB *DB
+}
+
+// Get method handles all "GET" HTTP Method requests of the controller's paths.
+func (pc *ProfileController) Get() { // IMPORTANT
+	path := pc.Path
+
+	// requested: /profile path
+	if path == "/profile" {
+		pc.Tmpl = "profile/index.html"
+		return
+	}
+	// requested: /profile/browse
+	// this exists only to proof the concept of changing the path:
+	// it will result to a redirection.
+	if path == "/profile/browse" {
+		pc.Path = "/profile"
+		return
+	}
+
+	// requested: /profile/me path
+	if path == "/profile/me" {
+		pc.Tmpl = "profile/me.html"
+		return
+	}
+
+	// requested: /profile/$ID
+	id, _ := pc.Params.GetInt64("id")
+
+	user, found := pc.DB.GetUserByID(id)
+	if !found {
+		pc.Status = iris.StatusNotFound
+		pc.Tmpl = "profile/notfound.html"
+		pc.Data["ID"] = id
+		return
+	}
+
+	pc.Tmpl = "profile/profile.html"
+	pc.User = user
+}
diff --git a/_examples/mvc/controller-with-model-and-view/views/profile/index.html b/_examples/mvc/controller-with-model-and-view/views/profile/index.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..7a97e7df
--- /dev/null
+++ b/_examples/mvc/controller-with-model-and-view/views/profile/index.html
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+<html>
+
+<head>
+    <title>Profile Browser</title>
+</head>
+
+<body>
+    <p>
+        This is the main page of the <b>/profile</b> path, we'd use that to browser profiles.
+    </p>
+</body>
+
+</html>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/_examples/mvc/controller-with-model-and-view/views/profile/me.html b/_examples/mvc/controller-with-model-and-view/views/profile/me.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..f60f998c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/_examples/mvc/controller-with-model-and-view/views/profile/me.html
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+<html>
+
+<head>
+    <title>My Profile</title>
+</head>
+
+<body>
+    <p>
+        This is the current's user imaginary profile space.
+    </p>
+</body>
+
+</html>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/_examples/mvc/controller-with-model-and-view/views/profile/notfound.html b/_examples/mvc/controller-with-model-and-view/views/profile/notfound.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..ca4b1986
--- /dev/null
+++ b/_examples/mvc/controller-with-model-and-view/views/profile/notfound.html
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+<html>
+
+<head>
+    <title>Not Found</title>
+</head>
+
+<body>
+    <p>
+        User with <b>{{.ID}}</b> doesn't exist!</b>
+    </p>
+</body>
+
+</html>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/_examples/mvc/controller-with-model-and-view/views/profile/profile.html b/_examples/mvc/controller-with-model-and-view/views/profile/profile.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..3d16a91e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/_examples/mvc/controller-with-model-and-view/views/profile/profile.html
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+<html>
+
+<head>
+    <title>Profile of {{.User.Username}}</title>
+</head>
+
+<body>
+    <p>
+        This is the profile of a user with ID: <b>{{.User.ID}}</b> and Username: <b>{{.User.Username}}</b>
+    </p>
+</body>
+
+</html>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/_examples/mvc/hello-world/main.go b/_examples/mvc/hello-world/main.go
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..8797db87
--- /dev/null
+++ b/_examples/mvc/hello-world/main.go
@@ -0,0 +1,105 @@
+package main
+
+import (
+	"github.com/kataras/iris"
+	"github.com/kataras/iris/mvc"
+
+	"github.com/kataras/iris/middleware/logger"
+	"github.com/kataras/iris/middleware/recover"
+)
+
+// This example is equivalent to the
+// https://github.com/kataras/iris/blob/master/_examples/hello-world/main.go
+//
+// It seems that additional code you
+// have to write doesn't worth it
+// but remember that, this example
+// does not make use of iris mvc features like
+// the Model, Persistence or the View engine neither the Session,
+// it's very simple for learning purposes,
+// probably you'll never use such
+// as simple controller anywhere in your app.
+//
+// The cost we have on this example for using MVC
+// on the "/hello" path which serves JSON
+// is ~2MB per 20MB throughput on my personal laptop,
+// it's tolerated for the majority of the applications
+// but you can choose
+// what suits you best with Iris, low-level handlers: performance
+// or high-level controllers: easier to maintain and smaller codebase on large applications.
+
+func main() {
+	app := iris.New()
+	// Optionally, add two built'n handlers
+	// that can recover from any http-relative panics
+	// and log the requests to the terminal.
+	app.Use(recover.New())
+	app.Use(logger.New())
+
+	app.Controller("/", new(IndexController))
+	app.Controller("/ping", new(PingController))
+	app.Controller("/hello", new(HelloController))
+
+	// http://localhost:8080
+	// http://localhost:8080/ping
+	// http://localhost:8080/hello
+	app.Run(iris.Addr(":8080"))
+}
+
+// IndexController serves the "/".
+type IndexController struct {
+	// if you build with go1.9 you can omit the import of mvc package
+	// and just use `iris.Controller` instead.
+	mvc.Controller
+}
+
+// Get serves
+// Method:   GET
+// Resource: http://localhost:8080/
+func (c *IndexController) Get() {
+	c.Ctx.HTML("<b>Welcome!</b>")
+}
+
+// PingController serves the "/ping".
+type PingController struct {
+	mvc.Controller
+}
+
+// Get serves
+// Method:   GET
+// Resource: http://context:8080/ping
+func (c *PingController) Get() {
+	c.Ctx.WriteString("pong")
+}
+
+// HelloController serves the "/hello".
+type HelloController struct {
+	mvc.Controller
+}
+
+// Get serves
+// Method:   GET
+// Resource: http://localhost:8080/hello
+func (c *HelloController) Get() {
+	c.Ctx.JSON(iris.Map{"message": "Hello iris web framework."})
+}
+
+/* Can use more than one, the factory will make sure
+that the correct http methods are being registered for each route
+for this controller, uncomment these if you want:
+
+func (c *HelloController) Post() {}
+func (c *HelloController) Put() {}
+func (c *HelloController) Delete() {}
+func (c *HelloController) Connect() {}
+func (c *HelloController) Head() {}
+func (c *HelloController) Patch() {}
+func (c *HelloController) Options() {}
+func (c *HelloController) Trace() {}
+*/
+
+/*
+func (c *HelloController) All() {}
+//        OR
+func (c *HelloController) Any() {}
+*/
diff --git a/_examples/mvc/session-controller/main.go b/_examples/mvc/session-controller/main.go
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..0e3e16d4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/_examples/mvc/session-controller/main.go
@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+package main
+
+import (
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/kataras/iris"
+	"github.com/kataras/iris/mvc"
+
+	"github.com/kataras/iris/sessions"
+)
+
+type VisitController struct {
+	// if you build with go1.9 you can omit the import of mvc package
+	// and just use `iris.Controller` instead.
+	mvc.SessionController
+
+	StartTime time.Time
+}
+
+func (u *VisitController) Get() {
+	// get the visits, before calcuate this new one.
+	visits, _ := u.Session.GetIntDefault("visits", 0)
+
+	// increment the visits counter and set them to the session.
+	visits++
+	u.Session.Set("visits", visits)
+
+	// write the current, updated visits
+	u.Ctx.Writef("%d visits in %0.1f seconds", visits, time.Now().Sub(u.StartTime).Seconds())
+}
+
+func main() {
+	mySessionManager := sessions.New(sessions.Config{Cookie: "mysession_cookie_name"})
+
+	app := iris.New()
+
+	// bind our session manager, which is required, to the `VisitController.SessionManager.Manager`
+	// and the time.Now() to the `VisitController.StartTime`.
+	app.Controller("/", new(VisitController), mySessionManager, time.Now())
+
+	// 1. open the browser (no in private mode)
+	// 2. navigate to http://localhost:8080
+	// 3. refresh the page some times
+	// 4. close the browser
+	// 5. re-open the browser and re-play 2.
+	app.Run(iris.Addr(":8080"), iris.WithoutVersionChecker)
+}
diff --git a/_examples/mvc/web_mvc_diagram.png b/_examples/mvc/web_mvc_diagram.png
new file mode 100644
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HcmV?d00001

diff --git a/_examples/routing/mvc/controllers/index.go b/_examples/routing/mvc/controllers/index.go
deleted file mode 100644
index 5b27b013..00000000
--- a/_examples/routing/mvc/controllers/index.go
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,18 +0,0 @@
-// +build !go1.9
-
-package controllers
-
-import (
-	"github.com/kataras/iris/core/router"
-)
-
-// Index is our index example controller.
-type Index struct {
-	router.Controller
-}
-
-func (c *Index) Get() {
-	c.Tmpl = "index.html"
-	c.Data["title"] = "Index page"
-	c.Data["message"] = "Hello world!"
-}
diff --git a/_examples/routing/mvc/controllers/index_go19.go b/_examples/routing/mvc/controllers/index_go19.go
deleted file mode 100644
index 057dff91..00000000
--- a/_examples/routing/mvc/controllers/index_go19.go
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,18 +0,0 @@
-// +build go1.9
-
-package controllers
-
-import (
-	"github.com/kataras/iris"
-)
-
-// Index is our index example controller.
-type Index struct {
-	iris.Controller
-}
-
-func (c *Index) Get() {
-	c.Tmpl = "index.html"
-	c.Data["title"] = "Index page"
-	c.Data["message"] = "Hello world!"
-}
diff --git a/_examples/routing/mvc/controllers/user.go b/_examples/routing/mvc/controllers/user.go
deleted file mode 100644
index 6969b164..00000000
--- a/_examples/routing/mvc/controllers/user.go
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,62 +0,0 @@
-// +build !go1.9
-
-package controllers
-
-import (
-	"time"
-
-	"github.com/kataras/iris/_examples/routing/mvc/persistence"
-
-	"github.com/kataras/iris/core/router"
-)
-
-// User is our user example controller.
-type User struct {
-	router.Controller
-
-	// All fields with pointers(*) that are not nil
-	// and all fields that are tagged with iris:"persistence"`
-	// are being persistence and kept between the different requests,
-	// meaning that these data will not be reset-ed on each new request,
-	// they will be the same for all requests.
-	CreatedAt time.Time             `iris:"persistence"`
-	Title     string                `iris:"persistence"`
-	DB        *persistence.Database `iris:"persistence"`
-}
-
-func NewUserController(db *persistence.Database) *User {
-	return &User{
-		CreatedAt: time.Now(),
-		Title:     "User page",
-		DB:        db,
-	}
-}
-
-// Get serves using the User controller when HTTP Method is "GET".
-func (c *User) Get() {
-	c.Tmpl = "user/index.html"
-	c.Data["title"] = c.Title
-	c.Data["username"] = "kataras " + c.Params.Get("userid")
-	c.Data["connstring"] = c.DB.Connstring
-	c.Data["uptime"] = time.Now().Sub(c.CreatedAt).Seconds()
-}
-
-/* Can use more than one, the factory will make sure
-that the correct http methods are being registered  for this
-controller, uncommend these if you want:
-
-func (c *User) Post() {}
-func (c *User) Put() {}
-func (c *User) Delete() {}
-func (c *User) Connect() {}
-func (c *User) Head() {}
-func (c *User) Patch() {}
-func (c *User) Options() {}
-func (c *User) Trace() {}
-*/
-
-/*
-func (c *User) All() {}
-//        OR
-func (c *User) Any() {}
-*/
diff --git a/_examples/routing/mvc/controllers/user_go19.go b/_examples/routing/mvc/controllers/user_go19.go
deleted file mode 100644
index 21504729..00000000
--- a/_examples/routing/mvc/controllers/user_go19.go
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,81 +0,0 @@
-// +build go1.9
-
-package controllers
-
-import (
-	"time"
-
-	"github.com/kataras/iris"
-	"github.com/kataras/iris/sessions"
-)
-
-// User is our user example controller.
-type User struct {
-	iris.Controller
-
-	// All fields with pointers(*) that are not nil
-	// and all fields that are tagged with iris:"persistence"`
-	// are being persistence and kept between the different requests,
-	// meaning that these data will not be reset-ed on each new request,
-	// they will be the same for all requests.
-	CreatedAt      time.Time          `iris:"persistence"`
-	Title          string             `iris:"persistence"`
-	SessionManager *sessions.Sessions `iris:"persistence"`
-
-	Session *sessions.Session // not persistence
-}
-
-func NewUserController(sess *sessions.Sessions) *User {
-	return &User{
-		SessionManager: sess,
-		CreatedAt:      time.Now(),
-		Title:          "User page",
-	}
-}
-
-// Init can be used as a custom function
-// to init the new instance of controller
-// that is created on each new request.
-//
-// Useful when more than one methods are using the same
-// request data.
-func (c *User) Init(ctx iris.Context) {
-	c.Session = c.SessionManager.Start(ctx)
-	// println("session id: " + c.Session.ID())
-}
-
-// Get serves using the User controller when HTTP Method is "GET".
-func (c *User) Get() {
-	c.Tmpl = "user/index.html"
-	c.Data["title"] = c.Title
-	c.Data["username"] = "kataras " + c.Params.Get("userid")
-	c.Data["uptime"] = time.Now().Sub(c.CreatedAt).Seconds()
-
-	visits, err := c.Session.GetInt("visit_count")
-	if err != nil {
-		visits = 0
-	}
-	visits++
-	c.Session.Set("visit_count", visits)
-	c.Data["visit_count"] = visits
-}
-
-/* Can use more than one, the factory will make sure
-that the correct http methods are being registered  for this
-controller, uncommend these if you want:
-
-func (c *User) Post() {}
-func (c *User) Put() {}
-func (c *User) Delete() {}
-func (c *User) Connect() {}
-func (c *User) Head() {}
-func (c *User) Patch() {}
-func (c *User) Options() {}
-func (c *User) Trace() {}
-*/
-
-/*
-func (c *User) All() {}
-//        OR
-func (c *User) Any() {}
-*/
diff --git a/_examples/routing/mvc/main.go b/_examples/routing/mvc/main.go
deleted file mode 100644
index 2da23935..00000000
--- a/_examples/routing/mvc/main.go
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,25 +0,0 @@
-// +build !go1.9
-
-package main
-
-import (
-	"github.com/kataras/iris/_examples/routing/mvc/controllers"
-	"github.com/kataras/iris/_examples/routing/mvc/persistence"
-
-	"github.com/kataras/iris"
-)
-
-func main() {
-	app := iris.New()
-	app.RegisterView(iris.HTML("./views", ".html"))
-
-	db := persistence.OpenDatabase("a fake db")
-
-	app.Controller("/", new(controllers.Index))
-
-	app.Controller("/user/{userid:int}", controllers.NewUserController(db))
-
-	// http://localhost:8080/
-	// http://localhost:8080/user/42
-	app.Run(iris.Addr(":8080"))
-}
diff --git a/_examples/routing/mvc/main_go19.go b/_examples/routing/mvc/main_go19.go
deleted file mode 100644
index 433d3d71..00000000
--- a/_examples/routing/mvc/main_go19.go
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,28 +0,0 @@
-// +build go1.9
-
-package main
-
-import (
-	"github.com/kataras/iris/_examples/routing/mvc/controllers"
-
-	"github.com/kataras/iris"
-	"github.com/kataras/iris/sessions"
-	"github.com/kataras/iris/sessions/sessiondb/boltdb"
-)
-
-func main() {
-	app := iris.New()
-	app.RegisterView(iris.HTML("./views", ".html"))
-
-	sessionDb, _ := boltdb.New("./sessions/sessions.db", 0666, "users")
-	sess := sessions.New(sessions.Config{Cookie: "sessionscookieid"})
-	sess.UseDatabase(sessionDb.Async(true))
-
-	app.Controller("/", new(controllers.Index))
-
-	app.Controller("/user/{userid:int}", controllers.NewUserController(sess))
-
-	// http://localhost:8080/
-	// http://localhost:8080/user/42
-	app.Run(iris.Addr(":8080"))
-}
diff --git a/_examples/routing/mvc/models/user.go b/_examples/routing/mvc/models/user.go
deleted file mode 100644
index ab09ede0..00000000
--- a/_examples/routing/mvc/models/user.go
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,15 +0,0 @@
-package models
-
-import (
-	"time"
-)
-
-// User is an example model.
-type User struct {
-	ID        int64
-	Username  string
-	Firstname string
-	Lastname  string
-	CreatedAt time.Time
-	UpdatedAt time.Time
-}
diff --git a/_examples/routing/mvc/persistence/database.go b/_examples/routing/mvc/persistence/database.go
deleted file mode 100644
index 8de23178..00000000
--- a/_examples/routing/mvc/persistence/database.go
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,10 +0,0 @@
-package persistence
-
-// Database is our imaginary storage.
-type Database struct {
-	Connstring string
-}
-
-func OpenDatabase(connstring string) *Database {
-	return &Database{Connstring: connstring}
-}
diff --git a/_examples/routing/mvc/views/index.html b/_examples/routing/mvc/views/index.html
deleted file mode 100644
index 34826bf1..00000000
--- a/_examples/routing/mvc/views/index.html
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,11 +0,0 @@
-<html>
-
-<head>
-    <title>{{.title}}</title>
-</head>
-
-<body>
-    <h1>{{.message}}</h1>
-</body>
-
-</html>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/_examples/routing/mvc/views/user/index.html b/_examples/routing/mvc/views/user/index.html
deleted file mode 100644
index 783a3629..00000000
--- a/_examples/routing/mvc/views/user/index.html
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,18 +0,0 @@
-<html>
-
-<head>
-    <title>{{.title}}</title>
-</head>
-
-<body>
-    <h1> Hello {{.username}} </h1>
-
-
-    All fields inside a controller that are pointers or they tagged as `iris:"persistence"` are marked as persistence data, meaning
-    that they will not be reset-ed on each new request.
-    <h3>Persistence data from *DB.Connstring: {{.connstring}} </h3>
-    <h3>Persistence data from CreatedAt `iris:"persistence"`: {{.uptime}} seconds </h3>
-    <h3>{{.visit_count}}
-</body>
-
-</html>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/_examples/tutorial/mvc-from-scratch/README.md b/_examples/tutorial/mvc-from-scratch/README.md
index 13c041b5..f52344fa 100644
--- a/_examples/tutorial/mvc-from-scratch/README.md
+++ b/_examples/tutorial/mvc-from-scratch/README.md
@@ -1,99 +1,130 @@
 # Controllers from scratch
 
-This example folder shows how I started to develop
-the Controller idea inside the Iris web framework itself.
+This folder shows how [@kataras](https://github.com/kataras) started to develop
+the MVC idea inside the Iris web framework itself.
 
-Now it's built'n feature and can be used as:
+**Now** it has been enhanced and it's a **built'n** feature and can be used as:
 
 ```go
-// +build go1.9
-
-// file main.go
 package main
 
 import (
-    "github.com/kataras/iris/_examples/routing/mvc/persistence"
+	"sync"
 
-    "github.com/kataras/iris"
+	"github.com/kataras/iris"
+	"github.com/kataras/iris/mvc"
 )
 
 func main() {
-    app := iris.New()
-    app.RegisterView(iris.HTML("./views", ".html"))
+	app := iris.New()
+	app.RegisterView(iris.HTML("./views", ".html"))
 
-    db := persistence.OpenDatabase("a fake db")
+	// when we have a path separated by spaces
+	// then the Controller is registered to all of them one by one.
+	//
+	// myDB is binded to the controller's `*DB` field: use only structs and pointers.
+	app.Controller("/profile /profile/browse /profile/{id:int} /profile/me",
+		new(ProfileController), myDB) // IMPORTANT
 
-    app.Controller("/user/{userid:int}", NewUserController(db))
-
-	// http://localhost:8080/
-    // http://localhost:8080/user/42
-    app.Run(iris.Addr(":8080"))
-}
-```
-
-```go
-// +build go1.9
-
-// file user_controller.go
-package main
-
-import (
-    "time"
-
-    "github.com/kataras/iris/_examples/routing/mvc/persistence"
-
-    "github.com/kataras/iris"
-)
-
-// User is our user example controller.
-type UserController struct {
-    iris.Controller
-
-	// All fields that are tagged with iris:"persistence"`
-	// are being persistence and kept between the different requests,
-	// meaning that these data will not be reset-ed on each new request,
-	// they will be the same for all requests.
-    CreatedAt time.Time             `iris:"persistence"`
-    Title     string                `iris:"persistence"`
-    DB        *persistence.Database `iris:"persistence"`
+	app.Run(iris.Addr(":8080"))
 }
 
-func NewUserController(db *persistence.Database) *User {
-    return &UserController{
-        CreatedAt: time.Now(),
-        Title:     "User page",
-        DB:        db,
-    }
+// UserModel our example model which will render on the template.
+type UserModel struct {
+	ID       int64
+	Username string
 }
 
-// Get serves using the User controller when HTTP Method is "GET".
-func (c *UserController) Get() {
-    c.Tmpl = "user/index.html"
-    c.Data["title"] = c.Title
-    c.Data["username"] = "kataras " + c.Params.Get("userid")
-    c.Data["connstring"] = c.DB.Connstring
-    c.Data["uptime"] = time.Now().Sub(c.CreatedAt).Seconds()
+// DB is our example database.
+type DB struct {
+	usersTable map[int64]UserModel
+	mu         sync.RWMutex
+}
+
+// GetUserByID imaginary database lookup based on user id.
+func (db *DB) GetUserByID(id int64) (u UserModel, found bool) {
+	db.mu.RLock()
+	u, found = db.usersTable[id]
+	db.mu.RUnlock()
+	return
+}
+
+var myDB = &DB{
+	usersTable: map[int64]UserModel{
+		1:  {1, "kataras"},
+		2:  {2, "makis"},
+		42: {42, "jdoe"},
+	},
+}
+
+// ProfileController our example user controller which controls
+// the paths of "/profile" "/profile/{id:int}" and "/profile/me".
+type ProfileController struct {
+	mvc.Controller // IMPORTANT
+
+	User UserModel `iris:"model"`
+	// we will bind it but you can also tag it with`iris:"persistence"`
+	// and init the controller with manual &PorifleController{DB: myDB}.
+	DB *DB
+}
+
+// Get method handles all "GET" HTTP Method requests of the controller's paths.
+func (pc *ProfileController) Get() { // IMPORTANT
+	path := pc.Path
+
+	// requested: /profile path
+	if path == "/profile" {
+		pc.Tmpl = "profile/index.html"
+		return
+	}
+	// requested: /profile/browse
+	// this exists only to proof the concept of changing the path:
+	// it will result to a redirection.
+	if path == "/profile/browse" {
+		pc.Path = "/profile"
+		return
+	}
+
+	// requested: /profile/me path
+	if path == "/profile/me" {
+		pc.Tmpl = "profile/me.html"
+		return
+	}
+
+	// requested: /profile/$ID
+	id, _ := pc.Params.GetInt64("id")
+
+	user, found := pc.DB.GetUserByID(id)
+	if !found {
+		pc.Status = iris.StatusNotFound
+		pc.Tmpl = "profile/notfound.html"
+		pc.Data["ID"] = id
+		return
+	}
+
+	pc.Tmpl = "profile/profile.html"
+	pc.User = user
 }
 
 /* Can use more than one, the factory will make sure
-that the correct http methods are being registered  for this
-controller, uncommend these if you want:
+that the correct http methods are being registered for each route
+for this controller, uncomment these if you want:
 
-func (c *User) Post() {}
-func (c *User) Put() {}
-func (c *User) Delete() {}
-func (c *User) Connect() {}
-func (c *User) Head() {}
-func (c *User) Patch() {}
-func (c *User) Options() {}
-func (c *User) Trace() {}
+func (pc *ProfileController) Post() {}
+func (pc *ProfileController) Put() {}
+func (pc *ProfileController) Delete() {}
+func (pc *ProfileController) Connect() {}
+func (pc *ProfileController) Head() {}
+func (pc *ProfileController) Patch() {}
+func (pc *ProfileController) Options() {}
+func (pc *ProfileController) Trace() {}
 */
 
 /*
-func (c *User) All() {}
+func (c *ProfileController) All() {}
 //        OR
-func (c *User) Any() {}
+func (c *ProfileController) Any() {}
 */
 ```
 
-Example can be found at: [_examples/routing/mvc](https://github.com/kataras/iris/tree/master/_examples/routing/mvc).
\ No newline at end of file
+Example can be found at: [_examples/mvc](https://github.com/kataras/iris/tree/master/_examples/mvc).
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/_examples/websocket/third-party-socketio/main.go b/_examples/websocket/third-party-socketio/main.go
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..e9ea5b8f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/_examples/websocket/third-party-socketio/main.go
@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+package main
+
+import (
+	"github.com/kataras/iris"
+
+	"github.com/googollee/go-socket.io"
+)
+
+/*
+	go get -u github.com/googollee/go-socket.io
+*/
+
+func main() {
+	app := iris.New()
+	server, err := socketio.NewServer(nil)
+	if err != nil {
+		app.Logger().Fatal(err)
+	}
+
+	server.On("connection", func(so socketio.Socket) {
+		app.Logger().Infof("on connection")
+		so.Join("chat")
+		so.On("chat message", func(msg string) {
+			app.Logger().Infof("emit: %v", so.Emit("chat message", msg))
+			so.BroadcastTo("chat", "chat message", msg)
+		})
+		so.On("disconnection", func() {
+			app.Logger().Infof("on disconnect")
+		})
+	})
+
+	server.On("error", func(so socketio.Socket, err error) {
+		app.Logger().Errorf("error: %v", err)
+	})
+
+	// serve the socket.io endpoint.
+	app.Any("/socket.io/{p:path}", iris.FromStd(server))
+
+	// serve the index.html and the javascript libraries at
+	// http://localhost:8080
+	app.StaticWeb("/", "./public")
+
+	app.Run(iris.Addr("localhost:8080"))
+}
diff --git a/_examples/websocket/third-party-socketio/public/index.html b/_examples/websocket/third-party-socketio/public/index.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..566ad06f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/_examples/websocket/third-party-socketio/public/index.html
@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+<!doctype html>
+<html>
+  <head>
+    <title>Socket.IO chat</title>
+    <style>
+      * { margin: 0; padding: 0; box-sizing: border-box; }
+      body { font: 13px Helvetica, Arial; }
+      form { background: #000; padding: 3px; position: fixed; bottom: 0; width: 100%; }
+      form input { border: 0; padding: 10px; width: 90%; margin-right: .5%; }
+      form button { width: 9%; background: rgb(130, 224, 255); border: none; padding: 10px; }
+      #messages { list-style-type: none; margin: 0; padding: 0; }
+      #messages li { padding: 5px 10px; }
+      #messages li:nth-child(odd) { background: #eee; }
+    </style>
+  </head>
+  <body>
+    <ul id="messages"></ul>
+    <form action="">
+      <input id="m" autocomplete="off" /><button>Send</button>
+    </form>
+    <script src="/socket.io-1.3.7.js"></script>
+    <script src="/jquery-1.11.1.js"></script>
+    <script>
+      var socket = io();
+      $('form').submit(function(){
+        socket.emit('chat message with ack', $('#m').val(), function(data){
+          $('#messages').append($('<li>').text('ACK CALLBACK: ' + data));
+        });
+        socket.emit('chat message', $('#m').val());
+        $('#m').val('');
+        return false;
+      });
+      socket.on('chat message', function(msg){
+        $('#messages').append($('<li>').text(msg));
+      });
+    </script>
+  </body>
+</html>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/_examples/websocket/third-party-socketio/public/jquery-1.11.1.js b/_examples/websocket/third-party-socketio/public/jquery-1.11.1.js
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..176d3850
--- /dev/null
+++ b/_examples/websocket/third-party-socketio/public/jquery-1.11.1.js
@@ -0,0 +1,10309 @@
+/*!
+ * jQuery JavaScript Library v1.11.1
+ * http://jquery.com/
+ *
+ * Includes Sizzle.js
+ * http://sizzlejs.com/
+ *
+ * Copyright 2005, 2014 jQuery Foundation, Inc. and other contributors
+ * Released under the MIT license
+ * http://jquery.org/license
+ *
+ * Date: 2014-05-01T17:42Z
+ */
+
+(function (global, factory) {
+
+    if (typeof module === "object" && typeof module.exports === "object") {
+        // For CommonJS and CommonJS-like environments where a proper window is present,
+        // execute the factory and get jQuery
+        // For environments that do not inherently posses a window with a document
+        // (such as Node.js), expose a jQuery-making factory as module.exports
+        // This accentuates the need for the creation of a real window
+        // e.g. var jQuery = require("jquery")(window);
+        // See ticket #14549 for more info
+        module.exports = global.document ?
+            factory(global, true) :
+            function (w) {
+                if (!w.document) {
+                    throw new Error("jQuery requires a window with a document");
+                }
+                return factory(w);
+            };
+    } else {
+        factory(global);
+    }
+
+    // Pass this if window is not defined yet
+}(typeof window !== "undefined" ? window : this, function (window, noGlobal) {
+
+    // Can't do this because several apps including ASP.NET trace
+    // the stack via arguments.caller.callee and Firefox dies if
+    // you try to trace through "use strict" call chains. (#13335)
+    // Support: Firefox 18+
+    //
+
+    var deletedIds = [];
+
+    var slice = deletedIds.slice;
+
+    var concat = deletedIds.concat;
+
+    var push = deletedIds.push;
+
+    var indexOf = deletedIds.indexOf;
+
+    var class2type = {};
+
+    var toString = class2type.toString;
+
+    var hasOwn = class2type.hasOwnProperty;
+
+    var support = {};
+
+
+
+    var
+        version = "1.11.1",
+
+        // Define a local copy of jQuery
+        jQuery = function (selector, context) {
+            // The jQuery object is actually just the init constructor 'enhanced'
+            // Need init if jQuery is called (just allow error to be thrown if not included)
+            return new jQuery.fn.init(selector, context);
+        },
+
+        // Support: Android<4.1, IE<9
+        // Make sure we trim BOM and NBSP
+        rtrim = /^[\s\uFEFF\xA0]+|[\s\uFEFF\xA0]+$/g,
+
+        // Matches dashed string for camelizing
+        rmsPrefix = /^-ms-/,
+        rdashAlpha = /-([\da-z])/gi,
+
+        // Used by jQuery.camelCase as callback to replace()
+        fcamelCase = function (all, letter) {
+            return letter.toUpperCase();
+        };
+
+    jQuery.fn = jQuery.prototype = {
+        // The current version of jQuery being used
+        jquery: version,
+
+        constructor: jQuery,
+
+        // Start with an empty selector
+        selector: "",
+
+        // The default length of a jQuery object is 0
+        length: 0,
+
+        toArray: function () {
+            return slice.call(this);
+        },
+
+        // Get the Nth element in the matched element set OR
+        // Get the whole matched element set as a clean array
+        get: function (num) {
+            return num != null ?
+
+                // Return just the one element from the set
+                (num < 0 ? this[num + this.length] : this[num]) :
+
+                // Return all the elements in a clean array
+                slice.call(this);
+        },
+
+        // Take an array of elements and push it onto the stack
+        // (returning the new matched element set)
+        pushStack: function (elems) {
+
+            // Build a new jQuery matched element set
+            var ret = jQuery.merge(this.constructor(), elems);
+
+            // Add the old object onto the stack (as a reference)
+            ret.prevObject = this;
+            ret.context = this.context;
+
+            // Return the newly-formed element set
+            return ret;
+        },
+
+        // Execute a callback for every element in the matched set.
+        // (You can seed the arguments with an array of args, but this is
+        // only used internally.)
+        each: function (callback, args) {
+            return jQuery.each(this, callback, args);
+        },
+
+        map: function (callback) {
+            return this.pushStack(jQuery.map(this, function (elem, i) {
+                return callback.call(elem, i, elem);
+            }));
+        },
+
+        slice: function () {
+            return this.pushStack(slice.apply(this, arguments));
+        },
+
+        first: function () {
+            return this.eq(0);
+        },
+
+        last: function () {
+            return this.eq(-1);
+        },
+
+        eq: function (i) {
+            var len = this.length,
+                j = +i + (i < 0 ? len : 0);
+            return this.pushStack(j >= 0 && j < len ? [this[j]] : []);
+        },
+
+        end: function () {
+            return this.prevObject || this.constructor(null);
+        },
+
+        // For internal use only.
+        // Behaves like an Array's method, not like a jQuery method.
+        push: push,
+        sort: deletedIds.sort,
+        splice: deletedIds.splice
+    };
+
+    jQuery.extend = jQuery.fn.extend = function () {
+        var src, copyIsArray, copy, name, options, clone,
+            target = arguments[0] || {},
+            i = 1,
+            length = arguments.length,
+            deep = false;
+
+        // Handle a deep copy situation
+        if (typeof target === "boolean") {
+            deep = target;
+
+            // skip the boolean and the target
+            target = arguments[i] || {};
+            i++;
+        }
+
+        // Handle case when target is a string or something (possible in deep copy)
+        if (typeof target !== "object" && !jQuery.isFunction(target)) {
+            target = {};
+        }
+
+        // extend jQuery itself if only one argument is passed
+        if (i === length) {
+            target = this;
+            i--;
+        }
+
+        for (; i < length; i++) {
+            // Only deal with non-null/undefined values
+            if ((options = arguments[i]) != null) {
+                // Extend the base object
+                for (name in options) {
+                    src = target[name];
+                    copy = options[name];
+
+                    // Prevent never-ending loop
+                    if (target === copy) {
+                        continue;
+                    }
+
+                    // Recurse if we're merging plain objects or arrays
+                    if (deep && copy && (jQuery.isPlainObject(copy) || (copyIsArray = jQuery.isArray(copy)))) {
+                        if (copyIsArray) {
+                            copyIsArray = false;
+                            clone = src && jQuery.isArray(src) ? src : [];
+
+                        } else {
+                            clone = src && jQuery.isPlainObject(src) ? src : {};
+                        }
+
+                        // Never move original objects, clone them
+                        target[name] = jQuery.extend(deep, clone, copy);
+
+                        // Don't bring in undefined values
+                    } else if (copy !== undefined) {
+                        target[name] = copy;
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        // Return the modified object
+        return target;
+    };
+
+    jQuery.extend({
+        // Unique for each copy of jQuery on the page
+        expando: "jQuery" + (version + Math.random()).replace(/\D/g, ""),
+
+        // Assume jQuery is ready without the ready module
+        isReady: true,
+
+        error: function (msg) {
+            throw new Error(msg);
+        },
+
+        noop: function () { },
+
+        // See test/unit/core.js for details concerning isFunction.
+        // Since version 1.3, DOM methods and functions like alert
+        // aren't supported. They return false on IE (#2968).
+        isFunction: function (obj) {
+            return jQuery.type(obj) === "function";
+        },
+
+        isArray: Array.isArray || function (obj) {
+            return jQuery.type(obj) === "array";
+        },
+
+        isWindow: function (obj) {
+            /* jshint eqeqeq: false */
+            return obj != null && obj == obj.window;
+        },
+
+        isNumeric: function (obj) {
+            // parseFloat NaNs numeric-cast false positives (null|true|false|"")
+            // ...but misinterprets leading-number strings, particularly hex literals ("0x...")
+            // subtraction forces infinities to NaN
+            return !jQuery.isArray(obj) && obj - parseFloat(obj) >= 0;
+        },
+
+        isEmptyObject: function (obj) {
+            var name;
+            for (name in obj) {
+                return false;
+            }
+            return true;
+        },
+
+        isPlainObject: function (obj) {
+            var key;
+
+            // Must be an Object.
+            // Because of IE, we also have to check the presence of the constructor property.
+            // Make sure that DOM nodes and window objects don't pass through, as well
+            if (!obj || jQuery.type(obj) !== "object" || obj.nodeType || jQuery.isWindow(obj)) {
+                return false;
+            }
+
+            try {
+                // Not own constructor property must be Object
+                if (obj.constructor &&
+                    !hasOwn.call(obj, "constructor") &&
+                    !hasOwn.call(obj.constructor.prototype, "isPrototypeOf")) {
+                    return false;
+                }
+            } catch (e) {
+                // IE8,9 Will throw exceptions on certain host objects #9897
+                return false;
+            }
+
+            // Support: IE<9
+            // Handle iteration over inherited properties before own properties.
+            if (support.ownLast) {
+                for (key in obj) {
+                    return hasOwn.call(obj, key);
+                }
+            }
+
+            // Own properties are enumerated firstly, so to speed up,
+            // if last one is own, then all properties are own.
+            for (key in obj) { }
+
+            return key === undefined || hasOwn.call(obj, key);
+        },
+
+        type: function (obj) {
+            if (obj == null) {
+                return obj + "";
+            }
+            return typeof obj === "object" || typeof obj === "function" ?
+                class2type[toString.call(obj)] || "object" :
+                typeof obj;
+        },
+
+        // Evaluates a script in a global context
+        // Workarounds based on findings by Jim Driscoll
+        // http://weblogs.java.net/blog/driscoll/archive/2009/09/08/eval-javascript-global-context
+        globalEval: function (data) {
+            if (data && jQuery.trim(data)) {
+                // We use execScript on Internet Explorer
+                // We use an anonymous function so that context is window
+                // rather than jQuery in Firefox
+                (window.execScript || function (data) {
+                    window["eval"].call(window, data);
+                })(data);
+            }
+        },
+
+        // Convert dashed to camelCase; used by the css and data modules
+        // Microsoft forgot to hump their vendor prefix (#9572)
+        camelCase: function (string) {
+            return string.replace(rmsPrefix, "ms-").replace(rdashAlpha, fcamelCase);
+        },
+
+        nodeName: function (elem, name) {
+            return elem.nodeName && elem.nodeName.toLowerCase() === name.toLowerCase();
+        },
+
+        // args is for internal usage only
+        each: function (obj, callback, args) {
+            var value,
+                i = 0,
+                length = obj.length,
+                isArray = isArraylike(obj);
+
+            if (args) {
+                if (isArray) {
+                    for (; i < length; i++) {
+                        value = callback.apply(obj[i], args);
+
+                        if (value === false) {
+                            break;
+                        }
+                    }
+                } else {
+                    for (i in obj) {
+                        value = callback.apply(obj[i], args);
+
+                        if (value === false) {
+                            break;
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+
+                // A special, fast, case for the most common use of each
+            } else {
+                if (isArray) {
+                    for (; i < length; i++) {
+                        value = callback.call(obj[i], i, obj[i]);
+
+                        if (value === false) {
+                            break;
+                        }
+                    }
+                } else {
+                    for (i in obj) {
+                        value = callback.call(obj[i], i, obj[i]);
+
+                        if (value === false) {
+                            break;
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+
+            return obj;
+        },
+
+        // Support: Android<4.1, IE<9
+        trim: function (text) {
+            return text == null ?
+                "" :
+                (text + "").replace(rtrim, "");
+        },
+
+        // results is for internal usage only
+        makeArray: function (arr, results) {
+            var ret = results || [];
+
+            if (arr != null) {
+                if (isArraylike(Object(arr))) {
+                    jQuery.merge(ret,
+                        typeof arr === "string" ?
+                            [arr] : arr
+                    );
+                } else {
+                    push.call(ret, arr);
+                }
+            }
+
+            return ret;
+        },
+
+        inArray: function (elem, arr, i) {
+            var len;
+
+            if (arr) {
+                if (indexOf) {
+                    return indexOf.call(arr, elem, i);
+                }
+
+                len = arr.length;
+                i = i ? i < 0 ? Math.max(0, len + i) : i : 0;
+
+                for (; i < len; i++) {
+                    // Skip accessing in sparse arrays
+                    if (i in arr && arr[i] === elem) {
+                        return i;
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+
+            return -1;
+        },
+
+        merge: function (first, second) {
+            var len = +second.length,
+                j = 0,
+                i = first.length;
+
+            while (j < len) {
+                first[i++] = second[j++];
+            }
+
+            // Support: IE<9
+            // Workaround casting of .length to NaN on otherwise arraylike objects (e.g., NodeLists)
+            if (len !== len) {
+                while (second[j] !== undefined) {
+                    first[i++] = second[j++];
+                }
+            }
+
+            first.length = i;
+
+            return first;
+        },
+
+        grep: function (elems, callback, invert) {
+            var callbackInverse,
+                matches = [],
+                i = 0,
+                length = elems.length,
+                callbackExpect = !invert;
+
+            // Go through the array, only saving the items
+            // that pass the validator function
+            for (; i < length; i++) {
+                callbackInverse = !callback(elems[i], i);
+                if (callbackInverse !== callbackExpect) {
+                    matches.push(elems[i]);
+                }
+            }
+
+            return matches;
+        },
+
+        // arg is for internal usage only
+        map: function (elems, callback, arg) {
+            var value,
+                i = 0,
+                length = elems.length,
+                isArray = isArraylike(elems),
+                ret = [];
+
+            // Go through the array, translating each of the items to their new values
+            if (isArray) {
+                for (; i < length; i++) {
+                    value = callback(elems[i], i, arg);
+
+                    if (value != null) {
+                        ret.push(value);
+                    }
+                }
+
+                // Go through every key on the object,
+            } else {
+                for (i in elems) {
+                    value = callback(elems[i], i, arg);
+
+                    if (value != null) {
+                        ret.push(value);
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+
+            // Flatten any nested arrays
+            return concat.apply([], ret);
+        },
+
+        // A global GUID counter for objects
+        guid: 1,
+
+        // Bind a function to a context, optionally partially applying any
+        // arguments.
+        proxy: function (fn, context) {
+            var args, proxy, tmp;
+
+            if (typeof context === "string") {
+                tmp = fn[context];
+                context = fn;
+                fn = tmp;
+            }
+
+            // Quick check to determine if target is callable, in the spec
+            // this throws a TypeError, but we will just return undefined.
+            if (!jQuery.isFunction(fn)) {
+                return undefined;
+            }
+
+            // Simulated bind
+            args = slice.call(arguments, 2);
+            proxy = function () {
+                return fn.apply(context || this, args.concat(slice.call(arguments)));
+            };
+
+            // Set the guid of unique handler to the same of original handler, so it can be removed
+            proxy.guid = fn.guid = fn.guid || jQuery.guid++;
+
+            return proxy;
+        },
+
+        now: function () {
+            return +(new Date());
+        },
+
+        // jQuery.support is not used in Core but other projects attach their
+        // properties to it so it needs to exist.
+        support: support
+    });
+
+    // Populate the class2type map
+    jQuery.each("Boolean Number String Function Array Date RegExp Object Error".split(" "), function (i, name) {
+        class2type["[object " + name + "]"] = name.toLowerCase();
+    });
+
+    function isArraylike(obj) {
+        var length = obj.length,
+            type = jQuery.type(obj);
+
+        if (type === "function" || jQuery.isWindow(obj)) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        if (obj.nodeType === 1 && length) {
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        return type === "array" || length === 0 ||
+            typeof length === "number" && length > 0 && (length - 1) in obj;
+    }
+    var Sizzle =
+        /*!
+         * Sizzle CSS Selector Engine v1.10.19
+         * http://sizzlejs.com/
+         *
+         * Copyright 2013 jQuery Foundation, Inc. and other contributors
+         * Released under the MIT license
+         * http://jquery.org/license
+         *
+         * Date: 2014-04-18
+         */
+        (function (window) {
+
+            var i,
+                support,
+                Expr,
+                getText,
+                isXML,
+                tokenize,
+                compile,
+                select,
+                outermostContext,
+                sortInput,
+                hasDuplicate,
+
+                // Local document vars
+                setDocument,
+                document,
+                docElem,
+                documentIsHTML,
+                rbuggyQSA,
+                rbuggyMatches,
+                matches,
+                contains,
+
+                // Instance-specific data
+                expando = "sizzle" + -(new Date()),
+                preferredDoc = window.document,
+                dirruns = 0,
+                done = 0,
+                classCache = createCache(),
+                tokenCache = createCache(),
+                compilerCache = createCache(),
+                sortOrder = function (a, b) {
+                    if (a === b) {
+                        hasDuplicate = true;
+                    }
+                    return 0;
+                },
+
+                // General-purpose constants
+                strundefined = typeof undefined,
+                MAX_NEGATIVE = 1 << 31,
+
+                // Instance methods
+                hasOwn = ({}).hasOwnProperty,
+                arr = [],
+                pop = arr.pop,
+                push_native = arr.push,
+                push = arr.push,
+                slice = arr.slice,
+                // Use a stripped-down indexOf if we can't use a native one
+                indexOf = arr.indexOf || function (elem) {
+                    var i = 0,
+                        len = this.length;
+                    for (; i < len; i++) {
+                        if (this[i] === elem) {
+                            return i;
+                        }
+                    }
+                    return -1;
+                },
+
+                booleans = "checked|selected|async|autofocus|autoplay|controls|defer|disabled|hidden|ismap|loop|multiple|open|readonly|required|scoped",
+
+                // Regular expressions
+
+                // Whitespace characters http://www.w3.org/TR/css3-selectors/#whitespace
+                whitespace = "[\\x20\\t\\r\\n\\f]",
+                // http://www.w3.org/TR/css3-syntax/#characters
+                characterEncoding = "(?:\\\\.|[\\w-]|[^\\x00-\\xa0])+",
+
+                // Loosely modeled on CSS identifier characters
+                // An unquoted value should be a CSS identifier http://www.w3.org/TR/css3-selectors/#attribute-selectors
+                // Proper syntax: http://www.w3.org/TR/CSS21/syndata.html#value-def-identifier
+                identifier = characterEncoding.replace("w", "w#"),
+
+                // Attribute selectors: http://www.w3.org/TR/selectors/#attribute-selectors
+                attributes = "\\[" + whitespace + "*(" + characterEncoding + ")(?:" + whitespace +
+                    // Operator (capture 2)
+                    "*([*^$|!~]?=)" + whitespace +
+                    // "Attribute values must be CSS identifiers [capture 5] or strings [capture 3 or capture 4]"
+                    "*(?:'((?:\\\\.|[^\\\\'])*)'|\"((?:\\\\.|[^\\\\\"])*)\"|(" + identifier + "))|)" + whitespace +
+                    "*\\]",
+
+                pseudos = ":(" + characterEncoding + ")(?:\\((" +
+                    // To reduce the number of selectors needing tokenize in the preFilter, prefer arguments:
+                    // 1. quoted (capture 3; capture 4 or capture 5)
+                    "('((?:\\\\.|[^\\\\'])*)'|\"((?:\\\\.|[^\\\\\"])*)\")|" +
+                    // 2. simple (capture 6)
+                    "((?:\\\\.|[^\\\\()[\\]]|" + attributes + ")*)|" +
+                    // 3. anything else (capture 2)
+                    ".*" +
+                    ")\\)|)",
+
+                // Leading and non-escaped trailing whitespace, capturing some non-whitespace characters preceding the latter
+                rtrim = new RegExp("^" + whitespace + "+|((?:^|[^\\\\])(?:\\\\.)*)" + whitespace + "+$", "g"),
+
+                rcomma = new RegExp("^" + whitespace + "*," + whitespace + "*"),
+                rcombinators = new RegExp("^" + whitespace + "*([>+~]|" + whitespace + ")" + whitespace + "*"),
+
+                rattributeQuotes = new RegExp("=" + whitespace + "*([^\\]'\"]*?)" + whitespace + "*\\]", "g"),
+
+                rpseudo = new RegExp(pseudos),
+                ridentifier = new RegExp("^" + identifier + "$"),
+
+                matchExpr = {
+                    "ID": new RegExp("^#(" + characterEncoding + ")"),
+                    "CLASS": new RegExp("^\\.(" + characterEncoding + ")"),
+                    "TAG": new RegExp("^(" + characterEncoding.replace("w", "w*") + ")"),
+                    "ATTR": new RegExp("^" + attributes),
+                    "PSEUDO": new RegExp("^" + pseudos),
+                    "CHILD": new RegExp("^:(only|first|last|nth|nth-last)-(child|of-type)(?:\\(" + whitespace +
+                        "*(even|odd|(([+-]|)(\\d*)n|)" + whitespace + "*(?:([+-]|)" + whitespace +
+                        "*(\\d+)|))" + whitespace + "*\\)|)", "i"),
+                    "bool": new RegExp("^(?:" + booleans + ")$", "i"),
+                    // For use in libraries implementing .is()
+                    // We use this for POS matching in `select`
+                    "needsContext": new RegExp("^" + whitespace + "*[>+~]|:(even|odd|eq|gt|lt|nth|first|last)(?:\\(" +
+                        whitespace + "*((?:-\\d)?\\d*)" + whitespace + "*\\)|)(?=[^-]|$)", "i")
+                },
+
+                rinputs = /^(?:input|select|textarea|button)$/i,
+                rheader = /^h\d$/i,
+
+                rnative = /^[^{]+\{\s*\[native \w/,
+
+                // Easily-parseable/retrievable ID or TAG or CLASS selectors
+                rquickExpr = /^(?:#([\w-]+)|(\w+)|\.([\w-]+))$/,
+
+                rsibling = /[+~]/,
+                rescape = /'|\\/g,
+
+                // CSS escapes http://www.w3.org/TR/CSS21/syndata.html#escaped-characters
+                runescape = new RegExp("\\\\([\\da-f]{1,6}" + whitespace + "?|(" + whitespace + ")|.)", "ig"),
+                funescape = function (_, escaped, escapedWhitespace) {
+                    var high = "0x" + escaped - 0x10000;
+                    // NaN means non-codepoint
+                    // Support: Firefox<24
+                    // Workaround erroneous numeric interpretation of +"0x"
+                    return high !== high || escapedWhitespace ?
+                        escaped :
+                        high < 0 ?
+                            // BMP codepoint
+                            String.fromCharCode(high + 0x10000) :
+                            // Supplemental Plane codepoint (surrogate pair)
+                            String.fromCharCode(high >> 10 | 0xD800, high & 0x3FF | 0xDC00);
+                };
+
+            // Optimize for push.apply( _, NodeList )
+            try {
+                push.apply(
+                    (arr = slice.call(preferredDoc.childNodes)),
+                    preferredDoc.childNodes
+                );
+                // Support: Android<4.0
+                // Detect silently failing push.apply
+                arr[preferredDoc.childNodes.length].nodeType;
+            } catch (e) {
+                push = {
+                    apply: arr.length ?
+
+                        // Leverage slice if possible
+                        function (target, els) {
+                            push_native.apply(target, slice.call(els));
+                        } :
+
+                        // Support: IE<9
+                        // Otherwise append directly
+                        function (target, els) {
+                            var j = target.length,
+                                i = 0;
+                            // Can't trust NodeList.length
+                            while ((target[j++] = els[i++])) { }
+                            target.length = j - 1;
+                        }
+                };
+            }
+
+            function Sizzle(selector, context, results, seed) {
+                var match, elem, m, nodeType,
+                    // QSA vars
+                    i, groups, old, nid, newContext, newSelector;
+
+                if ((context ? context.ownerDocument || context : preferredDoc) !== document) {
+                    setDocument(context);
+                }
+
+                context = context || document;
+                results = results || [];
+
+                if (!selector || typeof selector !== "string") {
+                    return results;
+                }
+
+                if ((nodeType = context.nodeType) !== 1 && nodeType !== 9) {
+                    return [];
+                }
+
+                if (documentIsHTML && !seed) {
+
+                    // Shortcuts
+                    if ((match = rquickExpr.exec(selector))) {
+                        // Speed-up: Sizzle("#ID")
+                        if ((m = match[1])) {
+                            if (nodeType === 9) {
+                                elem = context.getElementById(m);
+                                // Check parentNode to catch when Blackberry 4.6 returns
+                                // nodes that are no longer in the document (jQuery #6963)
+                                if (elem && elem.parentNode) {
+                                    // Handle the case where IE, Opera, and Webkit return items
+                                    // by name instead of ID
+                                    if (elem.id === m) {
+                                        results.push(elem);
+                                        return results;
+                                    }
+                                } else {
+                                    return results;
+                                }
+                            } else {
+                                // Context is not a document
+                                if (context.ownerDocument && (elem = context.ownerDocument.getElementById(m)) &&
+                                    contains(context, elem) && elem.id === m) {
+                                    results.push(elem);
+                                    return results;
+                                }
+                            }
+
+                            // Speed-up: Sizzle("TAG")
+                        } else if (match[2]) {
+                            push.apply(results, context.getElementsByTagName(selector));
+                            return results;
+
+                            // Speed-up: Sizzle(".CLASS")
+                        } else if ((m = match[3]) && support.getElementsByClassName && context.getElementsByClassName) {
+                            push.apply(results, context.getElementsByClassName(m));
+                            return results;
+                        }
+                    }
+
+                    // QSA path
+                    if (support.qsa && (!rbuggyQSA || !rbuggyQSA.test(selector))) {
+                        nid = old = expando;
+                        newContext = context;
+                        newSelector = nodeType === 9 && selector;
+
+                        // qSA works strangely on Element-rooted queries
+                        // We can work around this by specifying an extra ID on the root
+                        // and working up from there (Thanks to Andrew Dupont for the technique)
+                        // IE 8 doesn't work on object elements
+                        if (nodeType === 1 && context.nodeName.toLowerCase() !== "object") {
+                            groups = tokenize(selector);
+
+                            if ((old = context.getAttribute("id"))) {
+                                nid = old.replace(rescape, "\\$&");
+                            } else {
+                                context.setAttribute("id", nid);
+                            }
+                            nid = "[id='" + nid + "'] ";
+
+                            i = groups.length;
+                            while (i--) {
+                                groups[i] = nid + toSelector(groups[i]);
+                            }
+                            newContext = rsibling.test(selector) && testContext(context.parentNode) || context;
+                            newSelector = groups.join(",");
+                        }
+
+                        if (newSelector) {
+                            try {
+                                push.apply(results,
+                                    newContext.querySelectorAll(newSelector)
+                                );
+                                return results;
+                            } catch (qsaError) {
+                            } finally {
+                                if (!old) {
+                                    context.removeAttribute("id");
+                                }
+                            }
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+
+                // All others
+                return select(selector.replace(rtrim, "$1"), context, results, seed);
+            }
+
+            /**
+             * Create key-value caches of limited size
+             * @returns {Function(string, Object)} Returns the Object data after storing it on itself with
+             *	property name the (space-suffixed) string and (if the cache is larger than Expr.cacheLength)
+             *	deleting the oldest entry
+             */
+            function createCache() {
+                var keys = [];
+
+                function cache(key, value) {
+                    // Use (key + " ") to avoid collision with native prototype properties (see Issue #157)
+                    if (keys.push(key + " ") > Expr.cacheLength) {
+                        // Only keep the most recent entries
+                        delete cache[keys.shift()];
+                    }
+                    return (cache[key + " "] = value);
+                }
+                return cache;
+            }
+
+            /**
+             * Mark a function for special use by Sizzle
+             * @param {Function} fn The function to mark
+             */
+            function markFunction(fn) {
+                fn[expando] = true;
+                return fn;
+            }
+
+            /**
+             * Support testing using an element
+             * @param {Function} fn Passed the created div and expects a boolean result
+             */
+            function assert(fn) {
+                var div = document.createElement("div");
+
+                try {
+                    return !!fn(div);
+                } catch (e) {
+                    return false;
+                } finally {
+                    // Remove from its parent by default
+                    if (div.parentNode) {
+                        div.parentNode.removeChild(div);
+                    }
+                    // release memory in IE
+                    div = null;
+                }
+            }
+
+            /**
+             * Adds the same handler for all of the specified attrs
+             * @param {String} attrs Pipe-separated list of attributes
+             * @param {Function} handler The method that will be applied
+             */
+            function addHandle(attrs, handler) {
+                var arr = attrs.split("|"),
+                    i = attrs.length;
+
+                while (i--) {
+                    Expr.attrHandle[arr[i]] = handler;
+                }
+            }
+
+            /**
+             * Checks document order of two siblings
+             * @param {Element} a
+             * @param {Element} b
+             * @returns {Number} Returns less than 0 if a precedes b, greater than 0 if a follows b
+             */
+            function siblingCheck(a, b) {
+                var cur = b && a,
+                    diff = cur && a.nodeType === 1 && b.nodeType === 1 &&
+                        (~b.sourceIndex || MAX_NEGATIVE) -
+                        (~a.sourceIndex || MAX_NEGATIVE);
+
+                // Use IE sourceIndex if available on both nodes
+                if (diff) {
+                    return diff;
+                }
+
+                // Check if b follows a
+                if (cur) {
+                    while ((cur = cur.nextSibling)) {
+                        if (cur === b) {
+                            return -1;
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+
+                return a ? 1 : -1;
+            }
+
+            /**
+             * Returns a function to use in pseudos for input types
+             * @param {String} type
+             */
+            function createInputPseudo(type) {
+                return function (elem) {
+                    var name = elem.nodeName.toLowerCase();
+                    return name === "input" && elem.type === type;
+                };
+            }
+
+            /**
+             * Returns a function to use in pseudos for buttons
+             * @param {String} type
+             */
+            function createButtonPseudo(type) {
+                return function (elem) {
+                    var name = elem.nodeName.toLowerCase();
+                    return (name === "input" || name === "button") && elem.type === type;
+                };
+            }
+
+            /**
+             * Returns a function to use in pseudos for positionals
+             * @param {Function} fn
+             */
+            function createPositionalPseudo(fn) {
+                return markFunction(function (argument) {
+                    argument = +argument;
+                    return markFunction(function (seed, matches) {
+                        var j,
+                            matchIndexes = fn([], seed.length, argument),
+                            i = matchIndexes.length;
+
+                        // Match elements found at the specified indexes
+                        while (i--) {
+                            if (seed[(j = matchIndexes[i])]) {
+                                seed[j] = !(matches[j] = seed[j]);
+                            }
+                        }
+                    });
+                });
+            }
+
+            /**
+             * Checks a node for validity as a Sizzle context
+             * @param {Element|Object=} context
+             * @returns {Element|Object|Boolean} The input node if acceptable, otherwise a falsy value
+             */
+            function testContext(context) {
+                return context && typeof context.getElementsByTagName !== strundefined && context;
+            }
+
+            // Expose support vars for convenience
+            support = Sizzle.support = {};
+
+            /**
+             * Detects XML nodes
+             * @param {Element|Object} elem An element or a document
+             * @returns {Boolean} True iff elem is a non-HTML XML node
+             */
+            isXML = Sizzle.isXML = function (elem) {
+                // documentElement is verified for cases where it doesn't yet exist
+                // (such as loading iframes in IE - #4833)
+                var documentElement = elem && (elem.ownerDocument || elem).documentElement;
+                return documentElement ? documentElement.nodeName !== "HTML" : false;
+            };
+
+            /**
+             * Sets document-related variables once based on the current document
+             * @param {Element|Object} [doc] An element or document object to use to set the document
+             * @returns {Object} Returns the current document
+             */
+            setDocument = Sizzle.setDocument = function (node) {
+                var hasCompare,
+                    doc = node ? node.ownerDocument || node : preferredDoc,
+                    parent = doc.defaultView;
+
+                // If no document and documentElement is available, return
+                if (doc === document || doc.nodeType !== 9 || !doc.documentElement) {
+                    return document;
+                }
+
+                // Set our document
+                document = doc;
+                docElem = doc.documentElement;
+
+                // Support tests
+                documentIsHTML = !isXML(doc);
+
+                // Support: IE>8
+                // If iframe document is assigned to "document" variable and if iframe has been reloaded,
+                // IE will throw "permission denied" error when accessing "document" variable, see jQuery #13936
+                // IE6-8 do not support the defaultView property so parent will be undefined
+                if (parent && parent !== parent.top) {
+                    // IE11 does not have attachEvent, so all must suffer
+                    if (parent.addEventListener) {
+                        parent.addEventListener("unload", function () {
+                            setDocument();
+                        }, false);
+                    } else if (parent.attachEvent) {
+                        parent.attachEvent("onunload", function () {
+                            setDocument();
+                        });
+                    }
+                }
+
+                /* Attributes
+                ---------------------------------------------------------------------- */
+
+                // Support: IE<8
+                // Verify that getAttribute really returns attributes and not properties (excepting IE8 booleans)
+                support.attributes = assert(function (div) {
+                    div.className = "i";
+                    return !div.getAttribute("className");
+                });
+
+                /* getElement(s)By*
+                ---------------------------------------------------------------------- */
+
+                // Check if getElementsByTagName("*") returns only elements
+                support.getElementsByTagName = assert(function (div) {
+                    div.appendChild(doc.createComment(""));
+                    return !div.getElementsByTagName("*").length;
+                });
+
+                // Check if getElementsByClassName can be trusted
+                support.getElementsByClassName = rnative.test(doc.getElementsByClassName) && assert(function (div) {
+                    div.innerHTML = "<div class='a'></div><div class='a i'></div>";
+
+                    // Support: Safari<4
+                    // Catch class over-caching
+                    div.firstChild.className = "i";
+                    // Support: Opera<10
+                    // Catch gEBCN failure to find non-leading classes
+                    return div.getElementsByClassName("i").length === 2;
+                });
+
+                // Support: IE<10
+                // Check if getElementById returns elements by name
+                // The broken getElementById methods don't pick up programatically-set names,
+                // so use a roundabout getElementsByName test
+                support.getById = assert(function (div) {
+                    docElem.appendChild(div).id = expando;
+                    return !doc.getElementsByName || !doc.getElementsByName(expando).length;
+                });
+
+                // ID find and filter
+                if (support.getById) {
+                    Expr.find["ID"] = function (id, context) {
+                        if (typeof context.getElementById !== strundefined && documentIsHTML) {
+                            var m = context.getElementById(id);
+                            // Check parentNode to catch when Blackberry 4.6 returns
+                            // nodes that are no longer in the document #6963
+                            return m && m.parentNode ? [m] : [];
+                        }
+                    };
+                    Expr.filter["ID"] = function (id) {
+                        var attrId = id.replace(runescape, funescape);
+                        return function (elem) {
+                            return elem.getAttribute("id") === attrId;
+                        };
+                    };
+                } else {
+                    // Support: IE6/7
+                    // getElementById is not reliable as a find shortcut
+                    delete Expr.find["ID"];
+
+                    Expr.filter["ID"] = function (id) {
+                        var attrId = id.replace(runescape, funescape);
+                        return function (elem) {
+                            var node = typeof elem.getAttributeNode !== strundefined && elem.getAttributeNode("id");
+                            return node && node.value === attrId;
+                        };
+                    };
+                }
+
+                // Tag
+                Expr.find["TAG"] = support.getElementsByTagName ?
+                    function (tag, context) {
+                        if (typeof context.getElementsByTagName !== strundefined) {
+                            return context.getElementsByTagName(tag);
+                        }
+                    } :
+                    function (tag, context) {
+                        var elem,
+                            tmp = [],
+                            i = 0,
+                            results = context.getElementsByTagName(tag);
+
+                        // Filter out possible comments
+                        if (tag === "*") {
+                            while ((elem = results[i++])) {
+                                if (elem.nodeType === 1) {
+                                    tmp.push(elem);
+                                }
+                            }
+
+                            return tmp;
+                        }
+                        return results;
+                    };
+
+                // Class
+                Expr.find["CLASS"] = support.getElementsByClassName && function (className, context) {
+                    if (typeof context.getElementsByClassName !== strundefined && documentIsHTML) {
+                        return context.getElementsByClassName(className);
+                    }
+                };
+
+                /* QSA/matchesSelector
+                ---------------------------------------------------------------------- */
+
+                // QSA and matchesSelector support
+
+                // matchesSelector(:active) reports false when true (IE9/Opera 11.5)
+                rbuggyMatches = [];
+
+                // qSa(:focus) reports false when true (Chrome 21)
+                // We allow this because of a bug in IE8/9 that throws an error
+                // whenever `document.activeElement` is accessed on an iframe
+                // So, we allow :focus to pass through QSA all the time to avoid the IE error
+                // See http://bugs.jquery.com/ticket/13378
+                rbuggyQSA = [];
+
+                if ((support.qsa = rnative.test(doc.querySelectorAll))) {
+                    // Build QSA regex
+                    // Regex strategy adopted from Diego Perini
+                    assert(function (div) {
+                        // Select is set to empty string on purpose
+                        // This is to test IE's treatment of not explicitly
+                        // setting a boolean content attribute,
+                        // since its presence should be enough
+                        // http://bugs.jquery.com/ticket/12359
+                        div.innerHTML = "<select msallowclip=''><option selected=''></option></select>";
+
+                        // Support: IE8, Opera 11-12.16
+                        // Nothing should be selected when empty strings follow ^= or $= or *=
+                        // The test attribute must be unknown in Opera but "safe" for WinRT
+                        // http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ie/hh465388.aspx#attribute_section
+                        if (div.querySelectorAll("[msallowclip^='']").length) {
+                            rbuggyQSA.push("[*^$]=" + whitespace + "*(?:''|\"\")");
+                        }
+
+                        // Support: IE8
+                        // Boolean attributes and "value" are not treated correctly
+                        if (!div.querySelectorAll("[selected]").length) {
+                            rbuggyQSA.push("\\[" + whitespace + "*(?:value|" + booleans + ")");
+                        }
+
+                        // Webkit/Opera - :checked should return selected option elements
+                        // http://www.w3.org/TR/2011/REC-css3-selectors-20110929/#checked
+                        // IE8 throws error here and will not see later tests
+                        if (!div.querySelectorAll(":checked").length) {
+                            rbuggyQSA.push(":checked");
+                        }
+                    });
+
+                    assert(function (div) {
+                        // Support: Windows 8 Native Apps
+                        // The type and name attributes are restricted during .innerHTML assignment
+                        var input = doc.createElement("input");
+                        input.setAttribute("type", "hidden");
+                        div.appendChild(input).setAttribute("name", "D");
+
+                        // Support: IE8
+                        // Enforce case-sensitivity of name attribute
+                        if (div.querySelectorAll("[name=d]").length) {
+                            rbuggyQSA.push("name" + whitespace + "*[*^$|!~]?=");
+                        }
+
+                        // FF 3.5 - :enabled/:disabled and hidden elements (hidden elements are still enabled)
+                        // IE8 throws error here and will not see later tests
+                        if (!div.querySelectorAll(":enabled").length) {
+                            rbuggyQSA.push(":enabled", ":disabled");
+                        }
+
+                        // Opera 10-11 does not throw on post-comma invalid pseudos
+                        div.querySelectorAll("*,:x");
+                        rbuggyQSA.push(",.*:");
+                    });
+                }
+
+                if ((support.matchesSelector = rnative.test((matches = docElem.matches ||
+                    docElem.webkitMatchesSelector ||
+                    docElem.mozMatchesSelector ||
+                    docElem.oMatchesSelector ||
+                    docElem.msMatchesSelector)))) {
+
+                    assert(function (div) {
+                        // Check to see if it's possible to do matchesSelector
+                        // on a disconnected node (IE 9)
+                        support.disconnectedMatch = matches.call(div, "div");
+
+                        // This should fail with an exception
+                        // Gecko does not error, returns false instead
+                        matches.call(div, "[s!='']:x");
+                        rbuggyMatches.push("!=", pseudos);
+                    });
+                }
+
+                rbuggyQSA = rbuggyQSA.length && new RegExp(rbuggyQSA.join("|"));
+                rbuggyMatches = rbuggyMatches.length && new RegExp(rbuggyMatches.join("|"));
+
+                /* Contains
+                ---------------------------------------------------------------------- */
+                hasCompare = rnative.test(docElem.compareDocumentPosition);
+
+                // Element contains another
+                // Purposefully does not implement inclusive descendent
+                // As in, an element does not contain itself
+                contains = hasCompare || rnative.test(docElem.contains) ?
+                    function (a, b) {
+                        var adown = a.nodeType === 9 ? a.documentElement : a,
+                            bup = b && b.parentNode;
+                        return a === bup || !!(bup && bup.nodeType === 1 && (
+                            adown.contains ?
+                                adown.contains(bup) :
+                                a.compareDocumentPosition && a.compareDocumentPosition(bup) & 16
+                        ));
+                    } :
+                    function (a, b) {
+                        if (b) {
+                            while ((b = b.parentNode)) {
+                                if (b === a) {
+                                    return true;
+                                }
+                            }
+                        }
+                        return false;
+                    };
+
+                /* Sorting
+                ---------------------------------------------------------------------- */
+
+                // Document order sorting
+                sortOrder = hasCompare ?
+                    function (a, b) {
+
+                        // Flag for duplicate removal
+                        if (a === b) {
+                            hasDuplicate = true;
+                            return 0;
+                        }
+
+                        // Sort on method existence if only one input has compareDocumentPosition
+                        var compare = !a.compareDocumentPosition - !b.compareDocumentPosition;
+                        if (compare) {
+                            return compare;
+                        }
+
+                        // Calculate position if both inputs belong to the same document
+                        compare = (a.ownerDocument || a) === (b.ownerDocument || b) ?
+                            a.compareDocumentPosition(b) :
+
+                            // Otherwise we know they are disconnected
+                            1;
+
+                        // Disconnected nodes
+                        if (compare & 1 ||
+                            (!support.sortDetached && b.compareDocumentPosition(a) === compare)) {
+
+                            // Choose the first element that is related to our preferred document
+                            if (a === doc || a.ownerDocument === preferredDoc && contains(preferredDoc, a)) {
+                                return -1;
+                            }
+                            if (b === doc || b.ownerDocument === preferredDoc && contains(preferredDoc, b)) {
+                                return 1;
+                            }
+
+                            // Maintain original order
+                            return sortInput ?
+                                (indexOf.call(sortInput, a) - indexOf.call(sortInput, b)) :
+                                0;
+                        }
+
+                        return compare & 4 ? -1 : 1;
+                    } :
+                    function (a, b) {
+                        // Exit early if the nodes are identical
+                        if (a === b) {
+                            hasDuplicate = true;
+                            return 0;
+                        }
+
+                        var cur,
+                            i = 0,
+                            aup = a.parentNode,
+                            bup = b.parentNode,
+                            ap = [a],
+                            bp = [b];
+
+                        // Parentless nodes are either documents or disconnected
+                        if (!aup || !bup) {
+                            return a === doc ? -1 :
+                                b === doc ? 1 :
+                                    aup ? -1 :
+                                        bup ? 1 :
+                                            sortInput ?
+                                                (indexOf.call(sortInput, a) - indexOf.call(sortInput, b)) :
+                                                0;
+
+                            // If the nodes are siblings, we can do a quick check
+                        } else if (aup === bup) {
+                            return siblingCheck(a, b);
+                        }
+
+                        // Otherwise we need full lists of their ancestors for comparison
+                        cur = a;
+                        while ((cur = cur.parentNode)) {
+                            ap.unshift(cur);
+                        }
+                        cur = b;
+                        while ((cur = cur.parentNode)) {
+                            bp.unshift(cur);
+                        }
+
+                        // Walk down the tree looking for a discrepancy
+                        while (ap[i] === bp[i]) {
+                            i++;
+                        }
+
+                        return i ?
+                            // Do a sibling check if the nodes have a common ancestor
+                            siblingCheck(ap[i], bp[i]) :
+
+                            // Otherwise nodes in our document sort first
+                            ap[i] === preferredDoc ? -1 :
+                                bp[i] === preferredDoc ? 1 :
+                                    0;
+                    };
+
+                return doc;
+            };
+
+            Sizzle.matches = function (expr, elements) {
+                return Sizzle(expr, null, null, elements);
+            };
+
+            Sizzle.matchesSelector = function (elem, expr) {
+                // Set document vars if needed
+                if ((elem.ownerDocument || elem) !== document) {
+                    setDocument(elem);
+                }
+
+                // Make sure that attribute selectors are quoted
+                expr = expr.replace(rattributeQuotes, "='$1']");
+
+                if (support.matchesSelector && documentIsHTML &&
+                    (!rbuggyMatches || !rbuggyMatches.test(expr)) &&
+                    (!rbuggyQSA || !rbuggyQSA.test(expr))) {
+
+                    try {
+                        var ret = matches.call(elem, expr);
+
+                        // IE 9's matchesSelector returns false on disconnected nodes
+                        if (ret || support.disconnectedMatch ||
+                            // As well, disconnected nodes are said to be in a document
+                            // fragment in IE 9
+                            elem.document && elem.document.nodeType !== 11) {
+                            return ret;
+                        }
+                    } catch (e) { }
+                }
+
+                return Sizzle(expr, document, null, [elem]).length > 0;
+            };
+
+            Sizzle.contains = function (context, elem) {
+                // Set document vars if needed
+                if ((context.ownerDocument || context) !== document) {
+                    setDocument(context);
+                }
+                return contains(context, elem);
+            };
+
+            Sizzle.attr = function (elem, name) {
+                // Set document vars if needed
+                if ((elem.ownerDocument || elem) !== document) {
+                    setDocument(elem);
+                }
+
+                var fn = Expr.attrHandle[name.toLowerCase()],
+                    // Don't get fooled by Object.prototype properties (jQuery #13807)
+                    val = fn && hasOwn.call(Expr.attrHandle, name.toLowerCase()) ?
+                        fn(elem, name, !documentIsHTML) :
+                        undefined;
+
+                return val !== undefined ?
+                    val :
+                    support.attributes || !documentIsHTML ?
+                        elem.getAttribute(name) :
+                        (val = elem.getAttributeNode(name)) && val.specified ?
+                            val.value :
+                            null;
+            };
+
+            Sizzle.error = function (msg) {
+                throw new Error("Syntax error, unrecognized expression: " + msg);
+            };
+
+            /**
+             * Document sorting and removing duplicates
+             * @param {ArrayLike} results
+             */
+            Sizzle.uniqueSort = function (results) {
+                var elem,
+                    duplicates = [],
+                    j = 0,
+                    i = 0;
+
+                // Unless we *know* we can detect duplicates, assume their presence
+                hasDuplicate = !support.detectDuplicates;
+                sortInput = !support.sortStable && results.slice(0);
+                results.sort(sortOrder);
+
+                if (hasDuplicate) {
+                    while ((elem = results[i++])) {
+                        if (elem === results[i]) {
+                            j = duplicates.push(i);
+                        }
+                    }
+                    while (j--) {
+                        results.splice(duplicates[j], 1);
+                    }
+                }
+
+                // Clear input after sorting to release objects
+                // See https://github.com/jquery/sizzle/pull/225
+                sortInput = null;
+
+                return results;
+            };
+
+            /**
+             * Utility function for retrieving the text value of an array of DOM nodes
+             * @param {Array|Element} elem
+             */
+            getText = Sizzle.getText = function (elem) {
+                var node,
+                    ret = "",
+                    i = 0,
+                    nodeType = elem.nodeType;
+
+                if (!nodeType) {
+                    // If no nodeType, this is expected to be an array
+                    while ((node = elem[i++])) {
+                        // Do not traverse comment nodes
+                        ret += getText(node);
+                    }
+                } else if (nodeType === 1 || nodeType === 9 || nodeType === 11) {
+                    // Use textContent for elements
+                    // innerText usage removed for consistency of new lines (jQuery #11153)
+                    if (typeof elem.textContent === "string") {
+                        return elem.textContent;
+                    } else {
+                        // Traverse its children
+                        for (elem = elem.firstChild; elem; elem = elem.nextSibling) {
+                            ret += getText(elem);
+                        }
+                    }
+                } else if (nodeType === 3 || nodeType === 4) {
+                    return elem.nodeValue;
+                }
+                // Do not include comment or processing instruction nodes
+
+                return ret;
+            };
+
+            Expr = Sizzle.selectors = {
+
+                // Can be adjusted by the user
+                cacheLength: 50,
+
+                createPseudo: markFunction,
+
+                match: matchExpr,
+
+                attrHandle: {},
+
+                find: {},
+
+                relative: {
+                    ">": { dir: "parentNode", first: true },
+                    " ": { dir: "parentNode" },
+                    "+": { dir: "previousSibling", first: true },
+                    "~": { dir: "previousSibling" }
+                },
+
+                preFilter: {
+                    "ATTR": function (match) {
+                        match[1] = match[1].replace(runescape, funescape);
+
+                        // Move the given value to match[3] whether quoted or unquoted
+                        match[3] = (match[3] || match[4] || match[5] || "").replace(runescape, funescape);
+
+                        if (match[2] === "~=") {
+                            match[3] = " " + match[3] + " ";
+                        }
+
+                        return match.slice(0, 4);
+                    },
+
+                    "CHILD": function (match) {
+                        /* matches from matchExpr["CHILD"]
+                            1 type (only|nth|...)
+                            2 what (child|of-type)
+                            3 argument (even|odd|\d*|\d*n([+-]\d+)?|...)
+                            4 xn-component of xn+y argument ([+-]?\d*n|)
+                            5 sign of xn-component
+                            6 x of xn-component
+                            7 sign of y-component
+                            8 y of y-component
+                        */
+                        match[1] = match[1].toLowerCase();
+
+                        if (match[1].slice(0, 3) === "nth") {
+                            // nth-* requires argument
+                            if (!match[3]) {
+                                Sizzle.error(match[0]);
+                            }
+
+                            // numeric x and y parameters for Expr.filter.CHILD
+                            // remember that false/true cast respectively to 0/1
+                            match[4] = +(match[4] ? match[5] + (match[6] || 1) : 2 * (match[3] === "even" || match[3] === "odd"));
+                            match[5] = +((match[7] + match[8]) || match[3] === "odd");
+
+                            // other types prohibit arguments
+                        } else if (match[3]) {
+                            Sizzle.error(match[0]);
+                        }
+
+                        return match;
+                    },
+
+                    "PSEUDO": function (match) {
+                        var excess,
+                            unquoted = !match[6] && match[2];
+
+                        if (matchExpr["CHILD"].test(match[0])) {
+                            return null;
+                        }
+
+                        // Accept quoted arguments as-is
+                        if (match[3]) {
+                            match[2] = match[4] || match[5] || "";
+
+                            // Strip excess characters from unquoted arguments
+                        } else if (unquoted && rpseudo.test(unquoted) &&
+                            // Get excess from tokenize (recursively)
+                            (excess = tokenize(unquoted, true)) &&
+                            // advance to the next closing parenthesis
+                            (excess = unquoted.indexOf(")", unquoted.length - excess) - unquoted.length)) {
+
+                            // excess is a negative index
+                            match[0] = match[0].slice(0, excess);
+                            match[2] = unquoted.slice(0, excess);
+                        }
+
+                        // Return only captures needed by the pseudo filter method (type and argument)
+                        return match.slice(0, 3);
+                    }
+                },
+
+                filter: {
+
+                    "TAG": function (nodeNameSelector) {
+                        var nodeName = nodeNameSelector.replace(runescape, funescape).toLowerCase();
+                        return nodeNameSelector === "*" ?
+                            function () { return true; } :
+                            function (elem) {
+                                return elem.nodeName && elem.nodeName.toLowerCase() === nodeName;
+                            };
+                    },
+
+                    "CLASS": function (className) {
+                        var pattern = classCache[className + " "];
+
+                        return pattern ||
+                            (pattern = new RegExp("(^|" + whitespace + ")" + className + "(" + whitespace + "|$)")) &&
+                            classCache(className, function (elem) {
+                                return pattern.test(typeof elem.className === "string" && elem.className || typeof elem.getAttribute !== strundefined && elem.getAttribute("class") || "");
+                            });
+                    },
+
+                    "ATTR": function (name, operator, check) {
+                        return function (elem) {
+                            var result = Sizzle.attr(elem, name);
+
+                            if (result == null) {
+                                return operator === "!=";
+                            }
+                            if (!operator) {
+                                return true;
+                            }
+
+                            result += "";
+
+                            return operator === "=" ? result === check :
+                                operator === "!=" ? result !== check :
+                                    operator === "^=" ? check && result.indexOf(check) === 0 :
+                                        operator === "*=" ? check && result.indexOf(check) > -1 :
+                                            operator === "$=" ? check && result.slice(-check.length) === check :
+                                                operator === "~=" ? (" " + result + " ").indexOf(check) > -1 :
+                                                    operator === "|=" ? result === check || result.slice(0, check.length + 1) === check + "-" :
+                                                        false;
+                        };
+                    },
+
+                    "CHILD": function (type, what, argument, first, last) {
+                        var simple = type.slice(0, 3) !== "nth",
+                            forward = type.slice(-4) !== "last",
+                            ofType = what === "of-type";
+
+                        return first === 1 && last === 0 ?
+
+                            // Shortcut for :nth-*(n)
+                            function (elem) {
+                                return !!elem.parentNode;
+                            } :
+
+                            function (elem, context, xml) {
+                                var cache, outerCache, node, diff, nodeIndex, start,
+                                    dir = simple !== forward ? "nextSibling" : "previousSibling",
+                                    parent = elem.parentNode,
+                                    name = ofType && elem.nodeName.toLowerCase(),
+                                    useCache = !xml && !ofType;
+
+                                if (parent) {
+
+                                    // :(first|last|only)-(child|of-type)
+                                    if (simple) {
+                                        while (dir) {
+                                            node = elem;
+                                            while ((node = node[dir])) {
+                                                if (ofType ? node.nodeName.toLowerCase() === name : node.nodeType === 1) {
+                                                    return false;
+                                                }
+                                            }
+                                            // Reverse direction for :only-* (if we haven't yet done so)
+                                            start = dir = type === "only" && !start && "nextSibling";
+                                        }
+                                        return true;
+                                    }
+
+                                    start = [forward ? parent.firstChild : parent.lastChild];
+
+                                    // non-xml :nth-child(...) stores cache data on `parent`
+                                    if (forward && useCache) {
+                                        // Seek `elem` from a previously-cached index
+                                        outerCache = parent[expando] || (parent[expando] = {});
+                                        cache = outerCache[type] || [];
+                                        nodeIndex = cache[0] === dirruns && cache[1];
+                                        diff = cache[0] === dirruns && cache[2];
+                                        node = nodeIndex && parent.childNodes[nodeIndex];
+
+                                        while ((node = ++nodeIndex && node && node[dir] ||
+
+                                            // Fallback to seeking `elem` from the start
+                                            (diff = nodeIndex = 0) || start.pop())) {
+
+                                            // When found, cache indexes on `parent` and break
+                                            if (node.nodeType === 1 && ++diff && node === elem) {
+                                                outerCache[type] = [dirruns, nodeIndex, diff];
+                                                break;
+                                            }
+                                        }
+
+                                        // Use previously-cached element index if available
+                                    } else if (useCache && (cache = (elem[expando] || (elem[expando] = {}))[type]) && cache[0] === dirruns) {
+                                        diff = cache[1];
+
+                                        // xml :nth-child(...) or :nth-last-child(...) or :nth(-last)?-of-type(...)
+                                    } else {
+                                        // Use the same loop as above to seek `elem` from the start
+                                        while ((node = ++nodeIndex && node && node[dir] ||
+                                            (diff = nodeIndex = 0) || start.pop())) {
+
+                                            if ((ofType ? node.nodeName.toLowerCase() === name : node.nodeType === 1) && ++diff) {
+                                                // Cache the index of each encountered element
+                                                if (useCache) {
+                                                    (node[expando] || (node[expando] = {}))[type] = [dirruns, diff];
+                                                }
+
+                                                if (node === elem) {
+                                                    break;
+                                                }
+                                            }
+                                        }
+                                    }
+
+                                    // Incorporate the offset, then check against cycle size
+                                    diff -= last;
+                                    return diff === first || (diff % first === 0 && diff / first >= 0);
+                                }
+                            };
+                    },
+
+                    "PSEUDO": function (pseudo, argument) {
+                        // pseudo-class names are case-insensitive
+                        // http://www.w3.org/TR/selectors/#pseudo-classes
+                        // Prioritize by case sensitivity in case custom pseudos are added with uppercase letters
+                        // Remember that setFilters inherits from pseudos
+                        var args,
+                            fn = Expr.pseudos[pseudo] || Expr.setFilters[pseudo.toLowerCase()] ||
+                                Sizzle.error("unsupported pseudo: " + pseudo);
+
+                        // The user may use createPseudo to indicate that
+                        // arguments are needed to create the filter function
+                        // just as Sizzle does
+                        if (fn[expando]) {
+                            return fn(argument);
+                        }
+
+                        // But maintain support for old signatures
+                        if (fn.length > 1) {
+                            args = [pseudo, pseudo, "", argument];
+                            return Expr.setFilters.hasOwnProperty(pseudo.toLowerCase()) ?
+                                markFunction(function (seed, matches) {
+                                    var idx,
+                                        matched = fn(seed, argument),
+                                        i = matched.length;
+                                    while (i--) {
+                                        idx = indexOf.call(seed, matched[i]);
+                                        seed[idx] = !(matches[idx] = matched[i]);
+                                    }
+                                }) :
+                                function (elem) {
+                                    return fn(elem, 0, args);
+                                };
+                        }
+
+                        return fn;
+                    }
+                },
+
+                pseudos: {
+                    // Potentially complex pseudos
+                    "not": markFunction(function (selector) {
+                        // Trim the selector passed to compile
+                        // to avoid treating leading and trailing
+                        // spaces as combinators
+                        var input = [],
+                            results = [],
+                            matcher = compile(selector.replace(rtrim, "$1"));
+
+                        return matcher[expando] ?
+                            markFunction(function (seed, matches, context, xml) {
+                                var elem,
+                                    unmatched = matcher(seed, null, xml, []),
+                                    i = seed.length;
+
+                                // Match elements unmatched by `matcher`
+                                while (i--) {
+                                    if ((elem = unmatched[i])) {
+                                        seed[i] = !(matches[i] = elem);
+                                    }
+                                }
+                            }) :
+                            function (elem, context, xml) {
+                                input[0] = elem;
+                                matcher(input, null, xml, results);
+                                return !results.pop();
+                            };
+                    }),
+
+                    "has": markFunction(function (selector) {
+                        return function (elem) {
+                            return Sizzle(selector, elem).length > 0;
+                        };
+                    }),
+
+                    "contains": markFunction(function (text) {
+                        return function (elem) {
+                            return (elem.textContent || elem.innerText || getText(elem)).indexOf(text) > -1;
+                        };
+                    }),
+
+                    // "Whether an element is represented by a :lang() selector
+                    // is based solely on the element's language value
+                    // being equal to the identifier C,
+                    // or beginning with the identifier C immediately followed by "-".
+                    // The matching of C against the element's language value is performed case-insensitively.
+                    // The identifier C does not have to be a valid language name."
+                    // http://www.w3.org/TR/selectors/#lang-pseudo
+                    "lang": markFunction(function (lang) {
+                        // lang value must be a valid identifier
+                        if (!ridentifier.test(lang || "")) {
+                            Sizzle.error("unsupported lang: " + lang);
+                        }
+                        lang = lang.replace(runescape, funescape).toLowerCase();
+                        return function (elem) {
+                            var elemLang;
+                            do {
+                                if ((elemLang = documentIsHTML ?
+                                    elem.lang :
+                                    elem.getAttribute("xml:lang") || elem.getAttribute("lang"))) {
+
+                                    elemLang = elemLang.toLowerCase();
+                                    return elemLang === lang || elemLang.indexOf(lang + "-") === 0;
+                                }
+                            } while ((elem = elem.parentNode) && elem.nodeType === 1);
+                            return false;
+                        };
+                    }),
+
+                    // Miscellaneous
+                    "target": function (elem) {
+                        var hash = window.location && window.location.hash;
+                        return hash && hash.slice(1) === elem.id;
+                    },
+
+                    "root": function (elem) {
+                        return elem === docElem;
+                    },
+
+                    "focus": function (elem) {
+                        return elem === document.activeElement && (!document.hasFocus || document.hasFocus()) && !!(elem.type || elem.href || ~elem.tabIndex);
+                    },
+
+                    // Boolean properties
+                    "enabled": function (elem) {
+                        return elem.disabled === false;
+                    },
+
+                    "disabled": function (elem) {
+                        return elem.disabled === true;
+                    },
+
+                    "checked": function (elem) {
+                        // In CSS3, :checked should return both checked and selected elements
+                        // http://www.w3.org/TR/2011/REC-css3-selectors-20110929/#checked
+                        var nodeName = elem.nodeName.toLowerCase();
+                        return (nodeName === "input" && !!elem.checked) || (nodeName === "option" && !!elem.selected);
+                    },
+
+                    "selected": function (elem) {
+                        // Accessing this property makes selected-by-default
+                        // options in Safari work properly
+                        if (elem.parentNode) {
+                            elem.parentNode.selectedIndex;
+                        }
+
+                        return elem.selected === true;
+                    },
+
+                    // Contents
+                    "empty": function (elem) {
+                        // http://www.w3.org/TR/selectors/#empty-pseudo
+                        // :empty is negated by element (1) or content nodes (text: 3; cdata: 4; entity ref: 5),
+                        //   but not by others (comment: 8; processing instruction: 7; etc.)
+                        // nodeType < 6 works because attributes (2) do not appear as children
+                        for (elem = elem.firstChild; elem; elem = elem.nextSibling) {
+                            if (elem.nodeType < 6) {
+                                return false;
+                            }
+                        }
+                        return true;
+                    },
+
+                    "parent": function (elem) {
+                        return !Expr.pseudos["empty"](elem);
+                    },
+
+                    // Element/input types
+                    "header": function (elem) {
+                        return rheader.test(elem.nodeName);
+                    },
+
+                    "input": function (elem) {
+                        return rinputs.test(elem.nodeName);
+                    },
+
+                    "button": function (elem) {
+                        var name = elem.nodeName.toLowerCase();
+                        return name === "input" && elem.type === "button" || name === "button";
+                    },
+
+                    "text": function (elem) {
+                        var attr;
+                        return elem.nodeName.toLowerCase() === "input" &&
+                            elem.type === "text" &&
+
+                            // Support: IE<8
+                            // New HTML5 attribute values (e.g., "search") appear with elem.type === "text"
+                            ((attr = elem.getAttribute("type")) == null || attr.toLowerCase() === "text");
+                    },
+
+                    // Position-in-collection
+                    "first": createPositionalPseudo(function () {
+                        return [0];
+                    }),
+
+                    "last": createPositionalPseudo(function (matchIndexes, length) {
+                        return [length - 1];
+                    }),
+
+                    "eq": createPositionalPseudo(function (matchIndexes, length, argument) {
+                        return [argument < 0 ? argument + length : argument];
+                    }),
+
+                    "even": createPositionalPseudo(function (matchIndexes, length) {
+                        var i = 0;
+                        for (; i < length; i += 2) {
+                            matchIndexes.push(i);
+                        }
+                        return matchIndexes;
+                    }),
+
+                    "odd": createPositionalPseudo(function (matchIndexes, length) {
+                        var i = 1;
+                        for (; i < length; i += 2) {
+                            matchIndexes.push(i);
+                        }
+                        return matchIndexes;
+                    }),
+
+                    "lt": createPositionalPseudo(function (matchIndexes, length, argument) {
+                        var i = argument < 0 ? argument + length : argument;
+                        for (; --i >= 0;) {
+                            matchIndexes.push(i);
+                        }
+                        return matchIndexes;
+                    }),
+
+                    "gt": createPositionalPseudo(function (matchIndexes, length, argument) {
+                        var i = argument < 0 ? argument + length : argument;
+                        for (; ++i < length;) {
+                            matchIndexes.push(i);
+                        }
+                        return matchIndexes;
+                    })
+                }
+            };
+
+            Expr.pseudos["nth"] = Expr.pseudos["eq"];
+
+            // Add button/input type pseudos
+            for (i in { radio: true, checkbox: true, file: true, password: true, image: true }) {
+                Expr.pseudos[i] = createInputPseudo(i);
+            }
+            for (i in { submit: true, reset: true }) {
+                Expr.pseudos[i] = createButtonPseudo(i);
+            }
+
+            // Easy API for creating new setFilters
+            function setFilters() { }
+            setFilters.prototype = Expr.filters = Expr.pseudos;
+            Expr.setFilters = new setFilters();
+
+            tokenize = Sizzle.tokenize = function (selector, parseOnly) {
+                var matched, match, tokens, type,
+                    soFar, groups, preFilters,
+                    cached = tokenCache[selector + " "];
+
+                if (cached) {
+                    return parseOnly ? 0 : cached.slice(0);
+                }
+
+                soFar = selector;
+                groups = [];
+                preFilters = Expr.preFilter;
+
+                while (soFar) {
+
+                    // Comma and first run
+                    if (!matched || (match = rcomma.exec(soFar))) {
+                        if (match) {
+                            // Don't consume trailing commas as valid
+                            soFar = soFar.slice(match[0].length) || soFar;
+                        }
+                        groups.push((tokens = []));
+                    }
+
+                    matched = false;
+
+                    // Combinators
+                    if ((match = rcombinators.exec(soFar))) {
+                        matched = match.shift();
+                        tokens.push({
+                            value: matched,
+                            // Cast descendant combinators to space
+                            type: match[0].replace(rtrim, " ")
+                        });
+                        soFar = soFar.slice(matched.length);
+                    }
+
+                    // Filters
+                    for (type in Expr.filter) {
+                        if ((match = matchExpr[type].exec(soFar)) && (!preFilters[type] ||
+                            (match = preFilters[type](match)))) {
+                            matched = match.shift();
+                            tokens.push({
+                                value: matched,
+                                type: type,
+                                matches: match
+                            });
+                            soFar = soFar.slice(matched.length);
+                        }
+                    }
+
+                    if (!matched) {
+                        break;
+                    }
+                }
+
+                // Return the length of the invalid excess
+                // if we're just parsing
+                // Otherwise, throw an error or return tokens
+                return parseOnly ?
+                    soFar.length :
+                    soFar ?
+                        Sizzle.error(selector) :
+                        // Cache the tokens
+                        tokenCache(selector, groups).slice(0);
+            };
+
+            function toSelector(tokens) {
+                var i = 0,
+                    len = tokens.length,
+                    selector = "";
+                for (; i < len; i++) {
+                    selector += tokens[i].value;
+                }
+                return selector;
+            }
+
+            function addCombinator(matcher, combinator, base) {
+                var dir = combinator.dir,
+                    checkNonElements = base && dir === "parentNode",
+                    doneName = done++;
+
+                return combinator.first ?
+                    // Check against closest ancestor/preceding element
+                    function (elem, context, xml) {
+                        while ((elem = elem[dir])) {
+                            if (elem.nodeType === 1 || checkNonElements) {
+                                return matcher(elem, context, xml);
+                            }
+                        }
+                    } :
+
+                    // Check against all ancestor/preceding elements
+                    function (elem, context, xml) {
+                        var oldCache, outerCache,
+                            newCache = [dirruns, doneName];
+
+                        // We can't set arbitrary data on XML nodes, so they don't benefit from dir caching
+                        if (xml) {
+                            while ((elem = elem[dir])) {
+                                if (elem.nodeType === 1 || checkNonElements) {
+                                    if (matcher(elem, context, xml)) {
+                                        return true;
+                                    }
+                                }
+                            }
+                        } else {
+                            while ((elem = elem[dir])) {
+                                if (elem.nodeType === 1 || checkNonElements) {
+                                    outerCache = elem[expando] || (elem[expando] = {});
+                                    if ((oldCache = outerCache[dir]) &&
+                                        oldCache[0] === dirruns && oldCache[1] === doneName) {
+
+                                        // Assign to newCache so results back-propagate to previous elements
+                                        return (newCache[2] = oldCache[2]);
+                                    } else {
+                                        // Reuse newcache so results back-propagate to previous elements
+                                        outerCache[dir] = newCache;
+
+                                        // A match means we're done; a fail means we have to keep checking
+                                        if ((newCache[2] = matcher(elem, context, xml))) {
+                                            return true;
+                                        }
+                                    }
+                                }
+                            }
+                        }
+                    };
+            }
+
+            function elementMatcher(matchers) {
+                return matchers.length > 1 ?
+                    function (elem, context, xml) {
+                        var i = matchers.length;
+                        while (i--) {
+                            if (!matchers[i](elem, context, xml)) {
+                                return false;
+                            }
+                        }
+                        return true;
+                    } :
+                    matchers[0];
+            }
+
+            function multipleContexts(selector, contexts, results) {
+                var i = 0,
+                    len = contexts.length;
+                for (; i < len; i++) {
+                    Sizzle(selector, contexts[i], results);
+                }
+                return results;
+            }
+
+            function condense(unmatched, map, filter, context, xml) {
+                var elem,
+                    newUnmatched = [],
+                    i = 0,
+                    len = unmatched.length,
+                    mapped = map != null;
+
+                for (; i < len; i++) {
+                    if ((elem = unmatched[i])) {
+                        if (!filter || filter(elem, context, xml)) {
+                            newUnmatched.push(elem);
+                            if (mapped) {
+                                map.push(i);
+                            }
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+
+                return newUnmatched;
+            }
+
+            function setMatcher(preFilter, selector, matcher, postFilter, postFinder, postSelector) {
+                if (postFilter && !postFilter[expando]) {
+                    postFilter = setMatcher(postFilter);
+                }
+                if (postFinder && !postFinder[expando]) {
+                    postFinder = setMatcher(postFinder, postSelector);
+                }
+                return markFunction(function (seed, results, context, xml) {
+                    var temp, i, elem,
+                        preMap = [],
+                        postMap = [],
+                        preexisting = results.length,
+
+                        // Get initial elements from seed or context
+                        elems = seed || multipleContexts(selector || "*", context.nodeType ? [context] : context, []),
+
+                        // Prefilter to get matcher input, preserving a map for seed-results synchronization
+                        matcherIn = preFilter && (seed || !selector) ?
+                            condense(elems, preMap, preFilter, context, xml) :
+                            elems,
+
+                        matcherOut = matcher ?
+                            // If we have a postFinder, or filtered seed, or non-seed postFilter or preexisting results,
+                            postFinder || (seed ? preFilter : preexisting || postFilter) ?
+
+                                // ...intermediate processing is necessary
+                                [] :
+
+                                // ...otherwise use results directly
+                                results :
+                            matcherIn;
+
+                    // Find primary matches
+                    if (matcher) {
+                        matcher(matcherIn, matcherOut, context, xml);
+                    }
+
+                    // Apply postFilter
+                    if (postFilter) {
+                        temp = condense(matcherOut, postMap);
+                        postFilter(temp, [], context, xml);
+
+                        // Un-match failing elements by moving them back to matcherIn
+                        i = temp.length;
+                        while (i--) {
+                            if ((elem = temp[i])) {
+                                matcherOut[postMap[i]] = !(matcherIn[postMap[i]] = elem);
+                            }
+                        }
+                    }
+
+                    if (seed) {
+                        if (postFinder || preFilter) {
+                            if (postFinder) {
+                                // Get the final matcherOut by condensing this intermediate into postFinder contexts
+                                temp = [];
+                                i = matcherOut.length;
+                                while (i--) {
+                                    if ((elem = matcherOut[i])) {
+                                        // Restore matcherIn since elem is not yet a final match
+                                        temp.push((matcherIn[i] = elem));
+                                    }
+                                }
+                                postFinder(null, (matcherOut = []), temp, xml);
+                            }
+
+                            // Move matched elements from seed to results to keep them synchronized
+                            i = matcherOut.length;
+                            while (i--) {
+                                if ((elem = matcherOut[i]) &&
+                                    (temp = postFinder ? indexOf.call(seed, elem) : preMap[i]) > -1) {
+
+                                    seed[temp] = !(results[temp] = elem);
+                                }
+                            }
+                        }
+
+                        // Add elements to results, through postFinder if defined
+                    } else {
+                        matcherOut = condense(
+                            matcherOut === results ?
+                                matcherOut.splice(preexisting, matcherOut.length) :
+                                matcherOut
+                        );
+                        if (postFinder) {
+                            postFinder(null, results, matcherOut, xml);
+                        } else {
+                            push.apply(results, matcherOut);
+                        }
+                    }
+                });
+            }
+
+            function matcherFromTokens(tokens) {
+                var checkContext, matcher, j,
+                    len = tokens.length,
+                    leadingRelative = Expr.relative[tokens[0].type],
+                    implicitRelative = leadingRelative || Expr.relative[" "],
+                    i = leadingRelative ? 1 : 0,
+
+                    // The foundational matcher ensures that elements are reachable from top-level context(s)
+                    matchContext = addCombinator(function (elem) {
+                        return elem === checkContext;
+                    }, implicitRelative, true),
+                    matchAnyContext = addCombinator(function (elem) {
+                        return indexOf.call(checkContext, elem) > -1;
+                    }, implicitRelative, true),
+                    matchers = [function (elem, context, xml) {
+                        return (!leadingRelative && (xml || context !== outermostContext)) || (
+                            (checkContext = context).nodeType ?
+                                matchContext(elem, context, xml) :
+                                matchAnyContext(elem, context, xml));
+                    }];
+
+                for (; i < len; i++) {
+                    if ((matcher = Expr.relative[tokens[i].type])) {
+                        matchers = [addCombinator(elementMatcher(matchers), matcher)];
+                    } else {
+                        matcher = Expr.filter[tokens[i].type].apply(null, tokens[i].matches);
+
+                        // Return special upon seeing a positional matcher
+                        if (matcher[expando]) {
+                            // Find the next relative operator (if any) for proper handling
+                            j = ++i;
+                            for (; j < len; j++) {
+                                if (Expr.relative[tokens[j].type]) {
+                                    break;
+                                }
+                            }
+                            return setMatcher(
+                                i > 1 && elementMatcher(matchers),
+                                i > 1 && toSelector(
+                                    // If the preceding token was a descendant combinator, insert an implicit any-element `*`
+                                    tokens.slice(0, i - 1).concat({ value: tokens[i - 2].type === " " ? "*" : "" })
+                                ).replace(rtrim, "$1"),
+                                matcher,
+                                i < j && matcherFromTokens(tokens.slice(i, j)),
+                                j < len && matcherFromTokens((tokens = tokens.slice(j))),
+                                j < len && toSelector(tokens)
+                            );
+                        }
+                        matchers.push(matcher);
+                    }
+                }
+
+                return elementMatcher(matchers);
+            }
+
+            function matcherFromGroupMatchers(elementMatchers, setMatchers) {
+                var bySet = setMatchers.length > 0,
+                    byElement = elementMatchers.length > 0,
+                    superMatcher = function (seed, context, xml, results, outermost) {
+                        var elem, j, matcher,
+                            matchedCount = 0,
+                            i = "0",
+                            unmatched = seed && [],
+                            setMatched = [],
+                            contextBackup = outermostContext,
+                            // We must always have either seed elements or outermost context
+                            elems = seed || byElement && Expr.find["TAG"]("*", outermost),
+                            // Use integer dirruns iff this is the outermost matcher
+                            dirrunsUnique = (dirruns += contextBackup == null ? 1 : Math.random() || 0.1),
+                            len = elems.length;
+
+                        if (outermost) {
+                            outermostContext = context !== document && context;
+                        }
+
+                        // Add elements passing elementMatchers directly to results
+                        // Keep `i` a string if there are no elements so `matchedCount` will be "00" below
+                        // Support: IE<9, Safari
+                        // Tolerate NodeList properties (IE: "length"; Safari: <number>) matching elements by id
+                        for (; i !== len && (elem = elems[i]) != null; i++) {
+                            if (byElement && elem) {
+                                j = 0;
+                                while ((matcher = elementMatchers[j++])) {
+                                    if (matcher(elem, context, xml)) {
+                                        results.push(elem);
+                                        break;
+                                    }
+                                }
+                                if (outermost) {
+                                    dirruns = dirrunsUnique;
+                                }
+                            }
+
+                            // Track unmatched elements for set filters
+                            if (bySet) {
+                                // They will have gone through all possible matchers
+                                if ((elem = !matcher && elem)) {
+                                    matchedCount--;
+                                }
+
+                                // Lengthen the array for every element, matched or not
+                                if (seed) {
+                                    unmatched.push(elem);
+                                }
+                            }
+                        }
+
+                        // Apply set filters to unmatched elements
+                        matchedCount += i;
+                        if (bySet && i !== matchedCount) {
+                            j = 0;
+                            while ((matcher = setMatchers[j++])) {
+                                matcher(unmatched, setMatched, context, xml);
+                            }
+
+                            if (seed) {
+                                // Reintegrate element matches to eliminate the need for sorting
+                                if (matchedCount > 0) {
+                                    while (i--) {
+                                        if (!(unmatched[i] || setMatched[i])) {
+                                            setMatched[i] = pop.call(results);
+                                        }
+                                    }
+                                }
+
+                                // Discard index placeholder values to get only actual matches
+                                setMatched = condense(setMatched);
+                            }
+
+                            // Add matches to results
+                            push.apply(results, setMatched);
+
+                            // Seedless set matches succeeding multiple successful matchers stipulate sorting
+                            if (outermost && !seed && setMatched.length > 0 &&
+                                (matchedCount + setMatchers.length) > 1) {
+
+                                Sizzle.uniqueSort(results);
+                            }
+                        }
+
+                        // Override manipulation of globals by nested matchers
+                        if (outermost) {
+                            dirruns = dirrunsUnique;
+                            outermostContext = contextBackup;
+                        }
+
+                        return unmatched;
+                    };
+
+                return bySet ?
+                    markFunction(superMatcher) :
+                    superMatcher;
+            }
+
+            compile = Sizzle.compile = function (selector, match /* Internal Use Only */) {
+                var i,
+                    setMatchers = [],
+                    elementMatchers = [],
+                    cached = compilerCache[selector + " "];
+
+                if (!cached) {
+                    // Generate a function of recursive functions that can be used to check each element
+                    if (!match) {
+                        match = tokenize(selector);
+                    }
+                    i = match.length;
+                    while (i--) {
+                        cached = matcherFromTokens(match[i]);
+                        if (cached[expando]) {
+                            setMatchers.push(cached);
+                        } else {
+                            elementMatchers.push(cached);
+                        }
+                    }
+
+                    // Cache the compiled function
+                    cached = compilerCache(selector, matcherFromGroupMatchers(elementMatchers, setMatchers));
+
+                    // Save selector and tokenization
+                    cached.selector = selector;
+                }
+                return cached;
+            };
+
+            /**
+             * A low-level selection function that works with Sizzle's compiled
+             *  selector functions
+             * @param {String|Function} selector A selector or a pre-compiled
+             *  selector function built with Sizzle.compile
+             * @param {Element} context
+             * @param {Array} [results]
+             * @param {Array} [seed] A set of elements to match against
+             */
+            select = Sizzle.select = function (selector, context, results, seed) {
+                var i, tokens, token, type, find,
+                    compiled = typeof selector === "function" && selector,
+                    match = !seed && tokenize((selector = compiled.selector || selector));
+
+                results = results || [];
+
+                // Try to minimize operations if there is no seed and only one group
+                if (match.length === 1) {
+
+                    // Take a shortcut and set the context if the root selector is an ID
+                    tokens = match[0] = match[0].slice(0);
+                    if (tokens.length > 2 && (token = tokens[0]).type === "ID" &&
+                        support.getById && context.nodeType === 9 && documentIsHTML &&
+                        Expr.relative[tokens[1].type]) {
+
+                        context = (Expr.find["ID"](token.matches[0].replace(runescape, funescape), context) || [])[0];
+                        if (!context) {
+                            return results;
+
+                            // Precompiled matchers will still verify ancestry, so step up a level
+                        } else if (compiled) {
+                            context = context.parentNode;
+                        }
+
+                        selector = selector.slice(tokens.shift().value.length);
+                    }
+
+                    // Fetch a seed set for right-to-left matching
+                    i = matchExpr["needsContext"].test(selector) ? 0 : tokens.length;
+                    while (i--) {
+                        token = tokens[i];
+
+                        // Abort if we hit a combinator
+                        if (Expr.relative[(type = token.type)]) {
+                            break;
+                        }
+                        if ((find = Expr.find[type])) {
+                            // Search, expanding context for leading sibling combinators
+                            if ((seed = find(
+                                token.matches[0].replace(runescape, funescape),
+                                rsibling.test(tokens[0].type) && testContext(context.parentNode) || context
+                            ))) {
+
+                                // If seed is empty or no tokens remain, we can return early
+                                tokens.splice(i, 1);
+                                selector = seed.length && toSelector(tokens);
+                                if (!selector) {
+                                    push.apply(results, seed);
+                                    return results;
+                                }
+
+                                break;
+                            }
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+
+                // Compile and execute a filtering function if one is not provided
+                // Provide `match` to avoid retokenization if we modified the selector above
+                (compiled || compile(selector, match))(
+                    seed,
+                    context,
+                    !documentIsHTML,
+                    results,
+                    rsibling.test(selector) && testContext(context.parentNode) || context
+                );
+                return results;
+            };
+
+            // One-time assignments
+
+            // Sort stability
+            support.sortStable = expando.split("").sort(sortOrder).join("") === expando;
+
+            // Support: Chrome<14
+            // Always assume duplicates if they aren't passed to the comparison function
+            support.detectDuplicates = !!hasDuplicate;
+
+            // Initialize against the default document
+            setDocument();
+
+            // Support: Webkit<537.32 - Safari 6.0.3/Chrome 25 (fixed in Chrome 27)
+            // Detached nodes confoundingly follow *each other*
+            support.sortDetached = assert(function (div1) {
+                // Should return 1, but returns 4 (following)
+                return div1.compareDocumentPosition(document.createElement("div")) & 1;
+            });
+
+            // Support: IE<8
+            // Prevent attribute/property "interpolation"
+            // http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms536429%28VS.85%29.aspx
+            if (!assert(function (div) {
+                div.innerHTML = "<a href='#'></a>";
+                return div.firstChild.getAttribute("href") === "#";
+            })) {
+                addHandle("type|href|height|width", function (elem, name, isXML) {
+                    if (!isXML) {
+                        return elem.getAttribute(name, name.toLowerCase() === "type" ? 1 : 2);
+                    }
+                });
+            }
+
+            // Support: IE<9
+            // Use defaultValue in place of getAttribute("value")
+            if (!support.attributes || !assert(function (div) {
+                div.innerHTML = "<input/>";
+                div.firstChild.setAttribute("value", "");
+                return div.firstChild.getAttribute("value") === "";
+            })) {
+                addHandle("value", function (elem, name, isXML) {
+                    if (!isXML && elem.nodeName.toLowerCase() === "input") {
+                        return elem.defaultValue;
+                    }
+                });
+            }
+
+            // Support: IE<9
+            // Use getAttributeNode to fetch booleans when getAttribute lies
+            if (!assert(function (div) {
+                return div.getAttribute("disabled") == null;
+            })) {
+                addHandle(booleans, function (elem, name, isXML) {
+                    var val;
+                    if (!isXML) {
+                        return elem[name] === true ? name.toLowerCase() :
+                            (val = elem.getAttributeNode(name)) && val.specified ?
+                                val.value :
+                                null;
+                    }
+                });
+            }
+
+            return Sizzle;
+
+        })(window);
+
+
+
+    jQuery.find = Sizzle;
+    jQuery.expr = Sizzle.selectors;
+    jQuery.expr[":"] = jQuery.expr.pseudos;
+    jQuery.unique = Sizzle.uniqueSort;
+    jQuery.text = Sizzle.getText;
+    jQuery.isXMLDoc = Sizzle.isXML;
+    jQuery.contains = Sizzle.contains;
+
+
+
+    var rneedsContext = jQuery.expr.match.needsContext;
+
+    var rsingleTag = (/^<(\w+)\s*\/?>(?:<\/\1>|)$/);
+
+
+
+    var risSimple = /^.[^:#\[\.,]*$/;
+
+    // Implement the identical functionality for filter and not
+    function winnow(elements, qualifier, not) {
+        if (jQuery.isFunction(qualifier)) {
+            return jQuery.grep(elements, function (elem, i) {
+                /* jshint -W018 */
+                return !!qualifier.call(elem, i, elem) !== not;
+            });
+
+        }
+
+        if (qualifier.nodeType) {
+            return jQuery.grep(elements, function (elem) {
+                return (elem === qualifier) !== not;
+            });
+
+        }
+
+        if (typeof qualifier === "string") {
+            if (risSimple.test(qualifier)) {
+                return jQuery.filter(qualifier, elements, not);
+            }
+
+            qualifier = jQuery.filter(qualifier, elements);
+        }
+
+        return jQuery.grep(elements, function (elem) {
+            return (jQuery.inArray(elem, qualifier) >= 0) !== not;
+        });
+    }
+
+    jQuery.filter = function (expr, elems, not) {
+        var elem = elems[0];
+
+        if (not) {
+            expr = ":not(" + expr + ")";
+        }
+
+        return elems.length === 1 && elem.nodeType === 1 ?
+            jQuery.find.matchesSelector(elem, expr) ? [elem] : [] :
+            jQuery.find.matches(expr, jQuery.grep(elems, function (elem) {
+                return elem.nodeType === 1;
+            }));
+    };
+
+    jQuery.fn.extend({
+        find: function (selector) {
+            var i,
+                ret = [],
+                self = this,
+                len = self.length;
+
+            if (typeof selector !== "string") {
+                return this.pushStack(jQuery(selector).filter(function () {
+                    for (i = 0; i < len; i++) {
+                        if (jQuery.contains(self[i], this)) {
+                            return true;
+                        }
+                    }
+                }));
+            }
+
+            for (i = 0; i < len; i++) {
+                jQuery.find(selector, self[i], ret);
+            }
+
+            // Needed because $( selector, context ) becomes $( context ).find( selector )
+            ret = this.pushStack(len > 1 ? jQuery.unique(ret) : ret);
+            ret.selector = this.selector ? this.selector + " " + selector : selector;
+            return ret;
+        },
+        filter: function (selector) {
+            return this.pushStack(winnow(this, selector || [], false));
+        },
+        not: function (selector) {
+            return this.pushStack(winnow(this, selector || [], true));
+        },
+        is: function (selector) {
+            return !!winnow(
+                this,
+
+                // If this is a positional/relative selector, check membership in the returned set
+                // so $("p:first").is("p:last") won't return true for a doc with two "p".
+                typeof selector === "string" && rneedsContext.test(selector) ?
+                    jQuery(selector) :
+                    selector || [],
+                false
+            ).length;
+        }
+    });
+
+
+    // Initialize a jQuery object
+
+
+    // A central reference to the root jQuery(document)
+    var rootjQuery,
+
+        // Use the correct document accordingly with window argument (sandbox)
+        document = window.document,
+
+        // A simple way to check for HTML strings
+        // Prioritize #id over <tag> to avoid XSS via location.hash (#9521)
+        // Strict HTML recognition (#11290: must start with <)
+        rquickExpr = /^(?:\s*(<[\w\W]+>)[^>]*|#([\w-]*))$/,
+
+        init = jQuery.fn.init = function (selector, context) {
+            var match, elem;
+
+            // HANDLE: $(""), $(null), $(undefined), $(false)
+            if (!selector) {
+                return this;
+            }
+
+            // Handle HTML strings
+            if (typeof selector === "string") {
+                if (selector.charAt(0) === "<" && selector.charAt(selector.length - 1) === ">" && selector.length >= 3) {
+                    // Assume that strings that start and end with <> are HTML and skip the regex check
+                    match = [null, selector, null];
+
+                } else {
+                    match = rquickExpr.exec(selector);
+                }
+
+                // Match html or make sure no context is specified for #id
+                if (match && (match[1] || !context)) {
+
+                    // HANDLE: $(html) -> $(array)
+                    if (match[1]) {
+                        context = context instanceof jQuery ? context[0] : context;
+
+                        // scripts is true for back-compat
+                        // Intentionally let the error be thrown if parseHTML is not present
+                        jQuery.merge(this, jQuery.parseHTML(
+                            match[1],
+                            context && context.nodeType ? context.ownerDocument || context : document,
+                            true
+                        ));
+
+                        // HANDLE: $(html, props)
+                        if (rsingleTag.test(match[1]) && jQuery.isPlainObject(context)) {
+                            for (match in context) {
+                                // Properties of context are called as methods if possible
+                                if (jQuery.isFunction(this[match])) {
+                                    this[match](context[match]);
+
+                                    // ...and otherwise set as attributes
+                                } else {
+                                    this.attr(match, context[match]);
+                                }
+                            }
+                        }
+
+                        return this;
+
+                        // HANDLE: $(#id)
+                    } else {
+                        elem = document.getElementById(match[2]);
+
+                        // Check parentNode to catch when Blackberry 4.6 returns
+                        // nodes that are no longer in the document #6963
+                        if (elem && elem.parentNode) {
+                            // Handle the case where IE and Opera return items
+                            // by name instead of ID
+                            if (elem.id !== match[2]) {
+                                return rootjQuery.find(selector);
+                            }
+
+                            // Otherwise, we inject the element directly into the jQuery object
+                            this.length = 1;
+                            this[0] = elem;
+                        }
+
+                        this.context = document;
+                        this.selector = selector;
+                        return this;
+                    }
+
+                    // HANDLE: $(expr, $(...))
+                } else if (!context || context.jquery) {
+                    return (context || rootjQuery).find(selector);
+
+                    // HANDLE: $(expr, context)
+                    // (which is just equivalent to: $(context).find(expr)
+                } else {
+                    return this.constructor(context).find(selector);
+                }
+
+                // HANDLE: $(DOMElement)
+            } else if (selector.nodeType) {
+                this.context = this[0] = selector;
+                this.length = 1;
+                return this;
+
+                // HANDLE: $(function)
+                // Shortcut for document ready
+            } else if (jQuery.isFunction(selector)) {
+                return typeof rootjQuery.ready !== "undefined" ?
+                    rootjQuery.ready(selector) :
+                    // Execute immediately if ready is not present
+                    selector(jQuery);
+            }
+
+            if (selector.selector !== undefined) {
+                this.selector = selector.selector;
+                this.context = selector.context;
+            }
+
+            return jQuery.makeArray(selector, this);
+        };
+
+    // Give the init function the jQuery prototype for later instantiation
+    init.prototype = jQuery.fn;
+
+    // Initialize central reference
+    rootjQuery = jQuery(document);
+
+
+    var rparentsprev = /^(?:parents|prev(?:Until|All))/,
+        // methods guaranteed to produce a unique set when starting from a unique set
+        guaranteedUnique = {
+            children: true,
+            contents: true,
+            next: true,
+            prev: true
+        };
+
+    jQuery.extend({
+        dir: function (elem, dir, until) {
+            var matched = [],
+                cur = elem[dir];
+
+            while (cur && cur.nodeType !== 9 && (until === undefined || cur.nodeType !== 1 || !jQuery(cur).is(until))) {
+                if (cur.nodeType === 1) {
+                    matched.push(cur);
+                }
+                cur = cur[dir];
+            }
+            return matched;
+        },
+
+        sibling: function (n, elem) {
+            var r = [];
+
+            for (; n; n = n.nextSibling) {
+                if (n.nodeType === 1 && n !== elem) {
+                    r.push(n);
+                }
+            }
+
+            return r;
+        }
+    });
+
+    jQuery.fn.extend({
+        has: function (target) {
+            var i,
+                targets = jQuery(target, this),
+                len = targets.length;
+
+            return this.filter(function () {
+                for (i = 0; i < len; i++) {
+                    if (jQuery.contains(this, targets[i])) {
+                        return true;
+                    }
+                }
+            });
+        },
+
+        closest: function (selectors, context) {
+            var cur,
+                i = 0,
+                l = this.length,
+                matched = [],
+                pos = rneedsContext.test(selectors) || typeof selectors !== "string" ?
+                    jQuery(selectors, context || this.context) :
+                    0;
+
+            for (; i < l; i++) {
+                for (cur = this[i]; cur && cur !== context; cur = cur.parentNode) {
+                    // Always skip document fragments
+                    if (cur.nodeType < 11 && (pos ?
+                        pos.index(cur) > -1 :
+
+                        // Don't pass non-elements to Sizzle
+                        cur.nodeType === 1 &&
+                        jQuery.find.matchesSelector(cur, selectors))) {
+
+                        matched.push(cur);
+                        break;
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+
+            return this.pushStack(matched.length > 1 ? jQuery.unique(matched) : matched);
+        },
+
+        // Determine the position of an element within
+        // the matched set of elements
+        index: function (elem) {
+
+            // No argument, return index in parent
+            if (!elem) {
+                return (this[0] && this[0].parentNode) ? this.first().prevAll().length : -1;
+            }
+
+            // index in selector
+            if (typeof elem === "string") {
+                return jQuery.inArray(this[0], jQuery(elem));
+            }
+
+            // Locate the position of the desired element
+            return jQuery.inArray(
+                // If it receives a jQuery object, the first element is used
+                elem.jquery ? elem[0] : elem, this);
+        },
+
+        add: function (selector, context) {
+            return this.pushStack(
+                jQuery.unique(
+                    jQuery.merge(this.get(), jQuery(selector, context))
+                )
+            );
+        },
+
+        addBack: function (selector) {
+            return this.add(selector == null ?
+                this.prevObject : this.prevObject.filter(selector)
+            );
+        }
+    });
+
+    function sibling(cur, dir) {
+        do {
+            cur = cur[dir];
+        } while (cur && cur.nodeType !== 1);
+
+        return cur;
+    }
+
+    jQuery.each({
+        parent: function (elem) {
+            var parent = elem.parentNode;
+            return parent && parent.nodeType !== 11 ? parent : null;
+        },
+        parents: function (elem) {
+            return jQuery.dir(elem, "parentNode");
+        },
+        parentsUntil: function (elem, i, until) {
+            return jQuery.dir(elem, "parentNode", until);
+        },
+        next: function (elem) {
+            return sibling(elem, "nextSibling");
+        },
+        prev: function (elem) {
+            return sibling(elem, "previousSibling");
+        },
+        nextAll: function (elem) {
+            return jQuery.dir(elem, "nextSibling");
+        },
+        prevAll: function (elem) {
+            return jQuery.dir(elem, "previousSibling");
+        },
+        nextUntil: function (elem, i, until) {
+            return jQuery.dir(elem, "nextSibling", until);
+        },
+        prevUntil: function (elem, i, until) {
+            return jQuery.dir(elem, "previousSibling", until);
+        },
+        siblings: function (elem) {
+            return jQuery.sibling((elem.parentNode || {}).firstChild, elem);
+        },
+        children: function (elem) {
+            return jQuery.sibling(elem.firstChild);
+        },
+        contents: function (elem) {
+            return jQuery.nodeName(elem, "iframe") ?
+                elem.contentDocument || elem.contentWindow.document :
+                jQuery.merge([], elem.childNodes);
+        }
+    }, function (name, fn) {
+        jQuery.fn[name] = function (until, selector) {
+            var ret = jQuery.map(this, fn, until);
+
+            if (name.slice(-5) !== "Until") {
+                selector = until;
+            }
+
+            if (selector && typeof selector === "string") {
+                ret = jQuery.filter(selector, ret);
+            }
+
+            if (this.length > 1) {
+                // Remove duplicates
+                if (!guaranteedUnique[name]) {
+                    ret = jQuery.unique(ret);
+                }
+
+                // Reverse order for parents* and prev-derivatives
+                if (rparentsprev.test(name)) {
+                    ret = ret.reverse();
+                }
+            }
+
+            return this.pushStack(ret);
+        };
+    });
+    var rnotwhite = (/\S+/g);
+
+
+
+    // String to Object options format cache
+    var optionsCache = {};
+
+    // Convert String-formatted options into Object-formatted ones and store in cache
+    function createOptions(options) {
+        var object = optionsCache[options] = {};
+        jQuery.each(options.match(rnotwhite) || [], function (_, flag) {
+            object[flag] = true;
+        });
+        return object;
+    }
+
+    /*
+     * Create a callback list using the following parameters:
+     *
+     *	options: an optional list of space-separated options that will change how
+     *			the callback list behaves or a more traditional option object
+     *
+     * By default a callback list will act like an event callback list and can be
+     * "fired" multiple times.
+     *
+     * Possible options:
+     *
+     *	once:			will ensure the callback list can only be fired once (like a Deferred)
+     *
+     *	memory:			will keep track of previous values and will call any callback added
+     *					after the list has been fired right away with the latest "memorized"
+     *					values (like a Deferred)
+     *
+     *	unique:			will ensure a callback can only be added once (no duplicate in the list)
+     *
+     *	stopOnFalse:	interrupt callings when a callback returns false
+     *
+     */
+    jQuery.Callbacks = function (options) {
+
+        // Convert options from String-formatted to Object-formatted if needed
+        // (we check in cache first)
+        options = typeof options === "string" ?
+            (optionsCache[options] || createOptions(options)) :
+            jQuery.extend({}, options);
+
+        var // Flag to know if list is currently firing
+            firing,
+            // Last fire value (for non-forgettable lists)
+            memory,
+            // Flag to know if list was already fired
+            fired,
+            // End of the loop when firing
+            firingLength,
+            // Index of currently firing callback (modified by remove if needed)
+            firingIndex,
+            // First callback to fire (used internally by add and fireWith)
+            firingStart,
+            // Actual callback list
+            list = [],
+            // Stack of fire calls for repeatable lists
+            stack = !options.once && [],
+            // Fire callbacks
+            fire = function (data) {
+                memory = options.memory && data;
+                fired = true;
+                firingIndex = firingStart || 0;
+                firingStart = 0;
+                firingLength = list.length;
+                firing = true;
+                for (; list && firingIndex < firingLength; firingIndex++) {
+                    if (list[firingIndex].apply(data[0], data[1]) === false && options.stopOnFalse) {
+                        memory = false; // To prevent further calls using add
+                        break;
+                    }
+                }
+                firing = false;
+                if (list) {
+                    if (stack) {
+                        if (stack.length) {
+                            fire(stack.shift());
+                        }
+                    } else if (memory) {
+                        list = [];
+                    } else {
+                        self.disable();
+                    }
+                }
+            },
+            // Actual Callbacks object
+            self = {
+                // Add a callback or a collection of callbacks to the list
+                add: function () {
+                    if (list) {
+                        // First, we save the current length
+                        var start = list.length;
+                        (function add(args) {
+                            jQuery.each(args, function (_, arg) {
+                                var type = jQuery.type(arg);
+                                if (type === "function") {
+                                    if (!options.unique || !self.has(arg)) {
+                                        list.push(arg);
+                                    }
+                                } else if (arg && arg.length && type !== "string") {
+                                    // Inspect recursively
+                                    add(arg);
+                                }
+                            });
+                        })(arguments);
+                        // Do we need to add the callbacks to the
+                        // current firing batch?
+                        if (firing) {
+                            firingLength = list.length;
+                            // With memory, if we're not firing then
+                            // we should call right away
+                        } else if (memory) {
+                            firingStart = start;
+                            fire(memory);
+                        }
+                    }
+                    return this;
+                },
+                // Remove a callback from the list
+                remove: function () {
+                    if (list) {
+                        jQuery.each(arguments, function (_, arg) {
+                            var index;
+                            while ((index = jQuery.inArray(arg, list, index)) > -1) {
+                                list.splice(index, 1);
+                                // Handle firing indexes
+                                if (firing) {
+                                    if (index <= firingLength) {
+                                        firingLength--;
+                                    }
+                                    if (index <= firingIndex) {
+                                        firingIndex--;
+                                    }
+                                }
+                            }
+                        });
+                    }
+                    return this;
+                },
+                // Check if a given callback is in the list.
+                // If no argument is given, return whether or not list has callbacks attached.
+                has: function (fn) {
+                    return fn ? jQuery.inArray(fn, list) > -1 : !!(list && list.length);
+                },
+                // Remove all callbacks from the list
+                empty: function () {
+                    list = [];
+                    firingLength = 0;
+                    return this;
+                },
+                // Have the list do nothing anymore
+                disable: function () {
+                    list = stack = memory = undefined;
+                    return this;
+                },
+                // Is it disabled?
+                disabled: function () {
+                    return !list;
+                },
+                // Lock the list in its current state
+                lock: function () {
+                    stack = undefined;
+                    if (!memory) {
+                        self.disable();
+                    }
+                    return this;
+                },
+                // Is it locked?
+                locked: function () {
+                    return !stack;
+                },
+                // Call all callbacks with the given context and arguments
+                fireWith: function (context, args) {
+                    if (list && (!fired || stack)) {
+                        args = args || [];
+                        args = [context, args.slice ? args.slice() : args];
+                        if (firing) {
+                            stack.push(args);
+                        } else {
+                            fire(args);
+                        }
+                    }
+                    return this;
+                },
+                // Call all the callbacks with the given arguments
+                fire: function () {
+                    self.fireWith(this, arguments);
+                    return this;
+                },
+                // To know if the callbacks have already been called at least once
+                fired: function () {
+                    return !!fired;
+                }
+            };
+
+        return self;
+    };
+
+
+    jQuery.extend({
+
+        Deferred: function (func) {
+            var tuples = [
+                // action, add listener, listener list, final state
+                ["resolve", "done", jQuery.Callbacks("once memory"), "resolved"],
+                ["reject", "fail", jQuery.Callbacks("once memory"), "rejected"],
+                ["notify", "progress", jQuery.Callbacks("memory")]
+            ],
+                state = "pending",
+                promise = {
+                    state: function () {
+                        return state;
+                    },
+                    always: function () {
+                        deferred.done(arguments).fail(arguments);
+                        return this;
+                    },
+                    then: function ( /* fnDone, fnFail, fnProgress */) {
+                        var fns = arguments;
+                        return jQuery.Deferred(function (newDefer) {
+                            jQuery.each(tuples, function (i, tuple) {
+                                var fn = jQuery.isFunction(fns[i]) && fns[i];
+                                // deferred[ done | fail | progress ] for forwarding actions to newDefer
+                                deferred[tuple[1]](function () {
+                                    var returned = fn && fn.apply(this, arguments);
+                                    if (returned && jQuery.isFunction(returned.promise)) {
+                                        returned.promise()
+                                            .done(newDefer.resolve)
+                                            .fail(newDefer.reject)
+                                            .progress(newDefer.notify);
+                                    } else {
+                                        newDefer[tuple[0] + "With"](this === promise ? newDefer.promise() : this, fn ? [returned] : arguments);
+                                    }
+                                });
+                            });
+                            fns = null;
+                        }).promise();
+                    },
+                    // Get a promise for this deferred
+                    // If obj is provided, the promise aspect is added to the object
+                    promise: function (obj) {
+                        return obj != null ? jQuery.extend(obj, promise) : promise;
+                    }
+                },
+                deferred = {};
+
+            // Keep pipe for back-compat
+            promise.pipe = promise.then;
+
+            // Add list-specific methods
+            jQuery.each(tuples, function (i, tuple) {
+                var list = tuple[2],
+                    stateString = tuple[3];
+
+                // promise[ done | fail | progress ] = list.add
+                promise[tuple[1]] = list.add;
+
+                // Handle state
+                if (stateString) {
+                    list.add(function () {
+                        // state = [ resolved | rejected ]
+                        state = stateString;
+
+                        // [ reject_list | resolve_list ].disable; progress_list.lock
+                    }, tuples[i ^ 1][2].disable, tuples[2][2].lock);
+                }
+
+                // deferred[ resolve | reject | notify ]
+                deferred[tuple[0]] = function () {
+                    deferred[tuple[0] + "With"](this === deferred ? promise : this, arguments);
+                    return this;
+                };
+                deferred[tuple[0] + "With"] = list.fireWith;
+            });
+
+            // Make the deferred a promise
+            promise.promise(deferred);
+
+            // Call given func if any
+            if (func) {
+                func.call(deferred, deferred);
+            }
+
+            // All done!
+            return deferred;
+        },
+
+        // Deferred helper
+        when: function (subordinate /* , ..., subordinateN */) {
+            var i = 0,
+                resolveValues = slice.call(arguments),
+                length = resolveValues.length,
+
+                // the count of uncompleted subordinates
+                remaining = length !== 1 || (subordinate && jQuery.isFunction(subordinate.promise)) ? length : 0,
+
+                // the master Deferred. If resolveValues consist of only a single Deferred, just use that.
+                deferred = remaining === 1 ? subordinate : jQuery.Deferred(),
+
+                // Update function for both resolve and progress values
+                updateFunc = function (i, contexts, values) {
+                    return function (value) {
+                        contexts[i] = this;
+                        values[i] = arguments.length > 1 ? slice.call(arguments) : value;
+                        if (values === progressValues) {
+                            deferred.notifyWith(contexts, values);
+
+                        } else if (!(--remaining)) {
+                            deferred.resolveWith(contexts, values);
+                        }
+                    };
+                },
+
+                progressValues, progressContexts, resolveContexts;
+
+            // add listeners to Deferred subordinates; treat others as resolved
+            if (length > 1) {
+                progressValues = new Array(length);
+                progressContexts = new Array(length);
+                resolveContexts = new Array(length);
+                for (; i < length; i++) {
+                    if (resolveValues[i] && jQuery.isFunction(resolveValues[i].promise)) {
+                        resolveValues[i].promise()
+                            .done(updateFunc(i, resolveContexts, resolveValues))
+                            .fail(deferred.reject)
+                            .progress(updateFunc(i, progressContexts, progressValues));
+                    } else {
+                        --remaining;
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+
+            // if we're not waiting on anything, resolve the master
+            if (!remaining) {
+                deferred.resolveWith(resolveContexts, resolveValues);
+            }
+
+            return deferred.promise();
+        }
+    });
+
+
+    // The deferred used on DOM ready
+    var readyList;
+
+    jQuery.fn.ready = function (fn) {
+        // Add the callback
+        jQuery.ready.promise().done(fn);
+
+        return this;
+    };
+
+    jQuery.extend({
+        // Is the DOM ready to be used? Set to true once it occurs.
+        isReady: false,
+
+        // A counter to track how many items to wait for before
+        // the ready event fires. See #6781
+        readyWait: 1,
+
+        // Hold (or release) the ready event
+        holdReady: function (hold) {
+            if (hold) {
+                jQuery.readyWait++;
+            } else {
+                jQuery.ready(true);
+            }
+        },
+
+        // Handle when the DOM is ready
+        ready: function (wait) {
+
+            // Abort if there are pending holds or we're already ready
+            if (wait === true ? --jQuery.readyWait : jQuery.isReady) {
+                return;
+            }
+
+            // Make sure body exists, at least, in case IE gets a little overzealous (ticket #5443).
+            if (!document.body) {
+                return setTimeout(jQuery.ready);
+            }
+
+            // Remember that the DOM is ready
+            jQuery.isReady = true;
+
+            // If a normal DOM Ready event fired, decrement, and wait if need be
+            if (wait !== true && --jQuery.readyWait > 0) {
+                return;
+            }
+
+            // If there are functions bound, to execute
+            readyList.resolveWith(document, [jQuery]);
+
+            // Trigger any bound ready events
+            if (jQuery.fn.triggerHandler) {
+                jQuery(document).triggerHandler("ready");
+                jQuery(document).off("ready");
+            }
+        }
+    });
+
+    /**
+     * Clean-up method for dom ready events
+     */
+    function detach() {
+        if (document.addEventListener) {
+            document.removeEventListener("DOMContentLoaded", completed, false);
+            window.removeEventListener("load", completed, false);
+
+        } else {
+            document.detachEvent("onreadystatechange", completed);
+            window.detachEvent("onload", completed);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * The ready event handler and self cleanup method
+     */
+    function completed() {
+        // readyState === "complete" is good enough for us to call the dom ready in oldIE
+        if (document.addEventListener || event.type === "load" || document.readyState === "complete") {
+            detach();
+            jQuery.ready();
+        }
+    }
+
+    jQuery.ready.promise = function (obj) {
+        if (!readyList) {
+
+            readyList = jQuery.Deferred();
+
+            // Catch cases where $(document).ready() is called after the browser event has already occurred.
+            // we once tried to use readyState "interactive" here, but it caused issues like the one
+            // discovered by ChrisS here: http://bugs.jquery.com/ticket/12282#comment:15
+            if (document.readyState === "complete") {
+                // Handle it asynchronously to allow scripts the opportunity to delay ready
+                setTimeout(jQuery.ready);
+
+                // Standards-based browsers support DOMContentLoaded
+            } else if (document.addEventListener) {
+                // Use the handy event callback
+                document.addEventListener("DOMContentLoaded", completed, false);
+
+                // A fallback to window.onload, that will always work
+                window.addEventListener("load", completed, false);
+
+                // If IE event model is used
+            } else {
+                // Ensure firing before onload, maybe late but safe also for iframes
+                document.attachEvent("onreadystatechange", completed);
+
+                // A fallback to window.onload, that will always work
+                window.attachEvent("onload", completed);
+
+                // If IE and not a frame
+                // continually check to see if the document is ready
+                var top = false;
+
+                try {
+                    top = window.frameElement == null && document.documentElement;
+                } catch (e) { }
+
+                if (top && top.doScroll) {
+                    (function doScrollCheck() {
+                        if (!jQuery.isReady) {
+
+                            try {
+                                // Use the trick by Diego Perini
+                                // http://javascript.nwbox.com/IEContentLoaded/
+                                top.doScroll("left");
+                            } catch (e) {
+                                return setTimeout(doScrollCheck, 50);
+                            }
+
+                            // detach all dom ready events
+                            detach();
+
+                            // and execute any waiting functions
+                            jQuery.ready();
+                        }
+                    })();
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        return readyList.promise(obj);
+    };
+
+
+    var strundefined = typeof undefined;
+
+
+
+    // Support: IE<9
+    // Iteration over object's inherited properties before its own
+    var i;
+    for (i in jQuery(support)) {
+        break;
+    }
+    support.ownLast = i !== "0";
+
+    // Note: most support tests are defined in their respective modules.
+    // false until the test is run
+    support.inlineBlockNeedsLayout = false;
+
+    // Execute ASAP in case we need to set body.style.zoom
+    jQuery(function () {
+        // Minified: var a,b,c,d
+        var val, div, body, container;
+
+        body = document.getElementsByTagName("body")[0];
+        if (!body || !body.style) {
+            // Return for frameset docs that don't have a body
+            return;
+        }
+
+        // Setup
+        div = document.createElement("div");
+        container = document.createElement("div");
+        container.style.cssText = "position:absolute;border:0;width:0;height:0;top:0;left:-9999px";
+        body.appendChild(container).appendChild(div);
+
+        if (typeof div.style.zoom !== strundefined) {
+            // Support: IE<8
+            // Check if natively block-level elements act like inline-block
+            // elements when setting their display to 'inline' and giving
+            // them layout
+            div.style.cssText = "display:inline;margin:0;border:0;padding:1px;width:1px;zoom:1";
+
+            support.inlineBlockNeedsLayout = val = div.offsetWidth === 3;
+            if (val) {
+                // Prevent IE 6 from affecting layout for positioned elements #11048
+                // Prevent IE from shrinking the body in IE 7 mode #12869
+                // Support: IE<8
+                body.style.zoom = 1;
+            }
+        }
+
+        body.removeChild(container);
+    });
+
+
+
+
+    (function () {
+        var div = document.createElement("div");
+
+        // Execute the test only if not already executed in another module.
+        if (support.deleteExpando == null) {
+            // Support: IE<9
+            support.deleteExpando = true;
+            try {
+                delete div.test;
+            } catch (e) {
+                support.deleteExpando = false;
+            }
+        }
+
+        // Null elements to avoid leaks in IE.
+        div = null;
+    })();
+
+
+    /**
+     * Determines whether an object can have data
+     */
+    jQuery.acceptData = function (elem) {
+        var noData = jQuery.noData[(elem.nodeName + " ").toLowerCase()],
+            nodeType = +elem.nodeType || 1;
+
+        // Do not set data on non-element DOM nodes because it will not be cleared (#8335).
+        return nodeType !== 1 && nodeType !== 9 ?
+            false :
+
+            // Nodes accept data unless otherwise specified; rejection can be conditional
+            !noData || noData !== true && elem.getAttribute("classid") === noData;
+    };
+
+
+    var rbrace = /^(?:\{[\w\W]*\}|\[[\w\W]*\])$/,
+        rmultiDash = /([A-Z])/g;
+
+    function dataAttr(elem, key, data) {
+        // If nothing was found internally, try to fetch any
+        // data from the HTML5 data-* attribute
+        if (data === undefined && elem.nodeType === 1) {
+
+            var name = "data-" + key.replace(rmultiDash, "-$1").toLowerCase();
+
+            data = elem.getAttribute(name);
+
+            if (typeof data === "string") {
+                try {
+                    data = data === "true" ? true :
+                        data === "false" ? false :
+                            data === "null" ? null :
+                                // Only convert to a number if it doesn't change the string
+                                +data + "" === data ? +data :
+                                    rbrace.test(data) ? jQuery.parseJSON(data) :
+                                        data;
+                } catch (e) { }
+
+                // Make sure we set the data so it isn't changed later
+                jQuery.data(elem, key, data);
+
+            } else {
+                data = undefined;
+            }
+        }
+
+        return data;
+    }
+
+    // checks a cache object for emptiness
+    function isEmptyDataObject(obj) {
+        var name;
+        for (name in obj) {
+
+            // if the public data object is empty, the private is still empty
+            if (name === "data" && jQuery.isEmptyObject(obj[name])) {
+                continue;
+            }
+            if (name !== "toJSON") {
+                return false;
+            }
+        }
+
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    function internalData(elem, name, data, pvt /* Internal Use Only */) {
+        if (!jQuery.acceptData(elem)) {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        var ret, thisCache,
+            internalKey = jQuery.expando,
+
+            // We have to handle DOM nodes and JS objects differently because IE6-7
+            // can't GC object references properly across the DOM-JS boundary
+            isNode = elem.nodeType,
+
+            // Only DOM nodes need the global jQuery cache; JS object data is
+            // attached directly to the object so GC can occur automatically
+            cache = isNode ? jQuery.cache : elem,
+
+            // Only defining an ID for JS objects if its cache already exists allows
+            // the code to shortcut on the same path as a DOM node with no cache
+            id = isNode ? elem[internalKey] : elem[internalKey] && internalKey;
+
+        // Avoid doing any more work than we need to when trying to get data on an
+        // object that has no data at all
+        if ((!id || !cache[id] || (!pvt && !cache[id].data)) && data === undefined && typeof name === "string") {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        if (!id) {
+            // Only DOM nodes need a new unique ID for each element since their data
+            // ends up in the global cache
+            if (isNode) {
+                id = elem[internalKey] = deletedIds.pop() || jQuery.guid++;
+            } else {
+                id = internalKey;
+            }
+        }
+
+        if (!cache[id]) {
+            // Avoid exposing jQuery metadata on plain JS objects when the object
+            // is serialized using JSON.stringify
+            cache[id] = isNode ? {} : { toJSON: jQuery.noop };
+        }
+
+        // An object can be passed to jQuery.data instead of a key/value pair; this gets
+        // shallow copied over onto the existing cache
+        if (typeof name === "object" || typeof name === "function") {
+            if (pvt) {
+                cache[id] = jQuery.extend(cache[id], name);
+            } else {
+                cache[id].data = jQuery.extend(cache[id].data, name);
+            }
+        }
+
+        thisCache = cache[id];
+
+        // jQuery data() is stored in a separate object inside the object's internal data
+        // cache in order to avoid key collisions between internal data and user-defined
+        // data.
+        if (!pvt) {
+            if (!thisCache.data) {
+                thisCache.data = {};
+            }
+
+            thisCache = thisCache.data;
+        }
+
+        if (data !== undefined) {
+            thisCache[jQuery.camelCase(name)] = data;
+        }
+
+        // Check for both converted-to-camel and non-converted data property names
+        // If a data property was specified
+        if (typeof name === "string") {
+
+            // First Try to find as-is property data
+            ret = thisCache[name];
+
+            // Test for null|undefined property data
+            if (ret == null) {
+
+                // Try to find the camelCased property
+                ret = thisCache[jQuery.camelCase(name)];
+            }
+        } else {
+            ret = thisCache;
+        }
+
+        return ret;
+    }
+
+    function internalRemoveData(elem, name, pvt) {
+        if (!jQuery.acceptData(elem)) {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        var thisCache, i,
+            isNode = elem.nodeType,
+
+            // See jQuery.data for more information
+            cache = isNode ? jQuery.cache : elem,
+            id = isNode ? elem[jQuery.expando] : jQuery.expando;
+
+        // If there is already no cache entry for this object, there is no
+        // purpose in continuing
+        if (!cache[id]) {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        if (name) {
+
+            thisCache = pvt ? cache[id] : cache[id].data;
+
+            if (thisCache) {
+
+                // Support array or space separated string names for data keys
+                if (!jQuery.isArray(name)) {
+
+                    // try the string as a key before any manipulation
+                    if (name in thisCache) {
+                        name = [name];
+                    } else {
+
+                        // split the camel cased version by spaces unless a key with the spaces exists
+                        name = jQuery.camelCase(name);
+                        if (name in thisCache) {
+                            name = [name];
+                        } else {
+                            name = name.split(" ");
+                        }
+                    }
+                } else {
+                    // If "name" is an array of keys...
+                    // When data is initially created, via ("key", "val") signature,
+                    // keys will be converted to camelCase.
+                    // Since there is no way to tell _how_ a key was added, remove
+                    // both plain key and camelCase key. #12786
+                    // This will only penalize the array argument path.
+                    name = name.concat(jQuery.map(name, jQuery.camelCase));
+                }
+
+                i = name.length;
+                while (i--) {
+                    delete thisCache[name[i]];
+                }
+
+                // If there is no data left in the cache, we want to continue
+                // and let the cache object itself get destroyed
+                if (pvt ? !isEmptyDataObject(thisCache) : !jQuery.isEmptyObject(thisCache)) {
+                    return;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        // See jQuery.data for more information
+        if (!pvt) {
+            delete cache[id].data;
+
+            // Don't destroy the parent cache unless the internal data object
+            // had been the only thing left in it
+            if (!isEmptyDataObject(cache[id])) {
+                return;
+            }
+        }
+
+        // Destroy the cache
+        if (isNode) {
+            jQuery.cleanData([elem], true);
+
+            // Use delete when supported for expandos or `cache` is not a window per isWindow (#10080)
+            /* jshint eqeqeq: false */
+        } else if (support.deleteExpando || cache != cache.window) {
+            /* jshint eqeqeq: true */
+            delete cache[id];
+
+            // When all else fails, null
+        } else {
+            cache[id] = null;
+        }
+    }
+
+    jQuery.extend({
+        cache: {},
+
+        // The following elements (space-suffixed to avoid Object.prototype collisions)
+        // throw uncatchable exceptions if you attempt to set expando properties
+        noData: {
+            "applet ": true,
+            "embed ": true,
+            // ...but Flash objects (which have this classid) *can* handle expandos
+            "object ": "clsid:D27CDB6E-AE6D-11cf-96B8-444553540000"
+        },
+
+        hasData: function (elem) {
+            elem = elem.nodeType ? jQuery.cache[elem[jQuery.expando]] : elem[jQuery.expando];
+            return !!elem && !isEmptyDataObject(elem);
+        },
+
+        data: function (elem, name, data) {
+            return internalData(elem, name, data);
+        },
+
+        removeData: function (elem, name) {
+            return internalRemoveData(elem, name);
+        },
+
+        // For internal use only.
+        _data: function (elem, name, data) {
+            return internalData(elem, name, data, true);
+        },
+
+        _removeData: function (elem, name) {
+            return internalRemoveData(elem, name, true);
+        }
+    });
+
+    jQuery.fn.extend({
+        data: function (key, value) {
+            var i, name, data,
+                elem = this[0],
+                attrs = elem && elem.attributes;
+
+            // Special expections of .data basically thwart jQuery.access,
+            // so implement the relevant behavior ourselves
+
+            // Gets all values
+            if (key === undefined) {
+                if (this.length) {
+                    data = jQuery.data(elem);
+
+                    if (elem.nodeType === 1 && !jQuery._data(elem, "parsedAttrs")) {
+                        i = attrs.length;
+                        while (i--) {
+
+                            // Support: IE11+
+                            // The attrs elements can be null (#14894)
+                            if (attrs[i]) {
+                                name = attrs[i].name;
+                                if (name.indexOf("data-") === 0) {
+                                    name = jQuery.camelCase(name.slice(5));
+                                    dataAttr(elem, name, data[name]);
+                                }
+                            }
+                        }
+                        jQuery._data(elem, "parsedAttrs", true);
+                    }
+                }
+
+                return data;
+            }
+
+            // Sets multiple values
+            if (typeof key === "object") {
+                return this.each(function () {
+                    jQuery.data(this, key);
+                });
+            }
+
+            return arguments.length > 1 ?
+
+                // Sets one value
+                this.each(function () {
+                    jQuery.data(this, key, value);
+                }) :
+
+                // Gets one value
+                // Try to fetch any internally stored data first
+                elem ? dataAttr(elem, key, jQuery.data(elem, key)) : undefined;
+        },
+
+        removeData: function (key) {
+            return this.each(function () {
+                jQuery.removeData(this, key);
+            });
+        }
+    });
+
+
+    jQuery.extend({
+        queue: function (elem, type, data) {
+            var queue;
+
+            if (elem) {
+                type = (type || "fx") + "queue";
+                queue = jQuery._data(elem, type);
+
+                // Speed up dequeue by getting out quickly if this is just a lookup
+                if (data) {
+                    if (!queue || jQuery.isArray(data)) {
+                        queue = jQuery._data(elem, type, jQuery.makeArray(data));
+                    } else {
+                        queue.push(data);
+                    }
+                }
+                return queue || [];
+            }
+        },
+
+        dequeue: function (elem, type) {
+            type = type || "fx";
+
+            var queue = jQuery.queue(elem, type),
+                startLength = queue.length,
+                fn = queue.shift(),
+                hooks = jQuery._queueHooks(elem, type),
+                next = function () {
+                    jQuery.dequeue(elem, type);
+                };
+
+            // If the fx queue is dequeued, always remove the progress sentinel
+            if (fn === "inprogress") {
+                fn = queue.shift();
+                startLength--;
+            }
+
+            if (fn) {
+
+                // Add a progress sentinel to prevent the fx queue from being
+                // automatically dequeued
+                if (type === "fx") {
+                    queue.unshift("inprogress");
+                }
+
+                // clear up the last queue stop function
+                delete hooks.stop;
+                fn.call(elem, next, hooks);
+            }
+
+            if (!startLength && hooks) {
+                hooks.empty.fire();
+            }
+        },
+
+        // not intended for public consumption - generates a queueHooks object, or returns the current one
+        _queueHooks: function (elem, type) {
+            var key = type + "queueHooks";
+            return jQuery._data(elem, key) || jQuery._data(elem, key, {
+                empty: jQuery.Callbacks("once memory").add(function () {
+                    jQuery._removeData(elem, type + "queue");
+                    jQuery._removeData(elem, key);
+                })
+            });
+        }
+    });
+
+    jQuery.fn.extend({
+        queue: function (type, data) {
+            var setter = 2;
+
+            if (typeof type !== "string") {
+                data = type;
+                type = "fx";
+                setter--;
+            }
+
+            if (arguments.length < setter) {
+                return jQuery.queue(this[0], type);
+            }
+
+            return data === undefined ?
+                this :
+                this.each(function () {
+                    var queue = jQuery.queue(this, type, data);
+
+                    // ensure a hooks for this queue
+                    jQuery._queueHooks(this, type);
+
+                    if (type === "fx" && queue[0] !== "inprogress") {
+                        jQuery.dequeue(this, type);
+                    }
+                });
+        },
+        dequeue: function (type) {
+            return this.each(function () {
+                jQuery.dequeue(this, type);
+            });
+        },
+        clearQueue: function (type) {
+            return this.queue(type || "fx", []);
+        },
+        // Get a promise resolved when queues of a certain type
+        // are emptied (fx is the type by default)
+        promise: function (type, obj) {
+            var tmp,
+                count = 1,
+                defer = jQuery.Deferred(),
+                elements = this,
+                i = this.length,
+                resolve = function () {
+                    if (!(--count)) {
+                        defer.resolveWith(elements, [elements]);
+                    }
+                };
+
+            if (typeof type !== "string") {
+                obj = type;
+                type = undefined;
+            }
+            type = type || "fx";
+
+            while (i--) {
+                tmp = jQuery._data(elements[i], type + "queueHooks");
+                if (tmp && tmp.empty) {
+                    count++;
+                    tmp.empty.add(resolve);
+                }
+            }
+            resolve();
+            return defer.promise(obj);
+        }
+    });
+    var pnum = (/[+-]?(?:\d*\.|)\d+(?:[eE][+-]?\d+|)/).source;
+
+    var cssExpand = ["Top", "Right", "Bottom", "Left"];
+
+    var isHidden = function (elem, el) {
+        // isHidden might be called from jQuery#filter function;
+        // in that case, element will be second argument
+        elem = el || elem;
+        return jQuery.css(elem, "display") === "none" || !jQuery.contains(elem.ownerDocument, elem);
+    };
+
+
+
+    // Multifunctional method to get and set values of a collection
+    // The value/s can optionally be executed if it's a function
+    var access = jQuery.access = function (elems, fn, key, value, chainable, emptyGet, raw) {
+        var i = 0,
+            length = elems.length,
+            bulk = key == null;
+
+        // Sets many values
+        if (jQuery.type(key) === "object") {
+            chainable = true;
+            for (i in key) {
+                jQuery.access(elems, fn, i, key[i], true, emptyGet, raw);
+            }
+
+            // Sets one value
+        } else if (value !== undefined) {
+            chainable = true;
+
+            if (!jQuery.isFunction(value)) {
+                raw = true;
+            }
+
+            if (bulk) {
+                // Bulk operations run against the entire set
+                if (raw) {
+                    fn.call(elems, value);
+                    fn = null;
+
+                    // ...except when executing function values
+                } else {
+                    bulk = fn;
+                    fn = function (elem, key, value) {
+                        return bulk.call(jQuery(elem), value);
+                    };
+                }
+            }
+
+            if (fn) {
+                for (; i < length; i++) {
+                    fn(elems[i], key, raw ? value : value.call(elems[i], i, fn(elems[i], key)));
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        return chainable ?
+            elems :
+
+            // Gets
+            bulk ?
+                fn.call(elems) :
+                length ? fn(elems[0], key) : emptyGet;
+    };
+    var rcheckableType = (/^(?:checkbox|radio)$/i);
+
+
+
+    (function () {
+        // Minified: var a,b,c
+        var input = document.createElement("input"),
+            div = document.createElement("div"),
+            fragment = document.createDocumentFragment();
+
+        // Setup
+        div.innerHTML = "  <link/><table></table><a href='/a'>a</a><input type='checkbox'/>";
+
+        // IE strips leading whitespace when .innerHTML is used
+        support.leadingWhitespace = div.firstChild.nodeType === 3;
+
+        // Make sure that tbody elements aren't automatically inserted
+        // IE will insert them into empty tables
+        support.tbody = !div.getElementsByTagName("tbody").length;
+
+        // Make sure that link elements get serialized correctly by innerHTML
+        // This requires a wrapper element in IE
+        support.htmlSerialize = !!div.getElementsByTagName("link").length;
+
+        // Makes sure cloning an html5 element does not cause problems
+        // Where outerHTML is undefined, this still works
+        support.html5Clone =
+            document.createElement("nav").cloneNode(true).outerHTML !== "<:nav></:nav>";
+
+        // Check if a disconnected checkbox will retain its checked
+        // value of true after appended to the DOM (IE6/7)
+        input.type = "checkbox";
+        input.checked = true;
+        fragment.appendChild(input);
+        support.appendChecked = input.checked;
+
+        // Make sure textarea (and checkbox) defaultValue is properly cloned
+        // Support: IE6-IE11+
+        div.innerHTML = "<textarea>x</textarea>";
+        support.noCloneChecked = !!div.cloneNode(true).lastChild.defaultValue;
+
+        // #11217 - WebKit loses check when the name is after the checked attribute
+        fragment.appendChild(div);
+        div.innerHTML = "<input type='radio' checked='checked' name='t'/>";
+
+        // Support: Safari 5.1, iOS 5.1, Android 4.x, Android 2.3
+        // old WebKit doesn't clone checked state correctly in fragments
+        support.checkClone = div.cloneNode(true).cloneNode(true).lastChild.checked;
+
+        // Support: IE<9
+        // Opera does not clone events (and typeof div.attachEvent === undefined).
+        // IE9-10 clones events bound via attachEvent, but they don't trigger with .click()
+        support.noCloneEvent = true;
+        if (div.attachEvent) {
+            div.attachEvent("onclick", function () {
+                support.noCloneEvent = false;
+            });
+
+            div.cloneNode(true).click();
+        }
+
+        // Execute the test only if not already executed in another module.
+        if (support.deleteExpando == null) {
+            // Support: IE<9
+            support.deleteExpando = true;
+            try {
+                delete div.test;
+            } catch (e) {
+                support.deleteExpando = false;
+            }
+        }
+    })();
+
+
+    (function () {
+        var i, eventName,
+            div = document.createElement("div");
+
+        // Support: IE<9 (lack submit/change bubble), Firefox 23+ (lack focusin event)
+        for (i in { submit: true, change: true, focusin: true }) {
+            eventName = "on" + i;
+
+            if (!(support[i + "Bubbles"] = eventName in window)) {
+                // Beware of CSP restrictions (https://developer.mozilla.org/en/Security/CSP)
+                div.setAttribute(eventName, "t");
+                support[i + "Bubbles"] = div.attributes[eventName].expando === false;
+            }
+        }
+
+        // Null elements to avoid leaks in IE.
+        div = null;
+    })();
+
+
+    var rformElems = /^(?:input|select|textarea)$/i,
+        rkeyEvent = /^key/,
+        rmouseEvent = /^(?:mouse|pointer|contextmenu)|click/,
+        rfocusMorph = /^(?:focusinfocus|focusoutblur)$/,
+        rtypenamespace = /^([^.]*)(?:\.(.+)|)$/;
+
+    function returnTrue() {
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    function returnFalse() {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    function safeActiveElement() {
+        try {
+            return document.activeElement;
+        } catch (err) { }
+    }
+
+    /*
+     * Helper functions for managing events -- not part of the public interface.
+     * Props to Dean Edwards' addEvent library for many of the ideas.
+     */
+    jQuery.event = {
+
+        global: {},
+
+        add: function (elem, types, handler, data, selector) {
+            var tmp, events, t, handleObjIn,
+                special, eventHandle, handleObj,
+                handlers, type, namespaces, origType,
+                elemData = jQuery._data(elem);
+
+            // Don't attach events to noData or text/comment nodes (but allow plain objects)
+            if (!elemData) {
+                return;
+            }
+
+            // Caller can pass in an object of custom data in lieu of the handler
+            if (handler.handler) {
+                handleObjIn = handler;
+                handler = handleObjIn.handler;
+                selector = handleObjIn.selector;
+            }
+
+            // Make sure that the handler has a unique ID, used to find/remove it later
+            if (!handler.guid) {
+                handler.guid = jQuery.guid++;
+            }
+
+            // Init the element's event structure and main handler, if this is the first
+            if (!(events = elemData.events)) {
+                events = elemData.events = {};
+            }
+            if (!(eventHandle = elemData.handle)) {
+                eventHandle = elemData.handle = function (e) {
+                    // Discard the second event of a jQuery.event.trigger() and
+                    // when an event is called after a page has unloaded
+                    return typeof jQuery !== strundefined && (!e || jQuery.event.triggered !== e.type) ?
+                        jQuery.event.dispatch.apply(eventHandle.elem, arguments) :
+                        undefined;
+                };
+                // Add elem as a property of the handle fn to prevent a memory leak with IE non-native events
+                eventHandle.elem = elem;
+            }
+
+            // Handle multiple events separated by a space
+            types = (types || "").match(rnotwhite) || [""];
+            t = types.length;
+            while (t--) {
+                tmp = rtypenamespace.exec(types[t]) || [];
+                type = origType = tmp[1];
+                namespaces = (tmp[2] || "").split(".").sort();
+
+                // There *must* be a type, no attaching namespace-only handlers
+                if (!type) {
+                    continue;
+                }
+
+                // If event changes its type, use the special event handlers for the changed type
+                special = jQuery.event.special[type] || {};
+
+                // If selector defined, determine special event api type, otherwise given type
+                type = (selector ? special.delegateType : special.bindType) || type;
+
+                // Update special based on newly reset type
+                special = jQuery.event.special[type] || {};
+
+                // handleObj is passed to all event handlers
+                handleObj = jQuery.extend({
+                    type: type,
+                    origType: origType,
+                    data: data,
+                    handler: handler,
+                    guid: handler.guid,
+                    selector: selector,
+                    needsContext: selector && jQuery.expr.match.needsContext.test(selector),
+                    namespace: namespaces.join(".")
+                }, handleObjIn);
+
+                // Init the event handler queue if we're the first
+                if (!(handlers = events[type])) {
+                    handlers = events[type] = [];
+                    handlers.delegateCount = 0;
+
+                    // Only use addEventListener/attachEvent if the special events handler returns false
+                    if (!special.setup || special.setup.call(elem, data, namespaces, eventHandle) === false) {
+                        // Bind the global event handler to the element
+                        if (elem.addEventListener) {
+                            elem.addEventListener(type, eventHandle, false);
+
+                        } else if (elem.attachEvent) {
+                            elem.attachEvent("on" + type, eventHandle);
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+
+                if (special.add) {
+                    special.add.call(elem, handleObj);
+
+                    if (!handleObj.handler.guid) {
+                        handleObj.handler.guid = handler.guid;
+                    }
+                }
+
+                // Add to the element's handler list, delegates in front
+                if (selector) {
+                    handlers.splice(handlers.delegateCount++, 0, handleObj);
+                } else {
+                    handlers.push(handleObj);
+                }
+
+                // Keep track of which events have ever been used, for event optimization
+                jQuery.event.global[type] = true;
+            }
+
+            // Nullify elem to prevent memory leaks in IE
+            elem = null;
+        },
+
+        // Detach an event or set of events from an element
+        remove: function (elem, types, handler, selector, mappedTypes) {
+            var j, handleObj, tmp,
+                origCount, t, events,
+                special, handlers, type,
+                namespaces, origType,
+                elemData = jQuery.hasData(elem) && jQuery._data(elem);
+
+            if (!elemData || !(events = elemData.events)) {
+                return;
+            }
+
+            // Once for each type.namespace in types; type may be omitted
+            types = (types || "").match(rnotwhite) || [""];
+            t = types.length;
+            while (t--) {
+                tmp = rtypenamespace.exec(types[t]) || [];
+                type = origType = tmp[1];
+                namespaces = (tmp[2] || "").split(".").sort();
+
+                // Unbind all events (on this namespace, if provided) for the element
+                if (!type) {
+                    for (type in events) {
+                        jQuery.event.remove(elem, type + types[t], handler, selector, true);
+                    }
+                    continue;
+                }
+
+                special = jQuery.event.special[type] || {};
+                type = (selector ? special.delegateType : special.bindType) || type;
+                handlers = events[type] || [];
+                tmp = tmp[2] && new RegExp("(^|\\.)" + namespaces.join("\\.(?:.*\\.|)") + "(\\.|$)");
+
+                // Remove matching events
+                origCount = j = handlers.length;
+                while (j--) {
+                    handleObj = handlers[j];
+
+                    if ((mappedTypes || origType === handleObj.origType) &&
+                        (!handler || handler.guid === handleObj.guid) &&
+                        (!tmp || tmp.test(handleObj.namespace)) &&
+                        (!selector || selector === handleObj.selector || selector === "**" && handleObj.selector)) {
+                        handlers.splice(j, 1);
+
+                        if (handleObj.selector) {
+                            handlers.delegateCount--;
+                        }
+                        if (special.remove) {
+                            special.remove.call(elem, handleObj);
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+
+                // Remove generic event handler if we removed something and no more handlers exist
+                // (avoids potential for endless recursion during removal of special event handlers)
+                if (origCount && !handlers.length) {
+                    if (!special.teardown || special.teardown.call(elem, namespaces, elemData.handle) === false) {
+                        jQuery.removeEvent(elem, type, elemData.handle);
+                    }
+
+                    delete events[type];
+                }
+            }
+
+            // Remove the expando if it's no longer used
+            if (jQuery.isEmptyObject(events)) {
+                delete elemData.handle;
+
+                // removeData also checks for emptiness and clears the expando if empty
+                // so use it instead of delete
+                jQuery._removeData(elem, "events");
+            }
+        },
+
+        trigger: function (event, data, elem, onlyHandlers) {
+            var handle, ontype, cur,
+                bubbleType, special, tmp, i,
+                eventPath = [elem || document],
+                type = hasOwn.call(event, "type") ? event.type : event,
+                namespaces = hasOwn.call(event, "namespace") ? event.namespace.split(".") : [];
+
+            cur = tmp = elem = elem || document;
+
+            // Don't do events on text and comment nodes
+            if (elem.nodeType === 3 || elem.nodeType === 8) {
+                return;
+            }
+
+            // focus/blur morphs to focusin/out; ensure we're not firing them right now
+            if (rfocusMorph.test(type + jQuery.event.triggered)) {
+                return;
+            }
+
+            if (type.indexOf(".") >= 0) {
+                // Namespaced trigger; create a regexp to match event type in handle()
+                namespaces = type.split(".");
+                type = namespaces.shift();
+                namespaces.sort();
+            }
+            ontype = type.indexOf(":") < 0 && "on" + type;
+
+            // Caller can pass in a jQuery.Event object, Object, or just an event type string
+            event = event[jQuery.expando] ?
+                event :
+                new jQuery.Event(type, typeof event === "object" && event);
+
+            // Trigger bitmask: & 1 for native handlers; & 2 for jQuery (always true)
+            event.isTrigger = onlyHandlers ? 2 : 3;
+            event.namespace = namespaces.join(".");
+            event.namespace_re = event.namespace ?
+                new RegExp("(^|\\.)" + namespaces.join("\\.(?:.*\\.|)") + "(\\.|$)") :
+                null;
+
+            // Clean up the event in case it is being reused
+            event.result = undefined;
+            if (!event.target) {
+                event.target = elem;
+            }
+
+            // Clone any incoming data and prepend the event, creating the handler arg list
+            data = data == null ?
+                [event] :
+                jQuery.makeArray(data, [event]);
+
+            // Allow special events to draw outside the lines
+            special = jQuery.event.special[type] || {};
+            if (!onlyHandlers && special.trigger && special.trigger.apply(elem, data) === false) {
+                return;
+            }
+
+            // Determine event propagation path in advance, per W3C events spec (#9951)
+            // Bubble up to document, then to window; watch for a global ownerDocument var (#9724)
+            if (!onlyHandlers && !special.noBubble && !jQuery.isWindow(elem)) {
+
+                bubbleType = special.delegateType || type;
+                if (!rfocusMorph.test(bubbleType + type)) {
+                    cur = cur.parentNode;
+                }
+                for (; cur; cur = cur.parentNode) {
+                    eventPath.push(cur);
+                    tmp = cur;
+                }
+
+                // Only add window if we got to document (e.g., not plain obj or detached DOM)
+                if (tmp === (elem.ownerDocument || document)) {
+                    eventPath.push(tmp.defaultView || tmp.parentWindow || window);
+                }
+            }
+
+            // Fire handlers on the event path
+            i = 0;
+            while ((cur = eventPath[i++]) && !event.isPropagationStopped()) {
+
+                event.type = i > 1 ?
+                    bubbleType :
+                    special.bindType || type;
+
+                // jQuery handler
+                handle = (jQuery._data(cur, "events") || {})[event.type] && jQuery._data(cur, "handle");
+                if (handle) {
+                    handle.apply(cur, data);
+                }
+
+                // Native handler
+                handle = ontype && cur[ontype];
+                if (handle && handle.apply && jQuery.acceptData(cur)) {
+                    event.result = handle.apply(cur, data);
+                    if (event.result === false) {
+                        event.preventDefault();
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            event.type = type;
+
+            // If nobody prevented the default action, do it now
+            if (!onlyHandlers && !event.isDefaultPrevented()) {
+
+                if ((!special._default || special._default.apply(eventPath.pop(), data) === false) &&
+                    jQuery.acceptData(elem)) {
+
+                    // Call a native DOM method on the target with the same name name as the event.
+                    // Can't use an .isFunction() check here because IE6/7 fails that test.
+                    // Don't do default actions on window, that's where global variables be (#6170)
+                    if (ontype && elem[type] && !jQuery.isWindow(elem)) {
+
+                        // Don't re-trigger an onFOO event when we call its FOO() method
+                        tmp = elem[ontype];
+
+                        if (tmp) {
+                            elem[ontype] = null;
+                        }
+
+                        // Prevent re-triggering of the same event, since we already bubbled it above
+                        jQuery.event.triggered = type;
+                        try {
+                            elem[type]();
+                        } catch (e) {
+                            // IE<9 dies on focus/blur to hidden element (#1486,#12518)
+                            // only reproducible on winXP IE8 native, not IE9 in IE8 mode
+                        }
+                        jQuery.event.triggered = undefined;
+
+                        if (tmp) {
+                            elem[ontype] = tmp;
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+
+            return event.result;
+        },
+
+        dispatch: function (event) {
+
+            // Make a writable jQuery.Event from the native event object
+            event = jQuery.event.fix(event);
+
+            var i, ret, handleObj, matched, j,
+                handlerQueue = [],
+                args = slice.call(arguments),
+                handlers = (jQuery._data(this, "events") || {})[event.type] || [],
+                special = jQuery.event.special[event.type] || {};
+
+            // Use the fix-ed jQuery.Event rather than the (read-only) native event
+            args[0] = event;
+            event.delegateTarget = this;
+
+            // Call the preDispatch hook for the mapped type, and let it bail if desired
+            if (special.preDispatch && special.preDispatch.call(this, event) === false) {
+                return;
+            }
+
+            // Determine handlers
+            handlerQueue = jQuery.event.handlers.call(this, event, handlers);
+
+            // Run delegates first; they may want to stop propagation beneath us
+            i = 0;
+            while ((matched = handlerQueue[i++]) && !event.isPropagationStopped()) {
+                event.currentTarget = matched.elem;
+
+                j = 0;
+                while ((handleObj = matched.handlers[j++]) && !event.isImmediatePropagationStopped()) {
+
+                    // Triggered event must either 1) have no namespace, or
+                    // 2) have namespace(s) a subset or equal to those in the bound event (both can have no namespace).
+                    if (!event.namespace_re || event.namespace_re.test(handleObj.namespace)) {
+
+                        event.handleObj = handleObj;
+                        event.data = handleObj.data;
+
+                        ret = ((jQuery.event.special[handleObj.origType] || {}).handle || handleObj.handler)
+                            .apply(matched.elem, args);
+
+                        if (ret !== undefined) {
+                            if ((event.result = ret) === false) {
+                                event.preventDefault();
+                                event.stopPropagation();
+                            }
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+
+            // Call the postDispatch hook for the mapped type
+            if (special.postDispatch) {
+                special.postDispatch.call(this, event);
+            }
+
+            return event.result;
+        },
+
+        handlers: function (event, handlers) {
+            var sel, handleObj, matches, i,
+                handlerQueue = [],
+                delegateCount = handlers.delegateCount,
+                cur = event.target;
+
+            // Find delegate handlers
+            // Black-hole SVG <use> instance trees (#13180)
+            // Avoid non-left-click bubbling in Firefox (#3861)
+            if (delegateCount && cur.nodeType && (!event.button || event.type !== "click")) {
+
+                /* jshint eqeqeq: false */
+                for (; cur != this; cur = cur.parentNode || this) {
+                    /* jshint eqeqeq: true */
+
+                    // Don't check non-elements (#13208)
+                    // Don't process clicks on disabled elements (#6911, #8165, #11382, #11764)
+                    if (cur.nodeType === 1 && (cur.disabled !== true || event.type !== "click")) {
+                        matches = [];
+                        for (i = 0; i < delegateCount; i++) {
+                            handleObj = handlers[i];
+
+                            // Don't conflict with Object.prototype properties (#13203)
+                            sel = handleObj.selector + " ";
+
+                            if (matches[sel] === undefined) {
+                                matches[sel] = handleObj.needsContext ?
+                                    jQuery(sel, this).index(cur) >= 0 :
+                                    jQuery.find(sel, this, null, [cur]).length;
+                            }
+                            if (matches[sel]) {
+                                matches.push(handleObj);
+                            }
+                        }
+                        if (matches.length) {
+                            handlerQueue.push({ elem: cur, handlers: matches });
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+
+            // Add the remaining (directly-bound) handlers
+            if (delegateCount < handlers.length) {
+                handlerQueue.push({ elem: this, handlers: handlers.slice(delegateCount) });
+            }
+
+            return handlerQueue;
+        },
+
+        fix: function (event) {
+            if (event[jQuery.expando]) {
+                return event;
+            }
+
+            // Create a writable copy of the event object and normalize some properties
+            var i, prop, copy,
+                type = event.type,
+                originalEvent = event,
+                fixHook = this.fixHooks[type];
+
+            if (!fixHook) {
+                this.fixHooks[type] = fixHook =
+                    rmouseEvent.test(type) ? this.mouseHooks :
+                        rkeyEvent.test(type) ? this.keyHooks :
+                            {};
+            }
+            copy = fixHook.props ? this.props.concat(fixHook.props) : this.props;
+
+            event = new jQuery.Event(originalEvent);
+
+            i = copy.length;
+            while (i--) {
+                prop = copy[i];
+                event[prop] = originalEvent[prop];
+            }
+
+            // Support: IE<9
+            // Fix target property (#1925)
+            if (!event.target) {
+                event.target = originalEvent.srcElement || document;
+            }
+
+            // Support: Chrome 23+, Safari?
+            // Target should not be a text node (#504, #13143)
+            if (event.target.nodeType === 3) {
+                event.target = event.target.parentNode;
+            }
+
+            // Support: IE<9
+            // For mouse/key events, metaKey==false if it's undefined (#3368, #11328)
+            event.metaKey = !!event.metaKey;
+
+            return fixHook.filter ? fixHook.filter(event, originalEvent) : event;
+        },
+
+        // Includes some event props shared by KeyEvent and MouseEvent
+        props: "altKey bubbles cancelable ctrlKey currentTarget eventPhase metaKey relatedTarget shiftKey target timeStamp view which".split(" "),
+
+        fixHooks: {},
+
+        keyHooks: {
+            props: "char charCode key keyCode".split(" "),
+            filter: function (event, original) {
+
+                // Add which for key events
+                if (event.which == null) {
+                    event.which = original.charCode != null ? original.charCode : original.keyCode;
+                }
+
+                return event;
+            }
+        },
+
+        mouseHooks: {
+            props: "button buttons clientX clientY fromElement offsetX offsetY pageX pageY screenX screenY toElement".split(" "),
+            filter: function (event, original) {
+                var body, eventDoc, doc,
+                    button = original.button,
+                    fromElement = original.fromElement;
+
+                // Calculate pageX/Y if missing and clientX/Y available
+                if (event.pageX == null && original.clientX != null) {
+                    eventDoc = event.target.ownerDocument || document;
+                    doc = eventDoc.documentElement;
+                    body = eventDoc.body;
+
+                    event.pageX = original.clientX + (doc && doc.scrollLeft || body && body.scrollLeft || 0) - (doc && doc.clientLeft || body && body.clientLeft || 0);
+                    event.pageY = original.clientY + (doc && doc.scrollTop || body && body.scrollTop || 0) - (doc && doc.clientTop || body && body.clientTop || 0);
+                }
+
+                // Add relatedTarget, if necessary
+                if (!event.relatedTarget && fromElement) {
+                    event.relatedTarget = fromElement === event.target ? original.toElement : fromElement;
+                }
+
+                // Add which for click: 1 === left; 2 === middle; 3 === right
+                // Note: button is not normalized, so don't use it
+                if (!event.which && button !== undefined) {
+                    event.which = (button & 1 ? 1 : (button & 2 ? 3 : (button & 4 ? 2 : 0)));
+                }
+
+                return event;
+            }
+        },
+
+        special: {
+            load: {
+                // Prevent triggered image.load events from bubbling to window.load
+                noBubble: true
+            },
+            focus: {
+                // Fire native event if possible so blur/focus sequence is correct
+                trigger: function () {
+                    if (this !== safeActiveElement() && this.focus) {
+                        try {
+                            this.focus();
+                            return false;
+                        } catch (e) {
+                            // Support: IE<9
+                            // If we error on focus to hidden element (#1486, #12518),
+                            // let .trigger() run the handlers
+                        }
+                    }
+                },
+                delegateType: "focusin"
+            },
+            blur: {
+                trigger: function () {
+                    if (this === safeActiveElement() && this.blur) {
+                        this.blur();
+                        return false;
+                    }
+                },
+                delegateType: "focusout"
+            },
+            click: {
+                // For checkbox, fire native event so checked state will be right
+                trigger: function () {
+                    if (jQuery.nodeName(this, "input") && this.type === "checkbox" && this.click) {
+                        this.click();
+                        return false;
+                    }
+                },
+
+                // For cross-browser consistency, don't fire native .click() on links
+                _default: function (event) {
+                    return jQuery.nodeName(event.target, "a");
+                }
+            },
+
+            beforeunload: {
+                postDispatch: function (event) {
+
+                    // Support: Firefox 20+
+                    // Firefox doesn't alert if the returnValue field is not set.
+                    if (event.result !== undefined && event.originalEvent) {
+                        event.originalEvent.returnValue = event.result;
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        },
+
+        simulate: function (type, elem, event, bubble) {
+            // Piggyback on a donor event to simulate a different one.
+            // Fake originalEvent to avoid donor's stopPropagation, but if the
+            // simulated event prevents default then we do the same on the donor.
+            var e = jQuery.extend(
+                new jQuery.Event(),
+                event,
+                {
+                    type: type,
+                    isSimulated: true,
+                    originalEvent: {}
+                }
+            );
+            if (bubble) {
+                jQuery.event.trigger(e, null, elem);
+            } else {
+                jQuery.event.dispatch.call(elem, e);
+            }
+            if (e.isDefaultPrevented()) {
+                event.preventDefault();
+            }
+        }
+    };
+
+    jQuery.removeEvent = document.removeEventListener ?
+        function (elem, type, handle) {
+            if (elem.removeEventListener) {
+                elem.removeEventListener(type, handle, false);
+            }
+        } :
+        function (elem, type, handle) {
+            var name = "on" + type;
+
+            if (elem.detachEvent) {
+
+                // #8545, #7054, preventing memory leaks for custom events in IE6-8
+                // detachEvent needed property on element, by name of that event, to properly expose it to GC
+                if (typeof elem[name] === strundefined) {
+                    elem[name] = null;
+                }
+
+                elem.detachEvent(name, handle);
+            }
+        };
+
+    jQuery.Event = function (src, props) {
+        // Allow instantiation without the 'new' keyword
+        if (!(this instanceof jQuery.Event)) {
+            return new jQuery.Event(src, props);
+        }
+
+        // Event object
+        if (src && src.type) {
+            this.originalEvent = src;
+            this.type = src.type;
+
+            // Events bubbling up the document may have been marked as prevented
+            // by a handler lower down the tree; reflect the correct value.
+            this.isDefaultPrevented = src.defaultPrevented ||
+                src.defaultPrevented === undefined &&
+                // Support: IE < 9, Android < 4.0
+                src.returnValue === false ?
+                returnTrue :
+                returnFalse;
+
+            // Event type
+        } else {
+            this.type = src;
+        }
+
+        // Put explicitly provided properties onto the event object
+        if (props) {
+            jQuery.extend(this, props);
+        }
+
+        // Create a timestamp if incoming event doesn't have one
+        this.timeStamp = src && src.timeStamp || jQuery.now();
+
+        // Mark it as fixed
+        this[jQuery.expando] = true;
+    };
+
+    // jQuery.Event is based on DOM3 Events as specified by the ECMAScript Language Binding
+    // http://www.w3.org/TR/2003/WD-DOM-Level-3-Events-20030331/ecma-script-binding.html
+    jQuery.Event.prototype = {
+        isDefaultPrevented: returnFalse,
+        isPropagationStopped: returnFalse,
+        isImmediatePropagationStopped: returnFalse,
+
+        preventDefault: function () {
+            var e = this.originalEvent;
+
+            this.isDefaultPrevented = returnTrue;
+            if (!e) {
+                return;
+            }
+
+            // If preventDefault exists, run it on the original event
+            if (e.preventDefault) {
+                e.preventDefault();
+
+                // Support: IE
+                // Otherwise set the returnValue property of the original event to false
+            } else {
+                e.returnValue = false;
+            }
+        },
+        stopPropagation: function () {
+            var e = this.originalEvent;
+
+            this.isPropagationStopped = returnTrue;
+            if (!e) {
+                return;
+            }
+            // If stopPropagation exists, run it on the original event
+            if (e.stopPropagation) {
+                e.stopPropagation();
+            }
+
+            // Support: IE
+            // Set the cancelBubble property of the original event to true
+            e.cancelBubble = true;
+        },
+        stopImmediatePropagation: function () {
+            var e = this.originalEvent;
+
+            this.isImmediatePropagationStopped = returnTrue;
+
+            if (e && e.stopImmediatePropagation) {
+                e.stopImmediatePropagation();
+            }
+
+            this.stopPropagation();
+        }
+    };
+
+    // Create mouseenter/leave events using mouseover/out and event-time checks
+    jQuery.each({
+        mouseenter: "mouseover",
+        mouseleave: "mouseout",
+        pointerenter: "pointerover",
+        pointerleave: "pointerout"
+    }, function (orig, fix) {
+        jQuery.event.special[orig] = {
+            delegateType: fix,
+            bindType: fix,
+
+            handle: function (event) {
+                var ret,
+                    target = this,
+                    related = event.relatedTarget,
+                    handleObj = event.handleObj;
+
+                // For mousenter/leave call the handler if related is outside the target.
+                // NB: No relatedTarget if the mouse left/entered the browser window
+                if (!related || (related !== target && !jQuery.contains(target, related))) {
+                    event.type = handleObj.origType;
+                    ret = handleObj.handler.apply(this, arguments);
+                    event.type = fix;
+                }
+                return ret;
+            }
+        };
+    });
+
+    // IE submit delegation
+    if (!support.submitBubbles) {
+
+        jQuery.event.special.submit = {
+            setup: function () {
+                // Only need this for delegated form submit events
+                if (jQuery.nodeName(this, "form")) {
+                    return false;
+                }
+
+                // Lazy-add a submit handler when a descendant form may potentially be submitted
+                jQuery.event.add(this, "click._submit keypress._submit", function (e) {
+                    // Node name check avoids a VML-related crash in IE (#9807)
+                    var elem = e.target,
+                        form = jQuery.nodeName(elem, "input") || jQuery.nodeName(elem, "button") ? elem.form : undefined;
+                    if (form && !jQuery._data(form, "submitBubbles")) {
+                        jQuery.event.add(form, "submit._submit", function (event) {
+                            event._submit_bubble = true;
+                        });
+                        jQuery._data(form, "submitBubbles", true);
+                    }
+                });
+                // return undefined since we don't need an event listener
+            },
+
+            postDispatch: function (event) {
+                // If form was submitted by the user, bubble the event up the tree
+                if (event._submit_bubble) {
+                    delete event._submit_bubble;
+                    if (this.parentNode && !event.isTrigger) {
+                        jQuery.event.simulate("submit", this.parentNode, event, true);
+                    }
+                }
+            },
+
+            teardown: function () {
+                // Only need this for delegated form submit events
+                if (jQuery.nodeName(this, "form")) {
+                    return false;
+                }
+
+                // Remove delegated handlers; cleanData eventually reaps submit handlers attached above
+                jQuery.event.remove(this, "._submit");
+            }
+        };
+    }
+
+    // IE change delegation and checkbox/radio fix
+    if (!support.changeBubbles) {
+
+        jQuery.event.special.change = {
+
+            setup: function () {
+
+                if (rformElems.test(this.nodeName)) {
+                    // IE doesn't fire change on a check/radio until blur; trigger it on click
+                    // after a propertychange. Eat the blur-change in special.change.handle.
+                    // This still fires onchange a second time for check/radio after blur.
+                    if (this.type === "checkbox" || this.type === "radio") {
+                        jQuery.event.add(this, "propertychange._change", function (event) {
+                            if (event.originalEvent.propertyName === "checked") {
+                                this._just_changed = true;
+                            }
+                        });
+                        jQuery.event.add(this, "click._change", function (event) {
+                            if (this._just_changed && !event.isTrigger) {
+                                this._just_changed = false;
+                            }
+                            // Allow triggered, simulated change events (#11500)
+                            jQuery.event.simulate("change", this, event, true);
+                        });
+                    }
+                    return false;
+                }
+                // Delegated event; lazy-add a change handler on descendant inputs
+                jQuery.event.add(this, "beforeactivate._change", function (e) {
+                    var elem = e.target;
+
+                    if (rformElems.test(elem.nodeName) && !jQuery._data(elem, "changeBubbles")) {
+                        jQuery.event.add(elem, "change._change", function (event) {
+                            if (this.parentNode && !event.isSimulated && !event.isTrigger) {
+                                jQuery.event.simulate("change", this.parentNode, event, true);
+                            }
+                        });
+                        jQuery._data(elem, "changeBubbles", true);
+                    }
+                });
+            },
+
+            handle: function (event) {
+                var elem = event.target;
+
+                // Swallow native change events from checkbox/radio, we already triggered them above
+                if (this !== elem || event.isSimulated || event.isTrigger || (elem.type !== "radio" && elem.type !== "checkbox")) {
+                    return event.handleObj.handler.apply(this, arguments);
+                }
+            },
+
+            teardown: function () {
+                jQuery.event.remove(this, "._change");
+
+                return !rformElems.test(this.nodeName);
+            }
+        };
+    }
+
+    // Create "bubbling" focus and blur events
+    if (!support.focusinBubbles) {
+        jQuery.each({ focus: "focusin", blur: "focusout" }, function (orig, fix) {
+
+            // Attach a single capturing handler on the document while someone wants focusin/focusout
+            var handler = function (event) {
+                jQuery.event.simulate(fix, event.target, jQuery.event.fix(event), true);
+            };
+
+            jQuery.event.special[fix] = {
+                setup: function () {
+                    var doc = this.ownerDocument || this,
+                        attaches = jQuery._data(doc, fix);
+
+                    if (!attaches) {
+                        doc.addEventListener(orig, handler, true);
+                    }
+                    jQuery._data(doc, fix, (attaches || 0) + 1);
+                },
+                teardown: function () {
+                    var doc = this.ownerDocument || this,
+                        attaches = jQuery._data(doc, fix) - 1;
+
+                    if (!attaches) {
+                        doc.removeEventListener(orig, handler, true);
+                        jQuery._removeData(doc, fix);
+                    } else {
+                        jQuery._data(doc, fix, attaches);
+                    }
+                }
+            };
+        });
+    }
+
+    jQuery.fn.extend({
+
+        on: function (types, selector, data, fn, /*INTERNAL*/ one) {
+            var type, origFn;
+
+            // Types can be a map of types/handlers
+            if (typeof types === "object") {
+                // ( types-Object, selector, data )
+                if (typeof selector !== "string") {
+                    // ( types-Object, data )
+                    data = data || selector;
+                    selector = undefined;
+                }
+                for (type in types) {
+                    this.on(type, selector, data, types[type], one);
+                }
+                return this;
+            }
+
+            if (data == null && fn == null) {
+                // ( types, fn )
+                fn = selector;
+                data = selector = undefined;
+            } else if (fn == null) {
+                if (typeof selector === "string") {
+                    // ( types, selector, fn )
+                    fn = data;
+                    data = undefined;
+                } else {
+                    // ( types, data, fn )
+                    fn = data;
+                    data = selector;
+                    selector = undefined;
+                }
+            }
+            if (fn === false) {
+                fn = returnFalse;
+            } else if (!fn) {
+                return this;
+            }
+
+            if (one === 1) {
+                origFn = fn;
+                fn = function (event) {
+                    // Can use an empty set, since event contains the info
+                    jQuery().off(event);
+                    return origFn.apply(this, arguments);
+                };
+                // Use same guid so caller can remove using origFn
+                fn.guid = origFn.guid || (origFn.guid = jQuery.guid++);
+            }
+            return this.each(function () {
+                jQuery.event.add(this, types, fn, data, selector);
+            });
+        },
+        one: function (types, selector, data, fn) {
+            return this.on(types, selector, data, fn, 1);
+        },
+        off: function (types, selector, fn) {
+            var handleObj, type;
+            if (types && types.preventDefault && types.handleObj) {
+                // ( event )  dispatched jQuery.Event
+                handleObj = types.handleObj;
+                jQuery(types.delegateTarget).off(
+                    handleObj.namespace ? handleObj.origType + "." + handleObj.namespace : handleObj.origType,
+                    handleObj.selector,
+                    handleObj.handler
+                );
+                return this;
+            }
+            if (typeof types === "object") {
+                // ( types-object [, selector] )
+                for (type in types) {
+                    this.off(type, selector, types[type]);
+                }
+                return this;
+            }
+            if (selector === false || typeof selector === "function") {
+                // ( types [, fn] )
+                fn = selector;
+                selector = undefined;
+            }
+            if (fn === false) {
+                fn = returnFalse;
+            }
+            return this.each(function () {
+                jQuery.event.remove(this, types, fn, selector);
+            });
+        },
+
+        trigger: function (type, data) {
+            return this.each(function () {
+                jQuery.event.trigger(type, data, this);
+            });
+        },
+        triggerHandler: function (type, data) {
+            var elem = this[0];
+            if (elem) {
+                return jQuery.event.trigger(type, data, elem, true);
+            }
+        }
+    });
+
+
+    function createSafeFragment(document) {
+        var list = nodeNames.split("|"),
+            safeFrag = document.createDocumentFragment();
+
+        if (safeFrag.createElement) {
+            while (list.length) {
+                safeFrag.createElement(
+                    list.pop()
+                );
+            }
+        }
+        return safeFrag;
+    }
+
+    var nodeNames = "abbr|article|aside|audio|bdi|canvas|data|datalist|details|figcaption|figure|footer|" +
+        "header|hgroup|mark|meter|nav|output|progress|section|summary|time|video",
+        rinlinejQuery = / jQuery\d+="(?:null|\d+)"/g,
+        rnoshimcache = new RegExp("<(?:" + nodeNames + ")[\\s/>]", "i"),
+        rleadingWhitespace = /^\s+/,
+        rxhtmlTag = /<(?!area|br|col|embed|hr|img|input|link|meta|param)(([\w:]+)[^>]*)\/>/gi,
+        rtagName = /<([\w:]+)/,
+        rtbody = /<tbody/i,
+        rhtml = /<|&#?\w+;/,
+        rnoInnerhtml = /<(?:script|style|link)/i,
+        // checked="checked" or checked
+        rchecked = /checked\s*(?:[^=]|=\s*.checked.)/i,
+        rscriptType = /^$|\/(?:java|ecma)script/i,
+        rscriptTypeMasked = /^true\/(.*)/,
+        rcleanScript = /^\s*<!(?:\[CDATA\[|--)|(?:\]\]|--)>\s*$/g,
+
+        // We have to close these tags to support XHTML (#13200)
+        wrapMap = {
+            option: [1, "<select multiple='multiple'>", "</select>"],
+            legend: [1, "<fieldset>", "</fieldset>"],
+            area: [1, "<map>", "</map>"],
+            param: [1, "<object>", "</object>"],
+            thead: [1, "<table>", "</table>"],
+            tr: [2, "<table><tbody>", "</tbody></table>"],
+            col: [2, "<table><tbody></tbody><colgroup>", "</colgroup></table>"],
+            td: [3, "<table><tbody><tr>", "</tr></tbody></table>"],
+
+            // IE6-8 can't serialize link, script, style, or any html5 (NoScope) tags,
+            // unless wrapped in a div with non-breaking characters in front of it.
+            _default: support.htmlSerialize ? [0, "", ""] : [1, "X<div>", "</div>"]
+        },
+        safeFragment = createSafeFragment(document),
+        fragmentDiv = safeFragment.appendChild(document.createElement("div"));
+
+    wrapMap.optgroup = wrapMap.option;
+    wrapMap.tbody = wrapMap.tfoot = wrapMap.colgroup = wrapMap.caption = wrapMap.thead;
+    wrapMap.th = wrapMap.td;
+
+    function getAll(context, tag) {
+        var elems, elem,
+            i = 0,
+            found = typeof context.getElementsByTagName !== strundefined ? context.getElementsByTagName(tag || "*") :
+                typeof context.querySelectorAll !== strundefined ? context.querySelectorAll(tag || "*") :
+                    undefined;
+
+        if (!found) {
+            for (found = [], elems = context.childNodes || context; (elem = elems[i]) != null; i++) {
+                if (!tag || jQuery.nodeName(elem, tag)) {
+                    found.push(elem);
+                } else {
+                    jQuery.merge(found, getAll(elem, tag));
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        return tag === undefined || tag && jQuery.nodeName(context, tag) ?
+            jQuery.merge([context], found) :
+            found;
+    }
+
+    // Used in buildFragment, fixes the defaultChecked property
+    function fixDefaultChecked(elem) {
+        if (rcheckableType.test(elem.type)) {
+            elem.defaultChecked = elem.checked;
+        }
+    }
+
+    // Support: IE<8
+    // Manipulating tables requires a tbody
+    function manipulationTarget(elem, content) {
+        return jQuery.nodeName(elem, "table") &&
+            jQuery.nodeName(content.nodeType !== 11 ? content : content.firstChild, "tr") ?
+
+            elem.getElementsByTagName("tbody")[0] ||
+            elem.appendChild(elem.ownerDocument.createElement("tbody")) :
+            elem;
+    }
+
+    // Replace/restore the type attribute of script elements for safe DOM manipulation
+    function disableScript(elem) {
+        elem.type = (jQuery.find.attr(elem, "type") !== null) + "/" + elem.type;
+        return elem;
+    }
+    function restoreScript(elem) {
+        var match = rscriptTypeMasked.exec(elem.type);
+        if (match) {
+            elem.type = match[1];
+        } else {
+            elem.removeAttribute("type");
+        }
+        return elem;
+    }
+
+    // Mark scripts as having already been evaluated
+    function setGlobalEval(elems, refElements) {
+        var elem,
+            i = 0;
+        for (; (elem = elems[i]) != null; i++) {
+            jQuery._data(elem, "globalEval", !refElements || jQuery._data(refElements[i], "globalEval"));
+        }
+    }
+
+    function cloneCopyEvent(src, dest) {
+
+        if (dest.nodeType !== 1 || !jQuery.hasData(src)) {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        var type, i, l,
+            oldData = jQuery._data(src),
+            curData = jQuery._data(dest, oldData),
+            events = oldData.events;
+
+        if (events) {
+            delete curData.handle;
+            curData.events = {};
+
+            for (type in events) {
+                for (i = 0, l = events[type].length; i < l; i++) {
+                    jQuery.event.add(dest, type, events[type][i]);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        // make the cloned public data object a copy from the original
+        if (curData.data) {
+            curData.data = jQuery.extend({}, curData.data);
+        }
+    }
+
+    function fixCloneNodeIssues(src, dest) {
+        var nodeName, e, data;
+
+        // We do not need to do anything for non-Elements
+        if (dest.nodeType !== 1) {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        nodeName = dest.nodeName.toLowerCase();
+
+        // IE6-8 copies events bound via attachEvent when using cloneNode.
+        if (!support.noCloneEvent && dest[jQuery.expando]) {
+            data = jQuery._data(dest);
+
+            for (e in data.events) {
+                jQuery.removeEvent(dest, e, data.handle);
+            }
+
+            // Event data gets referenced instead of copied if the expando gets copied too
+            dest.removeAttribute(jQuery.expando);
+        }
+
+        // IE blanks contents when cloning scripts, and tries to evaluate newly-set text
+        if (nodeName === "script" && dest.text !== src.text) {
+            disableScript(dest).text = src.text;
+            restoreScript(dest);
+
+            // IE6-10 improperly clones children of object elements using classid.
+            // IE10 throws NoModificationAllowedError if parent is null, #12132.
+        } else if (nodeName === "object") {
+            if (dest.parentNode) {
+                dest.outerHTML = src.outerHTML;
+            }
+
+            // This path appears unavoidable for IE9. When cloning an object
+            // element in IE9, the outerHTML strategy above is not sufficient.
+            // If the src has innerHTML and the destination does not,
+            // copy the src.innerHTML into the dest.innerHTML. #10324
+            if (support.html5Clone && (src.innerHTML && !jQuery.trim(dest.innerHTML))) {
+                dest.innerHTML = src.innerHTML;
+            }
+
+        } else if (nodeName === "input" && rcheckableType.test(src.type)) {
+            // IE6-8 fails to persist the checked state of a cloned checkbox
+            // or radio button. Worse, IE6-7 fail to give the cloned element
+            // a checked appearance if the defaultChecked value isn't also set
+
+            dest.defaultChecked = dest.checked = src.checked;
+
+            // IE6-7 get confused and end up setting the value of a cloned
+            // checkbox/radio button to an empty string instead of "on"
+            if (dest.value !== src.value) {
+                dest.value = src.value;
+            }
+
+            // IE6-8 fails to return the selected option to the default selected
+            // state when cloning options
+        } else if (nodeName === "option") {
+            dest.defaultSelected = dest.selected = src.defaultSelected;
+
+            // IE6-8 fails to set the defaultValue to the correct value when
+            // cloning other types of input fields
+        } else if (nodeName === "input" || nodeName === "textarea") {
+            dest.defaultValue = src.defaultValue;
+        }
+    }
+
+    jQuery.extend({
+        clone: function (elem, dataAndEvents, deepDataAndEvents) {
+            var destElements, node, clone, i, srcElements,
+                inPage = jQuery.contains(elem.ownerDocument, elem);
+
+            if (support.html5Clone || jQuery.isXMLDoc(elem) || !rnoshimcache.test("<" + elem.nodeName + ">")) {
+                clone = elem.cloneNode(true);
+
+                // IE<=8 does not properly clone detached, unknown element nodes
+            } else {
+                fragmentDiv.innerHTML = elem.outerHTML;
+                fragmentDiv.removeChild(clone = fragmentDiv.firstChild);
+            }
+
+            if ((!support.noCloneEvent || !support.noCloneChecked) &&
+                (elem.nodeType === 1 || elem.nodeType === 11) && !jQuery.isXMLDoc(elem)) {
+
+                // We eschew Sizzle here for performance reasons: http://jsperf.com/getall-vs-sizzle/2
+                destElements = getAll(clone);
+                srcElements = getAll(elem);
+
+                // Fix all IE cloning issues
+                for (i = 0; (node = srcElements[i]) != null; ++i) {
+                    // Ensure that the destination node is not null; Fixes #9587
+                    if (destElements[i]) {
+                        fixCloneNodeIssues(node, destElements[i]);
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+
+            // Copy the events from the original to the clone
+            if (dataAndEvents) {
+                if (deepDataAndEvents) {
+                    srcElements = srcElements || getAll(elem);
+                    destElements = destElements || getAll(clone);
+
+                    for (i = 0; (node = srcElements[i]) != null; i++) {
+                        cloneCopyEvent(node, destElements[i]);
+                    }
+                } else {
+                    cloneCopyEvent(elem, clone);
+                }
+            }
+
+            // Preserve script evaluation history
+            destElements = getAll(clone, "script");
+            if (destElements.length > 0) {
+                setGlobalEval(destElements, !inPage && getAll(elem, "script"));
+            }
+
+            destElements = srcElements = node = null;
+
+            // Return the cloned set
+            return clone;
+        },
+
+        buildFragment: function (elems, context, scripts, selection) {
+            var j, elem, contains,
+                tmp, tag, tbody, wrap,
+                l = elems.length,
+
+                // Ensure a safe fragment
+                safe = createSafeFragment(context),
+
+                nodes = [],
+                i = 0;
+
+            for (; i < l; i++) {
+                elem = elems[i];
+
+                if (elem || elem === 0) {
+
+                    // Add nodes directly
+                    if (jQuery.type(elem) === "object") {
+                        jQuery.merge(nodes, elem.nodeType ? [elem] : elem);
+
+                        // Convert non-html into a text node
+                    } else if (!rhtml.test(elem)) {
+                        nodes.push(context.createTextNode(elem));
+
+                        // Convert html into DOM nodes
+                    } else {
+                        tmp = tmp || safe.appendChild(context.createElement("div"));
+
+                        // Deserialize a standard representation
+                        tag = (rtagName.exec(elem) || ["", ""])[1].toLowerCase();
+                        wrap = wrapMap[tag] || wrapMap._default;
+
+                        tmp.innerHTML = wrap[1] + elem.replace(rxhtmlTag, "<$1></$2>") + wrap[2];
+
+                        // Descend through wrappers to the right content
+                        j = wrap[0];
+                        while (j--) {
+                            tmp = tmp.lastChild;
+                        }
+
+                        // Manually add leading whitespace removed by IE
+                        if (!support.leadingWhitespace && rleadingWhitespace.test(elem)) {
+                            nodes.push(context.createTextNode(rleadingWhitespace.exec(elem)[0]));
+                        }
+
+                        // Remove IE's autoinserted <tbody> from table fragments
+                        if (!support.tbody) {
+
+                            // String was a <table>, *may* have spurious <tbody>
+                            elem = tag === "table" && !rtbody.test(elem) ?
+                                tmp.firstChild :
+
+                                // String was a bare <thead> or <tfoot>
+                                wrap[1] === "<table>" && !rtbody.test(elem) ?
+                                    tmp :
+                                    0;
+
+                            j = elem && elem.childNodes.length;
+                            while (j--) {
+                                if (jQuery.nodeName((tbody = elem.childNodes[j]), "tbody") && !tbody.childNodes.length) {
+                                    elem.removeChild(tbody);
+                                }
+                            }
+                        }
+
+                        jQuery.merge(nodes, tmp.childNodes);
+
+                        // Fix #12392 for WebKit and IE > 9
+                        tmp.textContent = "";
+
+                        // Fix #12392 for oldIE
+                        while (tmp.firstChild) {
+                            tmp.removeChild(tmp.firstChild);
+                        }
+
+                        // Remember the top-level container for proper cleanup
+                        tmp = safe.lastChild;
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+
+            // Fix #11356: Clear elements from fragment
+            if (tmp) {
+                safe.removeChild(tmp);
+            }
+
+            // Reset defaultChecked for any radios and checkboxes
+            // about to be appended to the DOM in IE 6/7 (#8060)
+            if (!support.appendChecked) {
+                jQuery.grep(getAll(nodes, "input"), fixDefaultChecked);
+            }
+
+            i = 0;
+            while ((elem = nodes[i++])) {
+
+                // #4087 - If origin and destination elements are the same, and this is
+                // that element, do not do anything
+                if (selection && jQuery.inArray(elem, selection) !== -1) {
+                    continue;
+                }
+
+                contains = jQuery.contains(elem.ownerDocument, elem);
+
+                // Append to fragment
+                tmp = getAll(safe.appendChild(elem), "script");
+
+                // Preserve script evaluation history
+                if (contains) {
+                    setGlobalEval(tmp);
+                }
+
+                // Capture executables
+                if (scripts) {
+                    j = 0;
+                    while ((elem = tmp[j++])) {
+                        if (rscriptType.test(elem.type || "")) {
+                            scripts.push(elem);
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+
+            tmp = null;
+
+            return safe;
+        },
+
+        cleanData: function (elems, /* internal */ acceptData) {
+            var elem, type, id, data,
+                i = 0,
+                internalKey = jQuery.expando,
+                cache = jQuery.cache,
+                deleteExpando = support.deleteExpando,
+                special = jQuery.event.special;
+
+            for (; (elem = elems[i]) != null; i++) {
+                if (acceptData || jQuery.acceptData(elem)) {
+
+                    id = elem[internalKey];
+                    data = id && cache[id];
+
+                    if (data) {
+                        if (data.events) {
+                            for (type in data.events) {
+                                if (special[type]) {
+                                    jQuery.event.remove(elem, type);
+
+                                    // This is a shortcut to avoid jQuery.event.remove's overhead
+                                } else {
+                                    jQuery.removeEvent(elem, type, data.handle);
+                                }
+                            }
+                        }
+
+                        // Remove cache only if it was not already removed by jQuery.event.remove
+                        if (cache[id]) {
+
+                            delete cache[id];
+
+                            // IE does not allow us to delete expando properties from nodes,
+                            // nor does it have a removeAttribute function on Document nodes;
+                            // we must handle all of these cases
+                            if (deleteExpando) {
+                                delete elem[internalKey];
+
+                            } else if (typeof elem.removeAttribute !== strundefined) {
+                                elem.removeAttribute(internalKey);
+
+                            } else {
+                                elem[internalKey] = null;
+                            }
+
+                            deletedIds.push(id);
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    });
+
+    jQuery.fn.extend({
+        text: function (value) {
+            return access(this, function (value) {
+                return value === undefined ?
+                    jQuery.text(this) :
+                    this.empty().append((this[0] && this[0].ownerDocument || document).createTextNode(value));
+            }, null, value, arguments.length);
+        },
+
+        append: function () {
+            return this.domManip(arguments, function (elem) {
+                if (this.nodeType === 1 || this.nodeType === 11 || this.nodeType === 9) {
+                    var target = manipulationTarget(this, elem);
+                    target.appendChild(elem);
+                }
+            });
+        },
+
+        prepend: function () {
+            return this.domManip(arguments, function (elem) {
+                if (this.nodeType === 1 || this.nodeType === 11 || this.nodeType === 9) {
+                    var target = manipulationTarget(this, elem);
+                    target.insertBefore(elem, target.firstChild);
+                }
+            });
+        },
+
+        before: function () {
+            return this.domManip(arguments, function (elem) {
+                if (this.parentNode) {
+                    this.parentNode.insertBefore(elem, this);
+                }
+            });
+        },
+
+        after: function () {
+            return this.domManip(arguments, function (elem) {
+                if (this.parentNode) {
+                    this.parentNode.insertBefore(elem, this.nextSibling);
+                }
+            });
+        },
+
+        remove: function (selector, keepData /* Internal Use Only */) {
+            var elem,
+                elems = selector ? jQuery.filter(selector, this) : this,
+                i = 0;
+
+            for (; (elem = elems[i]) != null; i++) {
+
+                if (!keepData && elem.nodeType === 1) {
+                    jQuery.cleanData(getAll(elem));
+                }
+
+                if (elem.parentNode) {
+                    if (keepData && jQuery.contains(elem.ownerDocument, elem)) {
+                        setGlobalEval(getAll(elem, "script"));
+                    }
+                    elem.parentNode.removeChild(elem);
+                }
+            }
+
+            return this;
+        },
+
+        empty: function () {
+            var elem,
+                i = 0;
+
+            for (; (elem = this[i]) != null; i++) {
+                // Remove element nodes and prevent memory leaks
+                if (elem.nodeType === 1) {
+                    jQuery.cleanData(getAll(elem, false));
+                }
+
+                // Remove any remaining nodes
+                while (elem.firstChild) {
+                    elem.removeChild(elem.firstChild);
+                }
+
+                // If this is a select, ensure that it displays empty (#12336)
+                // Support: IE<9
+                if (elem.options && jQuery.nodeName(elem, "select")) {
+                    elem.options.length = 0;
+                }
+            }
+
+            return this;
+        },
+
+        clone: function (dataAndEvents, deepDataAndEvents) {
+            dataAndEvents = dataAndEvents == null ? false : dataAndEvents;
+            deepDataAndEvents = deepDataAndEvents == null ? dataAndEvents : deepDataAndEvents;
+
+            return this.map(function () {
+                return jQuery.clone(this, dataAndEvents, deepDataAndEvents);
+            });
+        },
+
+        html: function (value) {
+            return access(this, function (value) {
+                var elem = this[0] || {},
+                    i = 0,
+                    l = this.length;
+
+                if (value === undefined) {
+                    return elem.nodeType === 1 ?
+                        elem.innerHTML.replace(rinlinejQuery, "") :
+                        undefined;
+                }
+
+                // See if we can take a shortcut and just use innerHTML
+                if (typeof value === "string" && !rnoInnerhtml.test(value) &&
+                    (support.htmlSerialize || !rnoshimcache.test(value)) &&
+                    (support.leadingWhitespace || !rleadingWhitespace.test(value)) &&
+                    !wrapMap[(rtagName.exec(value) || ["", ""])[1].toLowerCase()]) {
+
+                    value = value.replace(rxhtmlTag, "<$1></$2>");
+
+                    try {
+                        for (; i < l; i++) {
+                            // Remove element nodes and prevent memory leaks
+                            elem = this[i] || {};
+                            if (elem.nodeType === 1) {
+                                jQuery.cleanData(getAll(elem, false));
+                                elem.innerHTML = value;
+                            }
+                        }
+
+                        elem = 0;
+
+                        // If using innerHTML throws an exception, use the fallback method
+                    } catch (e) { }
+                }
+
+                if (elem) {
+                    this.empty().append(value);
+                }
+            }, null, value, arguments.length);
+        },
+
+        replaceWith: function () {
+            var arg = arguments[0];
+
+            // Make the changes, replacing each context element with the new content
+            this.domManip(arguments, function (elem) {
+                arg = this.parentNode;
+
+                jQuery.cleanData(getAll(this));
+
+                if (arg) {
+                    arg.replaceChild(elem, this);
+                }
+            });
+
+            // Force removal if there was no new content (e.g., from empty arguments)
+            return arg && (arg.length || arg.nodeType) ? this : this.remove();
+        },
+
+        detach: function (selector) {
+            return this.remove(selector, true);
+        },
+
+        domManip: function (args, callback) {
+
+            // Flatten any nested arrays
+            args = concat.apply([], args);
+
+            var first, node, hasScripts,
+                scripts, doc, fragment,
+                i = 0,
+                l = this.length,
+                set = this,
+                iNoClone = l - 1,
+                value = args[0],
+                isFunction = jQuery.isFunction(value);
+
+            // We can't cloneNode fragments that contain checked, in WebKit
+            if (isFunction ||
+                (l > 1 && typeof value === "string" &&
+                    !support.checkClone && rchecked.test(value))) {
+                return this.each(function (index) {
+                    var self = set.eq(index);
+                    if (isFunction) {
+                        args[0] = value.call(this, index, self.html());
+                    }
+                    self.domManip(args, callback);
+                });
+            }
+
+            if (l) {
+                fragment = jQuery.buildFragment(args, this[0].ownerDocument, false, this);
+                first = fragment.firstChild;
+
+                if (fragment.childNodes.length === 1) {
+                    fragment = first;
+                }
+
+                if (first) {
+                    scripts = jQuery.map(getAll(fragment, "script"), disableScript);
+                    hasScripts = scripts.length;
+
+                    // Use the original fragment for the last item instead of the first because it can end up
+                    // being emptied incorrectly in certain situations (#8070).
+                    for (; i < l; i++) {
+                        node = fragment;
+
+                        if (i !== iNoClone) {
+                            node = jQuery.clone(node, true, true);
+
+                            // Keep references to cloned scripts for later restoration
+                            if (hasScripts) {
+                                jQuery.merge(scripts, getAll(node, "script"));
+                            }
+                        }
+
+                        callback.call(this[i], node, i);
+                    }
+
+                    if (hasScripts) {
+                        doc = scripts[scripts.length - 1].ownerDocument;
+
+                        // Reenable scripts
+                        jQuery.map(scripts, restoreScript);
+
+                        // Evaluate executable scripts on first document insertion
+                        for (i = 0; i < hasScripts; i++) {
+                            node = scripts[i];
+                            if (rscriptType.test(node.type || "") &&
+                                !jQuery._data(node, "globalEval") && jQuery.contains(doc, node)) {
+
+                                if (node.src) {
+                                    // Optional AJAX dependency, but won't run scripts if not present
+                                    if (jQuery._evalUrl) {
+                                        jQuery._evalUrl(node.src);
+                                    }
+                                } else {
+                                    jQuery.globalEval((node.text || node.textContent || node.innerHTML || "").replace(rcleanScript, ""));
+                                }
+                            }
+                        }
+                    }
+
+                    // Fix #11809: Avoid leaking memory
+                    fragment = first = null;
+                }
+            }
+
+            return this;
+        }
+    });
+
+    jQuery.each({
+        appendTo: "append",
+        prependTo: "prepend",
+        insertBefore: "before",
+        insertAfter: "after",
+        replaceAll: "replaceWith"
+    }, function (name, original) {
+        jQuery.fn[name] = function (selector) {
+            var elems,
+                i = 0,
+                ret = [],
+                insert = jQuery(selector),
+                last = insert.length - 1;
+
+            for (; i <= last; i++) {
+                elems = i === last ? this : this.clone(true);
+                jQuery(insert[i])[original](elems);
+
+                // Modern browsers can apply jQuery collections as arrays, but oldIE needs a .get()
+                push.apply(ret, elems.get());
+            }
+
+            return this.pushStack(ret);
+        };
+    });
+
+
+    var iframe,
+        elemdisplay = {};
+
+    /**
+     * Retrieve the actual display of a element
+     * @param {String} name nodeName of the element
+     * @param {Object} doc Document object
+     */
+    // Called only from within defaultDisplay
+    function actualDisplay(name, doc) {
+        var style,
+            elem = jQuery(doc.createElement(name)).appendTo(doc.body),
+
+            // getDefaultComputedStyle might be reliably used only on attached element
+            display = window.getDefaultComputedStyle && (style = window.getDefaultComputedStyle(elem[0])) ?
+
+                // Use of this method is a temporary fix (more like optmization) until something better comes along,
+                // since it was removed from specification and supported only in FF
+                style.display : jQuery.css(elem[0], "display");
+
+        // We don't have any data stored on the element,
+        // so use "detach" method as fast way to get rid of the element
+        elem.detach();
+
+        return display;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Try to determine the default display value of an element
+     * @param {String} nodeName
+     */
+    function defaultDisplay(nodeName) {
+        var doc = document,
+            display = elemdisplay[nodeName];
+
+        if (!display) {
+            display = actualDisplay(nodeName, doc);
+
+            // If the simple way fails, read from inside an iframe
+            if (display === "none" || !display) {
+
+                // Use the already-created iframe if possible
+                iframe = (iframe || jQuery("<iframe frameborder='0' width='0' height='0'/>")).appendTo(doc.documentElement);
+
+                // Always write a new HTML skeleton so Webkit and Firefox don't choke on reuse
+                doc = (iframe[0].contentWindow || iframe[0].contentDocument).document;
+
+                // Support: IE
+                doc.write();
+                doc.close();
+
+                display = actualDisplay(nodeName, doc);
+                iframe.detach();
+            }
+
+            // Store the correct default display
+            elemdisplay[nodeName] = display;
+        }
+
+        return display;
+    }
+
+
+    (function () {
+        var shrinkWrapBlocksVal;
+
+        support.shrinkWrapBlocks = function () {
+            if (shrinkWrapBlocksVal != null) {
+                return shrinkWrapBlocksVal;
+            }
+
+            // Will be changed later if needed.
+            shrinkWrapBlocksVal = false;
+
+            // Minified: var b,c,d
+            var div, body, container;
+
+            body = document.getElementsByTagName("body")[0];
+            if (!body || !body.style) {
+                // Test fired too early or in an unsupported environment, exit.
+                return;
+            }
+
+            // Setup
+            div = document.createElement("div");
+            container = document.createElement("div");
+            container.style.cssText = "position:absolute;border:0;width:0;height:0;top:0;left:-9999px";
+            body.appendChild(container).appendChild(div);
+
+            // Support: IE6
+            // Check if elements with layout shrink-wrap their children
+            if (typeof div.style.zoom !== strundefined) {
+                // Reset CSS: box-sizing; display; margin; border
+                div.style.cssText =
+                    // Support: Firefox<29, Android 2.3
+                    // Vendor-prefix box-sizing
+                    "-webkit-box-sizing:content-box;-moz-box-sizing:content-box;" +
+                    "box-sizing:content-box;display:block;margin:0;border:0;" +
+                    "padding:1px;width:1px;zoom:1";
+                div.appendChild(document.createElement("div")).style.width = "5px";
+                shrinkWrapBlocksVal = div.offsetWidth !== 3;
+            }
+
+            body.removeChild(container);
+
+            return shrinkWrapBlocksVal;
+        };
+
+    })();
+    var rmargin = (/^margin/);
+
+    var rnumnonpx = new RegExp("^(" + pnum + ")(?!px)[a-z%]+$", "i");
+
+
+
+    var getStyles, curCSS,
+        rposition = /^(top|right|bottom|left)$/;
+
+    if (window.getComputedStyle) {
+        getStyles = function (elem) {
+            return elem.ownerDocument.defaultView.getComputedStyle(elem, null);
+        };
+
+        curCSS = function (elem, name, computed) {
+            var width, minWidth, maxWidth, ret,
+                style = elem.style;
+
+            computed = computed || getStyles(elem);
+
+            // getPropertyValue is only needed for .css('filter') in IE9, see #12537
+            ret = computed ? computed.getPropertyValue(name) || computed[name] : undefined;
+
+            if (computed) {
+
+                if (ret === "" && !jQuery.contains(elem.ownerDocument, elem)) {
+                    ret = jQuery.style(elem, name);
+                }
+
+                // A tribute to the "awesome hack by Dean Edwards"
+                // Chrome < 17 and Safari 5.0 uses "computed value" instead of "used value" for margin-right
+                // Safari 5.1.7 (at least) returns percentage for a larger set of values, but width seems to be reliably pixels
+                // this is against the CSSOM draft spec: http://dev.w3.org/csswg/cssom/#resolved-values
+                if (rnumnonpx.test(ret) && rmargin.test(name)) {
+
+                    // Remember the original values
+                    width = style.width;
+                    minWidth = style.minWidth;
+                    maxWidth = style.maxWidth;
+
+                    // Put in the new values to get a computed value out
+                    style.minWidth = style.maxWidth = style.width = ret;
+                    ret = computed.width;
+
+                    // Revert the changed values
+                    style.width = width;
+                    style.minWidth = minWidth;
+                    style.maxWidth = maxWidth;
+                }
+            }
+
+            // Support: IE
+            // IE returns zIndex value as an integer.
+            return ret === undefined ?
+                ret :
+                ret + "";
+        };
+    } else if (document.documentElement.currentStyle) {
+        getStyles = function (elem) {
+            return elem.currentStyle;
+        };
+
+        curCSS = function (elem, name, computed) {
+            var left, rs, rsLeft, ret,
+                style = elem.style;
+
+            computed = computed || getStyles(elem);
+            ret = computed ? computed[name] : undefined;
+
+            // Avoid setting ret to empty string here
+            // so we don't default to auto
+            if (ret == null && style && style[name]) {
+                ret = style[name];
+            }
+
+            // From the awesome hack by Dean Edwards
+            // http://erik.eae.net/archives/2007/07/27/18.54.15/#comment-102291
+
+            // If we're not dealing with a regular pixel number
+            // but a number that has a weird ending, we need to convert it to pixels
+            // but not position css attributes, as those are proportional to the parent element instead
+            // and we can't measure the parent instead because it might trigger a "stacking dolls" problem
+            if (rnumnonpx.test(ret) && !rposition.test(name)) {
+
+                // Remember the original values
+                left = style.left;
+                rs = elem.runtimeStyle;
+                rsLeft = rs && rs.left;
+
+                // Put in the new values to get a computed value out
+                if (rsLeft) {
+                    rs.left = elem.currentStyle.left;
+                }
+                style.left = name === "fontSize" ? "1em" : ret;
+                ret = style.pixelLeft + "px";
+
+                // Revert the changed values
+                style.left = left;
+                if (rsLeft) {
+                    rs.left = rsLeft;
+                }
+            }
+
+            // Support: IE
+            // IE returns zIndex value as an integer.
+            return ret === undefined ?
+                ret :
+                ret + "" || "auto";
+        };
+    }
+
+
+
+
+    function addGetHookIf(conditionFn, hookFn) {
+        // Define the hook, we'll check on the first run if it's really needed.
+        return {
+            get: function () {
+                var condition = conditionFn();
+
+                if (condition == null) {
+                    // The test was not ready at this point; screw the hook this time
+                    // but check again when needed next time.
+                    return;
+                }
+
+                if (condition) {
+                    // Hook not needed (or it's not possible to use it due to missing dependency),
+                    // remove it.
+                    // Since there are no other hooks for marginRight, remove the whole object.
+                    delete this.get;
+                    return;
+                }
+
+                // Hook needed; redefine it so that the support test is not executed again.
+
+                return (this.get = hookFn).apply(this, arguments);
+            }
+        };
+    }
+
+
+    (function () {
+        // Minified: var b,c,d,e,f,g, h,i
+        var div, style, a, pixelPositionVal, boxSizingReliableVal,
+            reliableHiddenOffsetsVal, reliableMarginRightVal;
+
+        // Setup
+        div = document.createElement("div");
+        div.innerHTML = "  <link/><table></table><a href='/a'>a</a><input type='checkbox'/>";
+        a = div.getElementsByTagName("a")[0];
+        style = a && a.style;
+
+        // Finish early in limited (non-browser) environments
+        if (!style) {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        style.cssText = "float:left;opacity:.5";
+
+        // Support: IE<9
+        // Make sure that element opacity exists (as opposed to filter)
+        support.opacity = style.opacity === "0.5";
+
+        // Verify style float existence
+        // (IE uses styleFloat instead of cssFloat)
+        support.cssFloat = !!style.cssFloat;
+
+        div.style.backgroundClip = "content-box";
+        div.cloneNode(true).style.backgroundClip = "";
+        support.clearCloneStyle = div.style.backgroundClip === "content-box";
+
+        // Support: Firefox<29, Android 2.3
+        // Vendor-prefix box-sizing
+        support.boxSizing = style.boxSizing === "" || style.MozBoxSizing === "" ||
+            style.WebkitBoxSizing === "";
+
+        jQuery.extend(support, {
+            reliableHiddenOffsets: function () {
+                if (reliableHiddenOffsetsVal == null) {
+                    computeStyleTests();
+                }
+                return reliableHiddenOffsetsVal;
+            },
+
+            boxSizingReliable: function () {
+                if (boxSizingReliableVal == null) {
+                    computeStyleTests();
+                }
+                return boxSizingReliableVal;
+            },
+
+            pixelPosition: function () {
+                if (pixelPositionVal == null) {
+                    computeStyleTests();
+                }
+                return pixelPositionVal;
+            },
+
+            // Support: Android 2.3
+            reliableMarginRight: function () {
+                if (reliableMarginRightVal == null) {
+                    computeStyleTests();
+                }
+                return reliableMarginRightVal;
+            }
+        });
+
+        function computeStyleTests() {
+            // Minified: var b,c,d,j
+            var div, body, container, contents;
+
+            body = document.getElementsByTagName("body")[0];
+            if (!body || !body.style) {
+                // Test fired too early or in an unsupported environment, exit.
+                return;
+            }
+
+            // Setup
+            div = document.createElement("div");
+            container = document.createElement("div");
+            container.style.cssText = "position:absolute;border:0;width:0;height:0;top:0;left:-9999px";
+            body.appendChild(container).appendChild(div);
+
+            div.style.cssText =
+                // Support: Firefox<29, Android 2.3
+                // Vendor-prefix box-sizing
+                "-webkit-box-sizing:border-box;-moz-box-sizing:border-box;" +
+                "box-sizing:border-box;display:block;margin-top:1%;top:1%;" +
+                "border:1px;padding:1px;width:4px;position:absolute";
+
+            // Support: IE<9
+            // Assume reasonable values in the absence of getComputedStyle
+            pixelPositionVal = boxSizingReliableVal = false;
+            reliableMarginRightVal = true;
+
+            // Check for getComputedStyle so that this code is not run in IE<9.
+            if (window.getComputedStyle) {
+                pixelPositionVal = (window.getComputedStyle(div, null) || {}).top !== "1%";
+                boxSizingReliableVal =
+                    (window.getComputedStyle(div, null) || { width: "4px" }).width === "4px";
+
+                // Support: Android 2.3
+                // Div with explicit width and no margin-right incorrectly
+                // gets computed margin-right based on width of container (#3333)
+                // WebKit Bug 13343 - getComputedStyle returns wrong value for margin-right
+                contents = div.appendChild(document.createElement("div"));
+
+                // Reset CSS: box-sizing; display; margin; border; padding
+                contents.style.cssText = div.style.cssText =
+                    // Support: Firefox<29, Android 2.3
+                    // Vendor-prefix box-sizing
+                    "-webkit-box-sizing:content-box;-moz-box-sizing:content-box;" +
+                    "box-sizing:content-box;display:block;margin:0;border:0;padding:0";
+                contents.style.marginRight = contents.style.width = "0";
+                div.style.width = "1px";
+
+                reliableMarginRightVal =
+                    !parseFloat((window.getComputedStyle(contents, null) || {}).marginRight);
+            }
+
+            // Support: IE8
+            // Check if table cells still have offsetWidth/Height when they are set
+            // to display:none and there are still other visible table cells in a
+            // table row; if so, offsetWidth/Height are not reliable for use when
+            // determining if an element has been hidden directly using
+            // display:none (it is still safe to use offsets if a parent element is
+            // hidden; don safety goggles and see bug #4512 for more information).
+            div.innerHTML = "<table><tr><td></td><td>t</td></tr></table>";
+            contents = div.getElementsByTagName("td");
+            contents[0].style.cssText = "margin:0;border:0;padding:0;display:none";
+            reliableHiddenOffsetsVal = contents[0].offsetHeight === 0;
+            if (reliableHiddenOffsetsVal) {
+                contents[0].style.display = "";
+                contents[1].style.display = "none";
+                reliableHiddenOffsetsVal = contents[0].offsetHeight === 0;
+            }
+
+            body.removeChild(container);
+        }
+
+    })();
+
+
+    // A method for quickly swapping in/out CSS properties to get correct calculations.
+    jQuery.swap = function (elem, options, callback, args) {
+        var ret, name,
+            old = {};
+
+        // Remember the old values, and insert the new ones
+        for (name in options) {
+            old[name] = elem.style[name];
+            elem.style[name] = options[name];
+        }
+
+        ret = callback.apply(elem, args || []);
+
+        // Revert the old values
+        for (name in options) {
+            elem.style[name] = old[name];
+        }
+
+        return ret;
+    };
+
+
+    var
+        ralpha = /alpha\([^)]*\)/i,
+        ropacity = /opacity\s*=\s*([^)]*)/,
+
+        // swappable if display is none or starts with table except "table", "table-cell", or "table-caption"
+        // see here for display values: https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/CSS/display
+        rdisplayswap = /^(none|table(?!-c[ea]).+)/,
+        rnumsplit = new RegExp("^(" + pnum + ")(.*)$", "i"),
+        rrelNum = new RegExp("^([+-])=(" + pnum + ")", "i"),
+
+        cssShow = { position: "absolute", visibility: "hidden", display: "block" },
+        cssNormalTransform = {
+            letterSpacing: "0",
+            fontWeight: "400"
+        },
+
+        cssPrefixes = ["Webkit", "O", "Moz", "ms"];
+
+
+    // return a css property mapped to a potentially vendor prefixed property
+    function vendorPropName(style, name) {
+
+        // shortcut for names that are not vendor prefixed
+        if (name in style) {
+            return name;
+        }
+
+        // check for vendor prefixed names
+        var capName = name.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + name.slice(1),
+            origName = name,
+            i = cssPrefixes.length;
+
+        while (i--) {
+            name = cssPrefixes[i] + capName;
+            if (name in style) {
+                return name;
+            }
+        }
+
+        return origName;
+    }
+
+    function showHide(elements, show) {
+        var display, elem, hidden,
+            values = [],
+            index = 0,
+            length = elements.length;
+
+        for (; index < length; index++) {
+            elem = elements[index];
+            if (!elem.style) {
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            values[index] = jQuery._data(elem, "olddisplay");
+            display = elem.style.display;
+            if (show) {
+                // Reset the inline display of this element to learn if it is
+                // being hidden by cascaded rules or not
+                if (!values[index] && display === "none") {
+                    elem.style.display = "";
+                }
+
+                // Set elements which have been overridden with display: none
+                // in a stylesheet to whatever the default browser style is
+                // for such an element
+                if (elem.style.display === "" && isHidden(elem)) {
+                    values[index] = jQuery._data(elem, "olddisplay", defaultDisplay(elem.nodeName));
+                }
+            } else {
+                hidden = isHidden(elem);
+
+                if (display && display !== "none" || !hidden) {
+                    jQuery._data(elem, "olddisplay", hidden ? display : jQuery.css(elem, "display"));
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        // Set the display of most of the elements in a second loop
+        // to avoid the constant reflow
+        for (index = 0; index < length; index++) {
+            elem = elements[index];
+            if (!elem.style) {
+                continue;
+            }
+            if (!show || elem.style.display === "none" || elem.style.display === "") {
+                elem.style.display = show ? values[index] || "" : "none";
+            }
+        }
+
+        return elements;
+    }
+
+    function setPositiveNumber(elem, value, subtract) {
+        var matches = rnumsplit.exec(value);
+        return matches ?
+            // Guard against undefined "subtract", e.g., when used as in cssHooks
+            Math.max(0, matches[1] - (subtract || 0)) + (matches[2] || "px") :
+            value;
+    }
+
+    function augmentWidthOrHeight(elem, name, extra, isBorderBox, styles) {
+        var i = extra === (isBorderBox ? "border" : "content") ?
+            // If we already have the right measurement, avoid augmentation
+            4 :
+            // Otherwise initialize for horizontal or vertical properties
+            name === "width" ? 1 : 0,
+
+            val = 0;
+
+        for (; i < 4; i += 2) {
+            // both box models exclude margin, so add it if we want it
+            if (extra === "margin") {
+                val += jQuery.css(elem, extra + cssExpand[i], true, styles);
+            }
+
+            if (isBorderBox) {
+                // border-box includes padding, so remove it if we want content
+                if (extra === "content") {
+                    val -= jQuery.css(elem, "padding" + cssExpand[i], true, styles);
+                }
+
+                // at this point, extra isn't border nor margin, so remove border
+                if (extra !== "margin") {
+                    val -= jQuery.css(elem, "border" + cssExpand[i] + "Width", true, styles);
+                }
+            } else {
+                // at this point, extra isn't content, so add padding
+                val += jQuery.css(elem, "padding" + cssExpand[i], true, styles);
+
+                // at this point, extra isn't content nor padding, so add border
+                if (extra !== "padding") {
+                    val += jQuery.css(elem, "border" + cssExpand[i] + "Width", true, styles);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        return val;
+    }
+
+    function getWidthOrHeight(elem, name, extra) {
+
+        // Start with offset property, which is equivalent to the border-box value
+        var valueIsBorderBox = true,
+            val = name === "width" ? elem.offsetWidth : elem.offsetHeight,
+            styles = getStyles(elem),
+            isBorderBox = support.boxSizing && jQuery.css(elem, "boxSizing", false, styles) === "border-box";
+
+        // some non-html elements return undefined for offsetWidth, so check for null/undefined
+        // svg - https://bugzilla.mozilla.org/show_bug.cgi?id=649285
+        // MathML - https://bugzilla.mozilla.org/show_bug.cgi?id=491668
+        if (val <= 0 || val == null) {
+            // Fall back to computed then uncomputed css if necessary
+            val = curCSS(elem, name, styles);
+            if (val < 0 || val == null) {
+                val = elem.style[name];
+            }
+
+            // Computed unit is not pixels. Stop here and return.
+            if (rnumnonpx.test(val)) {
+                return val;
+            }
+
+            // we need the check for style in case a browser which returns unreliable values
+            // for getComputedStyle silently falls back to the reliable elem.style
+            valueIsBorderBox = isBorderBox && (support.boxSizingReliable() || val === elem.style[name]);
+
+            // Normalize "", auto, and prepare for extra
+            val = parseFloat(val) || 0;
+        }
+
+        // use the active box-sizing model to add/subtract irrelevant styles
+        return (val +
+            augmentWidthOrHeight(
+                elem,
+                name,
+                extra || (isBorderBox ? "border" : "content"),
+                valueIsBorderBox,
+                styles
+            )
+        ) + "px";
+    }
+
+    jQuery.extend({
+        // Add in style property hooks for overriding the default
+        // behavior of getting and setting a style property
+        cssHooks: {
+            opacity: {
+                get: function (elem, computed) {
+                    if (computed) {
+                        // We should always get a number back from opacity
+                        var ret = curCSS(elem, "opacity");
+                        return ret === "" ? "1" : ret;
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        },
+
+        // Don't automatically add "px" to these possibly-unitless properties
+        cssNumber: {
+            "columnCount": true,
+            "fillOpacity": true,
+            "flexGrow": true,
+            "flexShrink": true,
+            "fontWeight": true,
+            "lineHeight": true,
+            "opacity": true,
+            "order": true,
+            "orphans": true,
+            "widows": true,
+            "zIndex": true,
+            "zoom": true
+        },
+
+        // Add in properties whose names you wish to fix before
+        // setting or getting the value
+        cssProps: {
+            // normalize float css property
+            "float": support.cssFloat ? "cssFloat" : "styleFloat"
+        },
+
+        // Get and set the style property on a DOM Node
+        style: function (elem, name, value, extra) {
+            // Don't set styles on text and comment nodes
+            if (!elem || elem.nodeType === 3 || elem.nodeType === 8 || !elem.style) {
+                return;
+            }
+
+            // Make sure that we're working with the right name
+            var ret, type, hooks,
+                origName = jQuery.camelCase(name),
+                style = elem.style;
+
+            name = jQuery.cssProps[origName] || (jQuery.cssProps[origName] = vendorPropName(style, origName));
+
+            // gets hook for the prefixed version
+            // followed by the unprefixed version
+            hooks = jQuery.cssHooks[name] || jQuery.cssHooks[origName];
+
+            // Check if we're setting a value
+            if (value !== undefined) {
+                type = typeof value;
+
+                // convert relative number strings (+= or -=) to relative numbers. #7345
+                if (type === "string" && (ret = rrelNum.exec(value))) {
+                    value = (ret[1] + 1) * ret[2] + parseFloat(jQuery.css(elem, name));
+                    // Fixes bug #9237
+                    type = "number";
+                }
+
+                // Make sure that null and NaN values aren't set. See: #7116
+                if (value == null || value !== value) {
+                    return;
+                }
+
+                // If a number was passed in, add 'px' to the (except for certain CSS properties)
+                if (type === "number" && !jQuery.cssNumber[origName]) {
+                    value += "px";
+                }
+
+                // Fixes #8908, it can be done more correctly by specifing setters in cssHooks,
+                // but it would mean to define eight (for every problematic property) identical functions
+                if (!support.clearCloneStyle && value === "" && name.indexOf("background") === 0) {
+                    style[name] = "inherit";
+                }
+
+                // If a hook was provided, use that value, otherwise just set the specified value
+                if (!hooks || !("set" in hooks) || (value = hooks.set(elem, value, extra)) !== undefined) {
+
+                    // Support: IE
+                    // Swallow errors from 'invalid' CSS values (#5509)
+                    try {
+                        style[name] = value;
+                    } catch (e) { }
+                }
+
+            } else {
+                // If a hook was provided get the non-computed value from there
+                if (hooks && "get" in hooks && (ret = hooks.get(elem, false, extra)) !== undefined) {
+                    return ret;
+                }
+
+                // Otherwise just get the value from the style object
+                return style[name];
+            }
+        },
+
+        css: function (elem, name, extra, styles) {
+            var num, val, hooks,
+                origName = jQuery.camelCase(name);
+
+            // Make sure that we're working with the right name
+            name = jQuery.cssProps[origName] || (jQuery.cssProps[origName] = vendorPropName(elem.style, origName));
+
+            // gets hook for the prefixed version
+            // followed by the unprefixed version
+            hooks = jQuery.cssHooks[name] || jQuery.cssHooks[origName];
+
+            // If a hook was provided get the computed value from there
+            if (hooks && "get" in hooks) {
+                val = hooks.get(elem, true, extra);
+            }
+
+            // Otherwise, if a way to get the computed value exists, use that
+            if (val === undefined) {
+                val = curCSS(elem, name, styles);
+            }
+
+            //convert "normal" to computed value
+            if (val === "normal" && name in cssNormalTransform) {
+                val = cssNormalTransform[name];
+            }
+
+            // Return, converting to number if forced or a qualifier was provided and val looks numeric
+            if (extra === "" || extra) {
+                num = parseFloat(val);
+                return extra === true || jQuery.isNumeric(num) ? num || 0 : val;
+            }
+            return val;
+        }
+    });
+
+    jQuery.each(["height", "width"], function (i, name) {
+        jQuery.cssHooks[name] = {
+            get: function (elem, computed, extra) {
+                if (computed) {
+                    // certain elements can have dimension info if we invisibly show them
+                    // however, it must have a current display style that would benefit from this
+                    return rdisplayswap.test(jQuery.css(elem, "display")) && elem.offsetWidth === 0 ?
+                        jQuery.swap(elem, cssShow, function () {
+                            return getWidthOrHeight(elem, name, extra);
+                        }) :
+                        getWidthOrHeight(elem, name, extra);
+                }
+            },
+
+            set: function (elem, value, extra) {
+                var styles = extra && getStyles(elem);
+                return setPositiveNumber(elem, value, extra ?
+                    augmentWidthOrHeight(
+                        elem,
+                        name,
+                        extra,
+                        support.boxSizing && jQuery.css(elem, "boxSizing", false, styles) === "border-box",
+                        styles
+                    ) : 0
+                );
+            }
+        };
+    });
+
+    if (!support.opacity) {
+        jQuery.cssHooks.opacity = {
+            get: function (elem, computed) {
+                // IE uses filters for opacity
+                return ropacity.test((computed && elem.currentStyle ? elem.currentStyle.filter : elem.style.filter) || "") ?
+                    (0.01 * parseFloat(RegExp.$1)) + "" :
+                    computed ? "1" : "";
+            },
+
+            set: function (elem, value) {
+                var style = elem.style,
+                    currentStyle = elem.currentStyle,
+                    opacity = jQuery.isNumeric(value) ? "alpha(opacity=" + value * 100 + ")" : "",
+                    filter = currentStyle && currentStyle.filter || style.filter || "";
+
+                // IE has trouble with opacity if it does not have layout
+                // Force it by setting the zoom level
+                style.zoom = 1;
+
+                // if setting opacity to 1, and no other filters exist - attempt to remove filter attribute #6652
+                // if value === "", then remove inline opacity #12685
+                if ((value >= 1 || value === "") &&
+                    jQuery.trim(filter.replace(ralpha, "")) === "" &&
+                    style.removeAttribute) {
+
+                    // Setting style.filter to null, "" & " " still leave "filter:" in the cssText
+                    // if "filter:" is present at all, clearType is disabled, we want to avoid this
+                    // style.removeAttribute is IE Only, but so apparently is this code path...
+                    style.removeAttribute("filter");
+
+                    // if there is no filter style applied in a css rule or unset inline opacity, we are done
+                    if (value === "" || currentStyle && !currentStyle.filter) {
+                        return;
+                    }
+                }
+
+                // otherwise, set new filter values
+                style.filter = ralpha.test(filter) ?
+                    filter.replace(ralpha, opacity) :
+                    filter + " " + opacity;
+            }
+        };
+    }
+
+    jQuery.cssHooks.marginRight = addGetHookIf(support.reliableMarginRight,
+        function (elem, computed) {
+            if (computed) {
+                // WebKit Bug 13343 - getComputedStyle returns wrong value for margin-right
+                // Work around by temporarily setting element display to inline-block
+                return jQuery.swap(elem, { "display": "inline-block" },
+                    curCSS, [elem, "marginRight"]);
+            }
+        }
+    );
+
+    // These hooks are used by animate to expand properties
+    jQuery.each({
+        margin: "",
+        padding: "",
+        border: "Width"
+    }, function (prefix, suffix) {
+        jQuery.cssHooks[prefix + suffix] = {
+            expand: function (value) {
+                var i = 0,
+                    expanded = {},
+
+                    // assumes a single number if not a string
+                    parts = typeof value === "string" ? value.split(" ") : [value];
+
+                for (; i < 4; i++) {
+                    expanded[prefix + cssExpand[i] + suffix] =
+                        parts[i] || parts[i - 2] || parts[0];
+                }
+
+                return expanded;
+            }
+        };
+
+        if (!rmargin.test(prefix)) {
+            jQuery.cssHooks[prefix + suffix].set = setPositiveNumber;
+        }
+    });
+
+    jQuery.fn.extend({
+        css: function (name, value) {
+            return access(this, function (elem, name, value) {
+                var styles, len,
+                    map = {},
+                    i = 0;
+
+                if (jQuery.isArray(name)) {
+                    styles = getStyles(elem);
+                    len = name.length;
+
+                    for (; i < len; i++) {
+                        map[name[i]] = jQuery.css(elem, name[i], false, styles);
+                    }
+
+                    return map;
+                }
+
+                return value !== undefined ?
+                    jQuery.style(elem, name, value) :
+                    jQuery.css(elem, name);
+            }, name, value, arguments.length > 1);
+        },
+        show: function () {
+            return showHide(this, true);
+        },
+        hide: function () {
+            return showHide(this);
+        },
+        toggle: function (state) {
+            if (typeof state === "boolean") {
+                return state ? this.show() : this.hide();
+            }
+
+            return this.each(function () {
+                if (isHidden(this)) {
+                    jQuery(this).show();
+                } else {
+                    jQuery(this).hide();
+                }
+            });
+        }
+    });
+
+
+    function Tween(elem, options, prop, end, easing) {
+        return new Tween.prototype.init(elem, options, prop, end, easing);
+    }
+    jQuery.Tween = Tween;
+
+    Tween.prototype = {
+        constructor: Tween,
+        init: function (elem, options, prop, end, easing, unit) {
+            this.elem = elem;
+            this.prop = prop;
+            this.easing = easing || "swing";
+            this.options = options;
+            this.start = this.now = this.cur();
+            this.end = end;
+            this.unit = unit || (jQuery.cssNumber[prop] ? "" : "px");
+        },
+        cur: function () {
+            var hooks = Tween.propHooks[this.prop];
+
+            return hooks && hooks.get ?
+                hooks.get(this) :
+                Tween.propHooks._default.get(this);
+        },
+        run: function (percent) {
+            var eased,
+                hooks = Tween.propHooks[this.prop];
+
+            if (this.options.duration) {
+                this.pos = eased = jQuery.easing[this.easing](
+                    percent, this.options.duration * percent, 0, 1, this.options.duration
+                );
+            } else {
+                this.pos = eased = percent;
+            }
+            this.now = (this.end - this.start) * eased + this.start;
+
+            if (this.options.step) {
+                this.options.step.call(this.elem, this.now, this);
+            }
+
+            if (hooks && hooks.set) {
+                hooks.set(this);
+            } else {
+                Tween.propHooks._default.set(this);
+            }
+            return this;
+        }
+    };
+
+    Tween.prototype.init.prototype = Tween.prototype;
+
+    Tween.propHooks = {
+        _default: {
+            get: function (tween) {
+                var result;
+
+                if (tween.elem[tween.prop] != null &&
+                    (!tween.elem.style || tween.elem.style[tween.prop] == null)) {
+                    return tween.elem[tween.prop];
+                }
+
+                // passing an empty string as a 3rd parameter to .css will automatically
+                // attempt a parseFloat and fallback to a string if the parse fails
+                // so, simple values such as "10px" are parsed to Float.
+                // complex values such as "rotate(1rad)" are returned as is.
+                result = jQuery.css(tween.elem, tween.prop, "");
+                // Empty strings, null, undefined and "auto" are converted to 0.
+                return !result || result === "auto" ? 0 : result;
+            },
+            set: function (tween) {
+                // use step hook for back compat - use cssHook if its there - use .style if its
+                // available and use plain properties where available
+                if (jQuery.fx.step[tween.prop]) {
+                    jQuery.fx.step[tween.prop](tween);
+                } else if (tween.elem.style && (tween.elem.style[jQuery.cssProps[tween.prop]] != null || jQuery.cssHooks[tween.prop])) {
+                    jQuery.style(tween.elem, tween.prop, tween.now + tween.unit);
+                } else {
+                    tween.elem[tween.prop] = tween.now;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    };
+
+    // Support: IE <=9
+    // Panic based approach to setting things on disconnected nodes
+
+    Tween.propHooks.scrollTop = Tween.propHooks.scrollLeft = {
+        set: function (tween) {
+            if (tween.elem.nodeType && tween.elem.parentNode) {
+                tween.elem[tween.prop] = tween.now;
+            }
+        }
+    };
+
+    jQuery.easing = {
+        linear: function (p) {
+            return p;
+        },
+        swing: function (p) {
+            return 0.5 - Math.cos(p * Math.PI) / 2;
+        }
+    };
+
+    jQuery.fx = Tween.prototype.init;
+
+    // Back Compat <1.8 extension point
+    jQuery.fx.step = {};
+
+
+
+
+    var
+        fxNow, timerId,
+        rfxtypes = /^(?:toggle|show|hide)$/,
+        rfxnum = new RegExp("^(?:([+-])=|)(" + pnum + ")([a-z%]*)$", "i"),
+        rrun = /queueHooks$/,
+        animationPrefilters = [defaultPrefilter],
+        tweeners = {
+            "*": [function (prop, value) {
+                var tween = this.createTween(prop, value),
+                    target = tween.cur(),
+                    parts = rfxnum.exec(value),
+                    unit = parts && parts[3] || (jQuery.cssNumber[prop] ? "" : "px"),
+
+                    // Starting value computation is required for potential unit mismatches
+                    start = (jQuery.cssNumber[prop] || unit !== "px" && +target) &&
+                        rfxnum.exec(jQuery.css(tween.elem, prop)),
+                    scale = 1,
+                    maxIterations = 20;
+
+                if (start && start[3] !== unit) {
+                    // Trust units reported by jQuery.css
+                    unit = unit || start[3];
+
+                    // Make sure we update the tween properties later on
+                    parts = parts || [];
+
+                    // Iteratively approximate from a nonzero starting point
+                    start = +target || 1;
+
+                    do {
+                        // If previous iteration zeroed out, double until we get *something*
+                        // Use a string for doubling factor so we don't accidentally see scale as unchanged below
+                        scale = scale || ".5";
+
+                        // Adjust and apply
+                        start = start / scale;
+                        jQuery.style(tween.elem, prop, start + unit);
+
+                        // Update scale, tolerating zero or NaN from tween.cur()
+                        // And breaking the loop if scale is unchanged or perfect, or if we've just had enough
+                    } while (scale !== (scale = tween.cur() / target) && scale !== 1 && --maxIterations);
+                }
+
+                // Update tween properties
+                if (parts) {
+                    start = tween.start = +start || +target || 0;
+                    tween.unit = unit;
+                    // If a +=/-= token was provided, we're doing a relative animation
+                    tween.end = parts[1] ?
+                        start + (parts[1] + 1) * parts[2] :
+                        +parts[2];
+                }
+
+                return tween;
+            }]
+        };
+
+    // Animations created synchronously will run synchronously
+    function createFxNow() {
+        setTimeout(function () {
+            fxNow = undefined;
+        });
+        return (fxNow = jQuery.now());
+    }
+
+    // Generate parameters to create a standard animation
+    function genFx(type, includeWidth) {
+        var which,
+            attrs = { height: type },
+            i = 0;
+
+        // if we include width, step value is 1 to do all cssExpand values,
+        // if we don't include width, step value is 2 to skip over Left and Right
+        includeWidth = includeWidth ? 1 : 0;
+        for (; i < 4; i += 2 - includeWidth) {
+            which = cssExpand[i];
+            attrs["margin" + which] = attrs["padding" + which] = type;
+        }
+
+        if (includeWidth) {
+            attrs.opacity = attrs.width = type;
+        }
+
+        return attrs;
+    }
+
+    function createTween(value, prop, animation) {
+        var tween,
+            collection = (tweeners[prop] || []).concat(tweeners["*"]),
+            index = 0,
+            length = collection.length;
+        for (; index < length; index++) {
+            if ((tween = collection[index].call(animation, prop, value))) {
+
+                // we're done with this property
+                return tween;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    function defaultPrefilter(elem, props, opts) {
+        /* jshint validthis: true */
+        var prop, value, toggle, tween, hooks, oldfire, display, checkDisplay,
+            anim = this,
+            orig = {},
+            style = elem.style,
+            hidden = elem.nodeType && isHidden(elem),
+            dataShow = jQuery._data(elem, "fxshow");
+
+        // handle queue: false promises
+        if (!opts.queue) {
+            hooks = jQuery._queueHooks(elem, "fx");
+            if (hooks.unqueued == null) {
+                hooks.unqueued = 0;
+                oldfire = hooks.empty.fire;
+                hooks.empty.fire = function () {
+                    if (!hooks.unqueued) {
+                        oldfire();
+                    }
+                };
+            }
+            hooks.unqueued++;
+
+            anim.always(function () {
+                // doing this makes sure that the complete handler will be called
+                // before this completes
+                anim.always(function () {
+                    hooks.unqueued--;
+                    if (!jQuery.queue(elem, "fx").length) {
+                        hooks.empty.fire();
+                    }
+                });
+            });
+        }
+
+        // height/width overflow pass
+        if (elem.nodeType === 1 && ("height" in props || "width" in props)) {
+            // Make sure that nothing sneaks out
+            // Record all 3 overflow attributes because IE does not
+            // change the overflow attribute when overflowX and
+            // overflowY are set to the same value
+            opts.overflow = [style.overflow, style.overflowX, style.overflowY];
+
+            // Set display property to inline-block for height/width
+            // animations on inline elements that are having width/height animated
+            display = jQuery.css(elem, "display");
+
+            // Test default display if display is currently "none"
+            checkDisplay = display === "none" ?
+                jQuery._data(elem, "olddisplay") || defaultDisplay(elem.nodeName) : display;
+
+            if (checkDisplay === "inline" && jQuery.css(elem, "float") === "none") {
+
+                // inline-level elements accept inline-block;
+                // block-level elements need to be inline with layout
+                if (!support.inlineBlockNeedsLayout || defaultDisplay(elem.nodeName) === "inline") {
+                    style.display = "inline-block";
+                } else {
+                    style.zoom = 1;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        if (opts.overflow) {
+            style.overflow = "hidden";
+            if (!support.shrinkWrapBlocks()) {
+                anim.always(function () {
+                    style.overflow = opts.overflow[0];
+                    style.overflowX = opts.overflow[1];
+                    style.overflowY = opts.overflow[2];
+                });
+            }
+        }
+
+        // show/hide pass
+        for (prop in props) {
+            value = props[prop];
+            if (rfxtypes.exec(value)) {
+                delete props[prop];
+                toggle = toggle || value === "toggle";
+                if (value === (hidden ? "hide" : "show")) {
+
+                    // If there is dataShow left over from a stopped hide or show and we are going to proceed with show, we should pretend to be hidden
+                    if (value === "show" && dataShow && dataShow[prop] !== undefined) {
+                        hidden = true;
+                    } else {
+                        continue;
+                    }
+                }
+                orig[prop] = dataShow && dataShow[prop] || jQuery.style(elem, prop);
+
+                // Any non-fx value stops us from restoring the original display value
+            } else {
+                display = undefined;
+            }
+        }
+
+        if (!jQuery.isEmptyObject(orig)) {
+            if (dataShow) {
+                if ("hidden" in dataShow) {
+                    hidden = dataShow.hidden;
+                }
+            } else {
+                dataShow = jQuery._data(elem, "fxshow", {});
+            }
+
+            // store state if its toggle - enables .stop().toggle() to "reverse"
+            if (toggle) {
+                dataShow.hidden = !hidden;
+            }
+            if (hidden) {
+                jQuery(elem).show();
+            } else {
+                anim.done(function () {
+                    jQuery(elem).hide();
+                });
+            }
+            anim.done(function () {
+                var prop;
+                jQuery._removeData(elem, "fxshow");
+                for (prop in orig) {
+                    jQuery.style(elem, prop, orig[prop]);
+                }
+            });
+            for (prop in orig) {
+                tween = createTween(hidden ? dataShow[prop] : 0, prop, anim);
+
+                if (!(prop in dataShow)) {
+                    dataShow[prop] = tween.start;
+                    if (hidden) {
+                        tween.end = tween.start;
+                        tween.start = prop === "width" || prop === "height" ? 1 : 0;
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+
+            // If this is a noop like .hide().hide(), restore an overwritten display value
+        } else if ((display === "none" ? defaultDisplay(elem.nodeName) : display) === "inline") {
+            style.display = display;
+        }
+    }
+
+    function propFilter(props, specialEasing) {
+        var index, name, easing, value, hooks;
+
+        // camelCase, specialEasing and expand cssHook pass
+        for (index in props) {
+            name = jQuery.camelCase(index);
+            easing = specialEasing[name];
+            value = props[index];
+            if (jQuery.isArray(value)) {
+                easing = value[1];
+                value = props[index] = value[0];
+            }
+
+            if (index !== name) {
+                props[name] = value;
+                delete props[index];
+            }
+
+            hooks = jQuery.cssHooks[name];
+            if (hooks && "expand" in hooks) {
+                value = hooks.expand(value);
+                delete props[name];
+
+                // not quite $.extend, this wont overwrite keys already present.
+                // also - reusing 'index' from above because we have the correct "name"
+                for (index in value) {
+                    if (!(index in props)) {
+                        props[index] = value[index];
+                        specialEasing[index] = easing;
+                    }
+                }
+            } else {
+                specialEasing[name] = easing;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    function Animation(elem, properties, options) {
+        var result,
+            stopped,
+            index = 0,
+            length = animationPrefilters.length,
+            deferred = jQuery.Deferred().always(function () {
+                // don't match elem in the :animated selector
+                delete tick.elem;
+            }),
+            tick = function () {
+                if (stopped) {
+                    return false;
+                }
+                var currentTime = fxNow || createFxNow(),
+                    remaining = Math.max(0, animation.startTime + animation.duration - currentTime),
+                    // archaic crash bug won't allow us to use 1 - ( 0.5 || 0 ) (#12497)
+                    temp = remaining / animation.duration || 0,
+                    percent = 1 - temp,
+                    index = 0,
+                    length = animation.tweens.length;
+
+                for (; index < length; index++) {
+                    animation.tweens[index].run(percent);
+                }
+
+                deferred.notifyWith(elem, [animation, percent, remaining]);
+
+                if (percent < 1 && length) {
+                    return remaining;
+                } else {
+                    deferred.resolveWith(elem, [animation]);
+                    return false;
+                }
+            },
+            animation = deferred.promise({
+                elem: elem,
+                props: jQuery.extend({}, properties),
+                opts: jQuery.extend(true, { specialEasing: {} }, options),
+                originalProperties: properties,
+                originalOptions: options,
+                startTime: fxNow || createFxNow(),
+                duration: options.duration,
+                tweens: [],
+                createTween: function (prop, end) {
+                    var tween = jQuery.Tween(elem, animation.opts, prop, end,
+                        animation.opts.specialEasing[prop] || animation.opts.easing);
+                    animation.tweens.push(tween);
+                    return tween;
+                },
+                stop: function (gotoEnd) {
+                    var index = 0,
+                        // if we are going to the end, we want to run all the tweens
+                        // otherwise we skip this part
+                        length = gotoEnd ? animation.tweens.length : 0;
+                    if (stopped) {
+                        return this;
+                    }
+                    stopped = true;
+                    for (; index < length; index++) {
+                        animation.tweens[index].run(1);
+                    }
+
+                    // resolve when we played the last frame
+                    // otherwise, reject
+                    if (gotoEnd) {
+                        deferred.resolveWith(elem, [animation, gotoEnd]);
+                    } else {
+                        deferred.rejectWith(elem, [animation, gotoEnd]);
+                    }
+                    return this;
+                }
+            }),
+            props = animation.props;
+
+        propFilter(props, animation.opts.specialEasing);
+
+        for (; index < length; index++) {
+            result = animationPrefilters[index].call(animation, elem, props, animation.opts);
+            if (result) {
+                return result;
+            }
+        }
+
+        jQuery.map(props, createTween, animation);
+
+        if (jQuery.isFunction(animation.opts.start)) {
+            animation.opts.start.call(elem, animation);
+        }
+
+        jQuery.fx.timer(
+            jQuery.extend(tick, {
+                elem: elem,
+                anim: animation,
+                queue: animation.opts.queue
+            })
+        );
+
+        // attach callbacks from options
+        return animation.progress(animation.opts.progress)
+            .done(animation.opts.done, animation.opts.complete)
+            .fail(animation.opts.fail)
+            .always(animation.opts.always);
+    }
+
+    jQuery.Animation = jQuery.extend(Animation, {
+        tweener: function (props, callback) {
+            if (jQuery.isFunction(props)) {
+                callback = props;
+                props = ["*"];
+            } else {
+                props = props.split(" ");
+            }
+
+            var prop,
+                index = 0,
+                length = props.length;
+
+            for (; index < length; index++) {
+                prop = props[index];
+                tweeners[prop] = tweeners[prop] || [];
+                tweeners[prop].unshift(callback);
+            }
+        },
+
+        prefilter: function (callback, prepend) {
+            if (prepend) {
+                animationPrefilters.unshift(callback);
+            } else {
+                animationPrefilters.push(callback);
+            }
+        }
+    });
+
+    jQuery.speed = function (speed, easing, fn) {
+        var opt = speed && typeof speed === "object" ? jQuery.extend({}, speed) : {
+            complete: fn || !fn && easing ||
+            jQuery.isFunction(speed) && speed,
+            duration: speed,
+            easing: fn && easing || easing && !jQuery.isFunction(easing) && easing
+        };
+
+        opt.duration = jQuery.fx.off ? 0 : typeof opt.duration === "number" ? opt.duration :
+            opt.duration in jQuery.fx.speeds ? jQuery.fx.speeds[opt.duration] : jQuery.fx.speeds._default;
+
+        // normalize opt.queue - true/undefined/null -> "fx"
+        if (opt.queue == null || opt.queue === true) {
+            opt.queue = "fx";
+        }
+
+        // Queueing
+        opt.old = opt.complete;
+
+        opt.complete = function () {
+            if (jQuery.isFunction(opt.old)) {
+                opt.old.call(this);
+            }
+
+            if (opt.queue) {
+                jQuery.dequeue(this, opt.queue);
+            }
+        };
+
+        return opt;
+    };
+
+    jQuery.fn.extend({
+        fadeTo: function (speed, to, easing, callback) {
+
+            // show any hidden elements after setting opacity to 0
+            return this.filter(isHidden).css("opacity", 0).show()
+
+                // animate to the value specified
+                .end().animate({ opacity: to }, speed, easing, callback);
+        },
+        animate: function (prop, speed, easing, callback) {
+            var empty = jQuery.isEmptyObject(prop),
+                optall = jQuery.speed(speed, easing, callback),
+                doAnimation = function () {
+                    // Operate on a copy of prop so per-property easing won't be lost
+                    var anim = Animation(this, jQuery.extend({}, prop), optall);
+
+                    // Empty animations, or finishing resolves immediately
+                    if (empty || jQuery._data(this, "finish")) {
+                        anim.stop(true);
+                    }
+                };
+            doAnimation.finish = doAnimation;
+
+            return empty || optall.queue === false ?
+                this.each(doAnimation) :
+                this.queue(optall.queue, doAnimation);
+        },
+        stop: function (type, clearQueue, gotoEnd) {
+            var stopQueue = function (hooks) {
+                var stop = hooks.stop;
+                delete hooks.stop;
+                stop(gotoEnd);
+            };
+
+            if (typeof type !== "string") {
+                gotoEnd = clearQueue;
+                clearQueue = type;
+                type = undefined;
+            }
+            if (clearQueue && type !== false) {
+                this.queue(type || "fx", []);
+            }
+
+            return this.each(function () {
+                var dequeue = true,
+                    index = type != null && type + "queueHooks",
+                    timers = jQuery.timers,
+                    data = jQuery._data(this);
+
+                if (index) {
+                    if (data[index] && data[index].stop) {
+                        stopQueue(data[index]);
+                    }
+                } else {
+                    for (index in data) {
+                        if (data[index] && data[index].stop && rrun.test(index)) {
+                            stopQueue(data[index]);
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+
+                for (index = timers.length; index--;) {
+                    if (timers[index].elem === this && (type == null || timers[index].queue === type)) {
+                        timers[index].anim.stop(gotoEnd);
+                        dequeue = false;
+                        timers.splice(index, 1);
+                    }
+                }
+
+                // start the next in the queue if the last step wasn't forced
+                // timers currently will call their complete callbacks, which will dequeue
+                // but only if they were gotoEnd
+                if (dequeue || !gotoEnd) {
+                    jQuery.dequeue(this, type);
+                }
+            });
+        },
+        finish: function (type) {
+            if (type !== false) {
+                type = type || "fx";
+            }
+            return this.each(function () {
+                var index,
+                    data = jQuery._data(this),
+                    queue = data[type + "queue"],
+                    hooks = data[type + "queueHooks"],
+                    timers = jQuery.timers,
+                    length = queue ? queue.length : 0;
+
+                // enable finishing flag on private data
+                data.finish = true;
+
+                // empty the queue first
+                jQuery.queue(this, type, []);
+
+                if (hooks && hooks.stop) {
+                    hooks.stop.call(this, true);
+                }
+
+                // look for any active animations, and finish them
+                for (index = timers.length; index--;) {
+                    if (timers[index].elem === this && timers[index].queue === type) {
+                        timers[index].anim.stop(true);
+                        timers.splice(index, 1);
+                    }
+                }
+
+                // look for any animations in the old queue and finish them
+                for (index = 0; index < length; index++) {
+                    if (queue[index] && queue[index].finish) {
+                        queue[index].finish.call(this);
+                    }
+                }
+
+                // turn off finishing flag
+                delete data.finish;
+            });
+        }
+    });
+
+    jQuery.each(["toggle", "show", "hide"], function (i, name) {
+        var cssFn = jQuery.fn[name];
+        jQuery.fn[name] = function (speed, easing, callback) {
+            return speed == null || typeof speed === "boolean" ?
+                cssFn.apply(this, arguments) :
+                this.animate(genFx(name, true), speed, easing, callback);
+        };
+    });
+
+    // Generate shortcuts for custom animations
+    jQuery.each({
+        slideDown: genFx("show"),
+        slideUp: genFx("hide"),
+        slideToggle: genFx("toggle"),
+        fadeIn: { opacity: "show" },
+        fadeOut: { opacity: "hide" },
+        fadeToggle: { opacity: "toggle" }
+    }, function (name, props) {
+        jQuery.fn[name] = function (speed, easing, callback) {
+            return this.animate(props, speed, easing, callback);
+        };
+    });
+
+    jQuery.timers = [];
+    jQuery.fx.tick = function () {
+        var timer,
+            timers = jQuery.timers,
+            i = 0;
+
+        fxNow = jQuery.now();
+
+        for (; i < timers.length; i++) {
+            timer = timers[i];
+            // Checks the timer has not already been removed
+            if (!timer() && timers[i] === timer) {
+                timers.splice(i--, 1);
+            }
+        }
+
+        if (!timers.length) {
+            jQuery.fx.stop();
+        }
+        fxNow = undefined;
+    };
+
+    jQuery.fx.timer = function (timer) {
+        jQuery.timers.push(timer);
+        if (timer()) {
+            jQuery.fx.start();
+        } else {
+            jQuery.timers.pop();
+        }
+    };
+
+    jQuery.fx.interval = 13;
+
+    jQuery.fx.start = function () {
+        if (!timerId) {
+            timerId = setInterval(jQuery.fx.tick, jQuery.fx.interval);
+        }
+    };
+
+    jQuery.fx.stop = function () {
+        clearInterval(timerId);
+        timerId = null;
+    };
+
+    jQuery.fx.speeds = {
+        slow: 600,
+        fast: 200,
+        // Default speed
+        _default: 400
+    };
+
+
+    // Based off of the plugin by Clint Helfers, with permission.
+    // http://blindsignals.com/index.php/2009/07/jquery-delay/
+    jQuery.fn.delay = function (time, type) {
+        time = jQuery.fx ? jQuery.fx.speeds[time] || time : time;
+        type = type || "fx";
+
+        return this.queue(type, function (next, hooks) {
+            var timeout = setTimeout(next, time);
+            hooks.stop = function () {
+                clearTimeout(timeout);
+            };
+        });
+    };
+
+
+    (function () {
+        // Minified: var a,b,c,d,e
+        var input, div, select, a, opt;
+
+        // Setup
+        div = document.createElement("div");
+        div.setAttribute("className", "t");
+        div.innerHTML = "  <link/><table></table><a href='/a'>a</a><input type='checkbox'/>";
+        a = div.getElementsByTagName("a")[0];
+
+        // First batch of tests.
+        select = document.createElement("select");
+        opt = select.appendChild(document.createElement("option"));
+        input = div.getElementsByTagName("input")[0];
+
+        a.style.cssText = "top:1px";
+
+        // Test setAttribute on camelCase class. If it works, we need attrFixes when doing get/setAttribute (ie6/7)
+        support.getSetAttribute = div.className !== "t";
+
+        // Get the style information from getAttribute
+        // (IE uses .cssText instead)
+        support.style = /top/.test(a.getAttribute("style"));
+
+        // Make sure that URLs aren't manipulated
+        // (IE normalizes it by default)
+        support.hrefNormalized = a.getAttribute("href") === "/a";
+
+        // Check the default checkbox/radio value ("" on WebKit; "on" elsewhere)
+        support.checkOn = !!input.value;
+
+        // Make sure that a selected-by-default option has a working selected property.
+        // (WebKit defaults to false instead of true, IE too, if it's in an optgroup)
+        support.optSelected = opt.selected;
+
+        // Tests for enctype support on a form (#6743)
+        support.enctype = !!document.createElement("form").enctype;
+
+        // Make sure that the options inside disabled selects aren't marked as disabled
+        // (WebKit marks them as disabled)
+        select.disabled = true;
+        support.optDisabled = !opt.disabled;
+
+        // Support: IE8 only
+        // Check if we can trust getAttribute("value")
+        input = document.createElement("input");
+        input.setAttribute("value", "");
+        support.input = input.getAttribute("value") === "";
+
+        // Check if an input maintains its value after becoming a radio
+        input.value = "t";
+        input.setAttribute("type", "radio");
+        support.radioValue = input.value === "t";
+    })();
+
+
+    var rreturn = /\r/g;
+
+    jQuery.fn.extend({
+        val: function (value) {
+            var hooks, ret, isFunction,
+                elem = this[0];
+
+            if (!arguments.length) {
+                if (elem) {
+                    hooks = jQuery.valHooks[elem.type] || jQuery.valHooks[elem.nodeName.toLowerCase()];
+
+                    if (hooks && "get" in hooks && (ret = hooks.get(elem, "value")) !== undefined) {
+                        return ret;
+                    }
+
+                    ret = elem.value;
+
+                    return typeof ret === "string" ?
+                        // handle most common string cases
+                        ret.replace(rreturn, "") :
+                        // handle cases where value is null/undef or number
+                        ret == null ? "" : ret;
+                }
+
+                return;
+            }
+
+            isFunction = jQuery.isFunction(value);
+
+            return this.each(function (i) {
+                var val;
+
+                if (this.nodeType !== 1) {
+                    return;
+                }
+
+                if (isFunction) {
+                    val = value.call(this, i, jQuery(this).val());
+                } else {
+                    val = value;
+                }
+
+                // Treat null/undefined as ""; convert numbers to string
+                if (val == null) {
+                    val = "";
+                } else if (typeof val === "number") {
+                    val += "";
+                } else if (jQuery.isArray(val)) {
+                    val = jQuery.map(val, function (value) {
+                        return value == null ? "" : value + "";
+                    });
+                }
+
+                hooks = jQuery.valHooks[this.type] || jQuery.valHooks[this.nodeName.toLowerCase()];
+
+                // If set returns undefined, fall back to normal setting
+                if (!hooks || !("set" in hooks) || hooks.set(this, val, "value") === undefined) {
+                    this.value = val;
+                }
+            });
+        }
+    });
+
+    jQuery.extend({
+        valHooks: {
+            option: {
+                get: function (elem) {
+                    var val = jQuery.find.attr(elem, "value");
+                    return val != null ?
+                        val :
+                        // Support: IE10-11+
+                        // option.text throws exceptions (#14686, #14858)
+                        jQuery.trim(jQuery.text(elem));
+                }
+            },
+            select: {
+                get: function (elem) {
+                    var value, option,
+                        options = elem.options,
+                        index = elem.selectedIndex,
+                        one = elem.type === "select-one" || index < 0,
+                        values = one ? null : [],
+                        max = one ? index + 1 : options.length,
+                        i = index < 0 ?
+                            max :
+                            one ? index : 0;
+
+                    // Loop through all the selected options
+                    for (; i < max; i++) {
+                        option = options[i];
+
+                        // oldIE doesn't update selected after form reset (#2551)
+                        if ((option.selected || i === index) &&
+                            // Don't return options that are disabled or in a disabled optgroup
+                            (support.optDisabled ? !option.disabled : option.getAttribute("disabled") === null) &&
+                            (!option.parentNode.disabled || !jQuery.nodeName(option.parentNode, "optgroup"))) {
+
+                            // Get the specific value for the option
+                            value = jQuery(option).val();
+
+                            // We don't need an array for one selects
+                            if (one) {
+                                return value;
+                            }
+
+                            // Multi-Selects return an array
+                            values.push(value);
+                        }
+                    }
+
+                    return values;
+                },
+
+                set: function (elem, value) {
+                    var optionSet, option,
+                        options = elem.options,
+                        values = jQuery.makeArray(value),
+                        i = options.length;
+
+                    while (i--) {
+                        option = options[i];
+
+                        if (jQuery.inArray(jQuery.valHooks.option.get(option), values) >= 0) {
+
+                            // Support: IE6
+                            // When new option element is added to select box we need to
+                            // force reflow of newly added node in order to workaround delay
+                            // of initialization properties
+                            try {
+                                option.selected = optionSet = true;
+
+                            } catch (_) {
+
+                                // Will be executed only in IE6
+                                option.scrollHeight;
+                            }
+
+                        } else {
+                            option.selected = false;
+                        }
+                    }
+
+                    // Force browsers to behave consistently when non-matching value is set
+                    if (!optionSet) {
+                        elem.selectedIndex = -1;
+                    }
+
+                    return options;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    });
+
+    // Radios and checkboxes getter/setter
+    jQuery.each(["radio", "checkbox"], function () {
+        jQuery.valHooks[this] = {
+            set: function (elem, value) {
+                if (jQuery.isArray(value)) {
+                    return (elem.checked = jQuery.inArray(jQuery(elem).val(), value) >= 0);
+                }
+            }
+        };
+        if (!support.checkOn) {
+            jQuery.valHooks[this].get = function (elem) {
+                // Support: Webkit
+                // "" is returned instead of "on" if a value isn't specified
+                return elem.getAttribute("value") === null ? "on" : elem.value;
+            };
+        }
+    });
+
+
+
+
+    var nodeHook, boolHook,
+        attrHandle = jQuery.expr.attrHandle,
+        ruseDefault = /^(?:checked|selected)$/i,
+        getSetAttribute = support.getSetAttribute,
+        getSetInput = support.input;
+
+    jQuery.fn.extend({
+        attr: function (name, value) {
+            return access(this, jQuery.attr, name, value, arguments.length > 1);
+        },
+
+        removeAttr: function (name) {
+            return this.each(function () {
+                jQuery.removeAttr(this, name);
+            });
+        }
+    });
+
+    jQuery.extend({
+        attr: function (elem, name, value) {
+            var hooks, ret,
+                nType = elem.nodeType;
+
+            // don't get/set attributes on text, comment and attribute nodes
+            if (!elem || nType === 3 || nType === 8 || nType === 2) {
+                return;
+            }
+
+            // Fallback to prop when attributes are not supported
+            if (typeof elem.getAttribute === strundefined) {
+                return jQuery.prop(elem, name, value);
+            }
+
+            // All attributes are lowercase
+            // Grab necessary hook if one is defined
+            if (nType !== 1 || !jQuery.isXMLDoc(elem)) {
+                name = name.toLowerCase();
+                hooks = jQuery.attrHooks[name] ||
+                    (jQuery.expr.match.bool.test(name) ? boolHook : nodeHook);
+            }
+
+            if (value !== undefined) {
+
+                if (value === null) {
+                    jQuery.removeAttr(elem, name);
+
+                } else if (hooks && "set" in hooks && (ret = hooks.set(elem, value, name)) !== undefined) {
+                    return ret;
+
+                } else {
+                    elem.setAttribute(name, value + "");
+                    return value;
+                }
+
+            } else if (hooks && "get" in hooks && (ret = hooks.get(elem, name)) !== null) {
+                return ret;
+
+            } else {
+                ret = jQuery.find.attr(elem, name);
+
+                // Non-existent attributes return null, we normalize to undefined
+                return ret == null ?
+                    undefined :
+                    ret;
+            }
+        },
+
+        removeAttr: function (elem, value) {
+            var name, propName,
+                i = 0,
+                attrNames = value && value.match(rnotwhite);
+
+            if (attrNames && elem.nodeType === 1) {
+                while ((name = attrNames[i++])) {
+                    propName = jQuery.propFix[name] || name;
+
+                    // Boolean attributes get special treatment (#10870)
+                    if (jQuery.expr.match.bool.test(name)) {
+                        // Set corresponding property to false
+                        if (getSetInput && getSetAttribute || !ruseDefault.test(name)) {
+                            elem[propName] = false;
+                            // Support: IE<9
+                            // Also clear defaultChecked/defaultSelected (if appropriate)
+                        } else {
+                            elem[jQuery.camelCase("default-" + name)] =
+                                elem[propName] = false;
+                        }
+
+                        // See #9699 for explanation of this approach (setting first, then removal)
+                    } else {
+                        jQuery.attr(elem, name, "");
+                    }
+
+                    elem.removeAttribute(getSetAttribute ? name : propName);
+                }
+            }
+        },
+
+        attrHooks: {
+            type: {
+                set: function (elem, value) {
+                    if (!support.radioValue && value === "radio" && jQuery.nodeName(elem, "input")) {
+                        // Setting the type on a radio button after the value resets the value in IE6-9
+                        // Reset value to default in case type is set after value during creation
+                        var val = elem.value;
+                        elem.setAttribute("type", value);
+                        if (val) {
+                            elem.value = val;
+                        }
+                        return value;
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    });
+
+    // Hook for boolean attributes
+    boolHook = {
+        set: function (elem, value, name) {
+            if (value === false) {
+                // Remove boolean attributes when set to false
+                jQuery.removeAttr(elem, name);
+            } else if (getSetInput && getSetAttribute || !ruseDefault.test(name)) {
+                // IE<8 needs the *property* name
+                elem.setAttribute(!getSetAttribute && jQuery.propFix[name] || name, name);
+
+                // Use defaultChecked and defaultSelected for oldIE
+            } else {
+                elem[jQuery.camelCase("default-" + name)] = elem[name] = true;
+            }
+
+            return name;
+        }
+    };
+
+    // Retrieve booleans specially
+    jQuery.each(jQuery.expr.match.bool.source.match(/\w+/g), function (i, name) {
+
+        var getter = attrHandle[name] || jQuery.find.attr;
+
+        attrHandle[name] = getSetInput && getSetAttribute || !ruseDefault.test(name) ?
+            function (elem, name, isXML) {
+                var ret, handle;
+                if (!isXML) {
+                    // Avoid an infinite loop by temporarily removing this function from the getter
+                    handle = attrHandle[name];
+                    attrHandle[name] = ret;
+                    ret = getter(elem, name, isXML) != null ?
+                        name.toLowerCase() :
+                        null;
+                    attrHandle[name] = handle;
+                }
+                return ret;
+            } :
+            function (elem, name, isXML) {
+                if (!isXML) {
+                    return elem[jQuery.camelCase("default-" + name)] ?
+                        name.toLowerCase() :
+                        null;
+                }
+            };
+    });
+
+    // fix oldIE attroperties
+    if (!getSetInput || !getSetAttribute) {
+        jQuery.attrHooks.value = {
+            set: function (elem, value, name) {
+                if (jQuery.nodeName(elem, "input")) {
+                    // Does not return so that setAttribute is also used
+                    elem.defaultValue = value;
+                } else {
+                    // Use nodeHook if defined (#1954); otherwise setAttribute is fine
+                    return nodeHook && nodeHook.set(elem, value, name);
+                }
+            }
+        };
+    }
+
+    // IE6/7 do not support getting/setting some attributes with get/setAttribute
+    if (!getSetAttribute) {
+
+        // Use this for any attribute in IE6/7
+        // This fixes almost every IE6/7 issue
+        nodeHook = {
+            set: function (elem, value, name) {
+                // Set the existing or create a new attribute node
+                var ret = elem.getAttributeNode(name);
+                if (!ret) {
+                    elem.setAttributeNode(
+                        (ret = elem.ownerDocument.createAttribute(name))
+                    );
+                }
+
+                ret.value = value += "";
+
+                // Break association with cloned elements by also using setAttribute (#9646)
+                if (name === "value" || value === elem.getAttribute(name)) {
+                    return value;
+                }
+            }
+        };
+
+        // Some attributes are constructed with empty-string values when not defined
+        attrHandle.id = attrHandle.name = attrHandle.coords =
+            function (elem, name, isXML) {
+                var ret;
+                if (!isXML) {
+                    return (ret = elem.getAttributeNode(name)) && ret.value !== "" ?
+                        ret.value :
+                        null;
+                }
+            };
+
+        // Fixing value retrieval on a button requires this module
+        jQuery.valHooks.button = {
+            get: function (elem, name) {
+                var ret = elem.getAttributeNode(name);
+                if (ret && ret.specified) {
+                    return ret.value;
+                }
+            },
+            set: nodeHook.set
+        };
+
+        // Set contenteditable to false on removals(#10429)
+        // Setting to empty string throws an error as an invalid value
+        jQuery.attrHooks.contenteditable = {
+            set: function (elem, value, name) {
+                nodeHook.set(elem, value === "" ? false : value, name);
+            }
+        };
+
+        // Set width and height to auto instead of 0 on empty string( Bug #8150 )
+        // This is for removals
+        jQuery.each(["width", "height"], function (i, name) {
+            jQuery.attrHooks[name] = {
+                set: function (elem, value) {
+                    if (value === "") {
+                        elem.setAttribute(name, "auto");
+                        return value;
+                    }
+                }
+            };
+        });
+    }
+
+    if (!support.style) {
+        jQuery.attrHooks.style = {
+            get: function (elem) {
+                // Return undefined in the case of empty string
+                // Note: IE uppercases css property names, but if we were to .toLowerCase()
+                // .cssText, that would destroy case senstitivity in URL's, like in "background"
+                return elem.style.cssText || undefined;
+            },
+            set: function (elem, value) {
+                return (elem.style.cssText = value + "");
+            }
+        };
+    }
+
+
+
+
+    var rfocusable = /^(?:input|select|textarea|button|object)$/i,
+        rclickable = /^(?:a|area)$/i;
+
+    jQuery.fn.extend({
+        prop: function (name, value) {
+            return access(this, jQuery.prop, name, value, arguments.length > 1);
+        },
+
+        removeProp: function (name) {
+            name = jQuery.propFix[name] || name;
+            return this.each(function () {
+                // try/catch handles cases where IE balks (such as removing a property on window)
+                try {
+                    this[name] = undefined;
+                    delete this[name];
+                } catch (e) { }
+            });
+        }
+    });
+
+    jQuery.extend({
+        propFix: {
+            "for": "htmlFor",
+            "class": "className"
+        },
+
+        prop: function (elem, name, value) {
+            var ret, hooks, notxml,
+                nType = elem.nodeType;
+
+            // don't get/set properties on text, comment and attribute nodes
+            if (!elem || nType === 3 || nType === 8 || nType === 2) {
+                return;
+            }
+
+            notxml = nType !== 1 || !jQuery.isXMLDoc(elem);
+
+            if (notxml) {
+                // Fix name and attach hooks
+                name = jQuery.propFix[name] || name;
+                hooks = jQuery.propHooks[name];
+            }
+
+            if (value !== undefined) {
+                return hooks && "set" in hooks && (ret = hooks.set(elem, value, name)) !== undefined ?
+                    ret :
+                    (elem[name] = value);
+
+            } else {
+                return hooks && "get" in hooks && (ret = hooks.get(elem, name)) !== null ?
+                    ret :
+                    elem[name];
+            }
+        },
+
+        propHooks: {
+            tabIndex: {
+                get: function (elem) {
+                    // elem.tabIndex doesn't always return the correct value when it hasn't been explicitly set
+                    // http://fluidproject.org/blog/2008/01/09/getting-setting-and-removing-tabindex-values-with-javascript/
+                    // Use proper attribute retrieval(#12072)
+                    var tabindex = jQuery.find.attr(elem, "tabindex");
+
+                    return tabindex ?
+                        parseInt(tabindex, 10) :
+                        rfocusable.test(elem.nodeName) || rclickable.test(elem.nodeName) && elem.href ?
+                            0 :
+                            -1;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    });
+
+    // Some attributes require a special call on IE
+    // http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms536429%28VS.85%29.aspx
+    if (!support.hrefNormalized) {
+        // href/src property should get the full normalized URL (#10299/#12915)
+        jQuery.each(["href", "src"], function (i, name) {
+            jQuery.propHooks[name] = {
+                get: function (elem) {
+                    return elem.getAttribute(name, 4);
+                }
+            };
+        });
+    }
+
+    // Support: Safari, IE9+
+    // mis-reports the default selected property of an option
+    // Accessing the parent's selectedIndex property fixes it
+    if (!support.optSelected) {
+        jQuery.propHooks.selected = {
+            get: function (elem) {
+                var parent = elem.parentNode;
+
+                if (parent) {
+                    parent.selectedIndex;
+
+                    // Make sure that it also works with optgroups, see #5701
+                    if (parent.parentNode) {
+                        parent.parentNode.selectedIndex;
+                    }
+                }
+                return null;
+            }
+        };
+    }
+
+    jQuery.each([
+        "tabIndex",
+        "readOnly",
+        "maxLength",
+        "cellSpacing",
+        "cellPadding",
+        "rowSpan",
+        "colSpan",
+        "useMap",
+        "frameBorder",
+        "contentEditable"
+    ], function () {
+        jQuery.propFix[this.toLowerCase()] = this;
+    });
+
+    // IE6/7 call enctype encoding
+    if (!support.enctype) {
+        jQuery.propFix.enctype = "encoding";
+    }
+
+
+
+
+    var rclass = /[\t\r\n\f]/g;
+
+    jQuery.fn.extend({
+        addClass: function (value) {
+            var classes, elem, cur, clazz, j, finalValue,
+                i = 0,
+                len = this.length,
+                proceed = typeof value === "string" && value;
+
+            if (jQuery.isFunction(value)) {
+                return this.each(function (j) {
+                    jQuery(this).addClass(value.call(this, j, this.className));
+                });
+            }
+
+            if (proceed) {
+                // The disjunction here is for better compressibility (see removeClass)
+                classes = (value || "").match(rnotwhite) || [];
+
+                for (; i < len; i++) {
+                    elem = this[i];
+                    cur = elem.nodeType === 1 && (elem.className ?
+                        (" " + elem.className + " ").replace(rclass, " ") :
+                        " "
+                    );
+
+                    if (cur) {
+                        j = 0;
+                        while ((clazz = classes[j++])) {
+                            if (cur.indexOf(" " + clazz + " ") < 0) {
+                                cur += clazz + " ";
+                            }
+                        }
+
+                        // only assign if different to avoid unneeded rendering.
+                        finalValue = jQuery.trim(cur);
+                        if (elem.className !== finalValue) {
+                            elem.className = finalValue;
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+
+            return this;
+        },
+
+        removeClass: function (value) {
+            var classes, elem, cur, clazz, j, finalValue,
+                i = 0,
+                len = this.length,
+                proceed = arguments.length === 0 || typeof value === "string" && value;
+
+            if (jQuery.isFunction(value)) {
+                return this.each(function (j) {
+                    jQuery(this).removeClass(value.call(this, j, this.className));
+                });
+            }
+            if (proceed) {
+                classes = (value || "").match(rnotwhite) || [];
+
+                for (; i < len; i++) {
+                    elem = this[i];
+                    // This expression is here for better compressibility (see addClass)
+                    cur = elem.nodeType === 1 && (elem.className ?
+                        (" " + elem.className + " ").replace(rclass, " ") :
+                        ""
+                    );
+
+                    if (cur) {
+                        j = 0;
+                        while ((clazz = classes[j++])) {
+                            // Remove *all* instances
+                            while (cur.indexOf(" " + clazz + " ") >= 0) {
+                                cur = cur.replace(" " + clazz + " ", " ");
+                            }
+                        }
+
+                        // only assign if different to avoid unneeded rendering.
+                        finalValue = value ? jQuery.trim(cur) : "";
+                        if (elem.className !== finalValue) {
+                            elem.className = finalValue;
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+
+            return this;
+        },
+
+        toggleClass: function (value, stateVal) {
+            var type = typeof value;
+
+            if (typeof stateVal === "boolean" && type === "string") {
+                return stateVal ? this.addClass(value) : this.removeClass(value);
+            }
+
+            if (jQuery.isFunction(value)) {
+                return this.each(function (i) {
+                    jQuery(this).toggleClass(value.call(this, i, this.className, stateVal), stateVal);
+                });
+            }
+
+            return this.each(function () {
+                if (type === "string") {
+                    // toggle individual class names
+                    var className,
+                        i = 0,
+                        self = jQuery(this),
+                        classNames = value.match(rnotwhite) || [];
+
+                    while ((className = classNames[i++])) {
+                        // check each className given, space separated list
+                        if (self.hasClass(className)) {
+                            self.removeClass(className);
+                        } else {
+                            self.addClass(className);
+                        }
+                    }
+
+                    // Toggle whole class name
+                } else if (type === strundefined || type === "boolean") {
+                    if (this.className) {
+                        // store className if set
+                        jQuery._data(this, "__className__", this.className);
+                    }
+
+                    // If the element has a class name or if we're passed "false",
+                    // then remove the whole classname (if there was one, the above saved it).
+                    // Otherwise bring back whatever was previously saved (if anything),
+                    // falling back to the empty string if nothing was stored.
+                    this.className = this.className || value === false ? "" : jQuery._data(this, "__className__") || "";
+                }
+            });
+        },
+
+        hasClass: function (selector) {
+            var className = " " + selector + " ",
+                i = 0,
+                l = this.length;
+            for (; i < l; i++) {
+                if (this[i].nodeType === 1 && (" " + this[i].className + " ").replace(rclass, " ").indexOf(className) >= 0) {
+                    return true;
+                }
+            }
+
+            return false;
+        }
+    });
+
+
+
+
+    // Return jQuery for attributes-only inclusion
+
+
+    jQuery.each(("blur focus focusin focusout load resize scroll unload click dblclick " +
+        "mousedown mouseup mousemove mouseover mouseout mouseenter mouseleave " +
+        "change select submit keydown keypress keyup error contextmenu").split(" "), function (i, name) {
+
+            // Handle event binding
+            jQuery.fn[name] = function (data, fn) {
+                return arguments.length > 0 ?
+                    this.on(name, null, data, fn) :
+                    this.trigger(name);
+            };
+        });
+
+    jQuery.fn.extend({
+        hover: function (fnOver, fnOut) {
+            return this.mouseenter(fnOver).mouseleave(fnOut || fnOver);
+        },
+
+        bind: function (types, data, fn) {
+            return this.on(types, null, data, fn);
+        },
+        unbind: function (types, fn) {
+            return this.off(types, null, fn);
+        },
+
+        delegate: function (selector, types, data, fn) {
+            return this.on(types, selector, data, fn);
+        },
+        undelegate: function (selector, types, fn) {
+            // ( namespace ) or ( selector, types [, fn] )
+            return arguments.length === 1 ? this.off(selector, "**") : this.off(types, selector || "**", fn);
+        }
+    });
+
+
+    var nonce = jQuery.now();
+
+    var rquery = (/\?/);
+
+
+
+    var rvalidtokens = /(,)|(\[|{)|(}|])|"(?:[^"\\\r\n]|\\["\\\/bfnrt]|\\u[\da-fA-F]{4})*"\s*:?|true|false|null|-?(?!0\d)\d+(?:\.\d+|)(?:[eE][+-]?\d+|)/g;
+
+    jQuery.parseJSON = function (data) {
+        // Attempt to parse using the native JSON parser first
+        if (window.JSON && window.JSON.parse) {
+            // Support: Android 2.3
+            // Workaround failure to string-cast null input
+            return window.JSON.parse(data + "");
+        }
+
+        var requireNonComma,
+            depth = null,
+            str = jQuery.trim(data + "");
+
+        // Guard against invalid (and possibly dangerous) input by ensuring that nothing remains
+        // after removing valid tokens
+        return str && !jQuery.trim(str.replace(rvalidtokens, function (token, comma, open, close) {
+
+            // Force termination if we see a misplaced comma
+            if (requireNonComma && comma) {
+                depth = 0;
+            }
+
+            // Perform no more replacements after returning to outermost depth
+            if (depth === 0) {
+                return token;
+            }
+
+            // Commas must not follow "[", "{", or ","
+            requireNonComma = open || comma;
+
+            // Determine new depth
+            // array/object open ("[" or "{"): depth += true - false (increment)
+            // array/object close ("]" or "}"): depth += false - true (decrement)
+            // other cases ("," or primitive): depth += true - true (numeric cast)
+            depth += !close - !open;
+
+            // Remove this token
+            return "";
+        })) ?
+            (Function("return " + str))() :
+            jQuery.error("Invalid JSON: " + data);
+    };
+
+
+    // Cross-browser xml parsing
+    jQuery.parseXML = function (data) {
+        var xml, tmp;
+        if (!data || typeof data !== "string") {
+            return null;
+        }
+        try {
+            if (window.DOMParser) { // Standard
+                tmp = new DOMParser();
+                xml = tmp.parseFromString(data, "text/xml");
+            } else { // IE
+                xml = new ActiveXObject("Microsoft.XMLDOM");
+                xml.async = "false";
+                xml.loadXML(data);
+            }
+        } catch (e) {
+            xml = undefined;
+        }
+        if (!xml || !xml.documentElement || xml.getElementsByTagName("parsererror").length) {
+            jQuery.error("Invalid XML: " + data);
+        }
+        return xml;
+    };
+
+
+    var
+        // Document location
+        ajaxLocParts,
+        ajaxLocation,
+
+        rhash = /#.*$/,
+        rts = /([?&])_=[^&]*/,
+        rheaders = /^(.*?):[ \t]*([^\r\n]*)\r?$/mg, // IE leaves an \r character at EOL
+        // #7653, #8125, #8152: local protocol detection
+        rlocalProtocol = /^(?:about|app|app-storage|.+-extension|file|res|widget):$/,
+        rnoContent = /^(?:GET|HEAD)$/,
+        rprotocol = /^\/\//,
+        rurl = /^([\w.+-]+:)(?:\/\/(?:[^\/?#]*@|)([^\/?#:]*)(?::(\d+)|)|)/,
+
+        /* Prefilters
+         * 1) They are useful to introduce custom dataTypes (see ajax/jsonp.js for an example)
+         * 2) These are called:
+         *    - BEFORE asking for a transport
+         *    - AFTER param serialization (s.data is a string if s.processData is true)
+         * 3) key is the dataType
+         * 4) the catchall symbol "*" can be used
+         * 5) execution will start with transport dataType and THEN continue down to "*" if needed
+         */
+        prefilters = {},
+
+        /* Transports bindings
+         * 1) key is the dataType
+         * 2) the catchall symbol "*" can be used
+         * 3) selection will start with transport dataType and THEN go to "*" if needed
+         */
+        transports = {},
+
+        // Avoid comment-prolog char sequence (#10098); must appease lint and evade compression
+        allTypes = "*/".concat("*");
+
+    // #8138, IE may throw an exception when accessing
+    // a field from window.location if document.domain has been set
+    try {
+        ajaxLocation = location.href;
+    } catch (e) {
+        // Use the href attribute of an A element
+        // since IE will modify it given document.location
+        ajaxLocation = document.createElement("a");
+        ajaxLocation.href = "";
+        ajaxLocation = ajaxLocation.href;
+    }
+
+    // Segment location into parts
+    ajaxLocParts = rurl.exec(ajaxLocation.toLowerCase()) || [];
+
+    // Base "constructor" for jQuery.ajaxPrefilter and jQuery.ajaxTransport
+    function addToPrefiltersOrTransports(structure) {
+
+        // dataTypeExpression is optional and defaults to "*"
+        return function (dataTypeExpression, func) {
+
+            if (typeof dataTypeExpression !== "string") {
+                func = dataTypeExpression;
+                dataTypeExpression = "*";
+            }
+
+            var dataType,
+                i = 0,
+                dataTypes = dataTypeExpression.toLowerCase().match(rnotwhite) || [];
+
+            if (jQuery.isFunction(func)) {
+                // For each dataType in the dataTypeExpression
+                while ((dataType = dataTypes[i++])) {
+                    // Prepend if requested
+                    if (dataType.charAt(0) === "+") {
+                        dataType = dataType.slice(1) || "*";
+                        (structure[dataType] = structure[dataType] || []).unshift(func);
+
+                        // Otherwise append
+                    } else {
+                        (structure[dataType] = structure[dataType] || []).push(func);
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        };
+    }
+
+    // Base inspection function for prefilters and transports
+    function inspectPrefiltersOrTransports(structure, options, originalOptions, jqXHR) {
+
+        var inspected = {},
+            seekingTransport = (structure === transports);
+
+        function inspect(dataType) {
+            var selected;
+            inspected[dataType] = true;
+            jQuery.each(structure[dataType] || [], function (_, prefilterOrFactory) {
+                var dataTypeOrTransport = prefilterOrFactory(options, originalOptions, jqXHR);
+                if (typeof dataTypeOrTransport === "string" && !seekingTransport && !inspected[dataTypeOrTransport]) {
+                    options.dataTypes.unshift(dataTypeOrTransport);
+                    inspect(dataTypeOrTransport);
+                    return false;
+                } else if (seekingTransport) {
+                    return !(selected = dataTypeOrTransport);
+                }
+            });
+            return selected;
+        }
+
+        return inspect(options.dataTypes[0]) || !inspected["*"] && inspect("*");
+    }
+
+    // A special extend for ajax options
+    // that takes "flat" options (not to be deep extended)
+    // Fixes #9887
+    function ajaxExtend(target, src) {
+        var deep, key,
+            flatOptions = jQuery.ajaxSettings.flatOptions || {};
+
+        for (key in src) {
+            if (src[key] !== undefined) {
+                (flatOptions[key] ? target : (deep || (deep = {})))[key] = src[key];
+            }
+        }
+        if (deep) {
+            jQuery.extend(true, target, deep);
+        }
+
+        return target;
+    }
+
+    /* Handles responses to an ajax request:
+     * - finds the right dataType (mediates between content-type and expected dataType)
+     * - returns the corresponding response
+     */
+    function ajaxHandleResponses(s, jqXHR, responses) {
+        var firstDataType, ct, finalDataType, type,
+            contents = s.contents,
+            dataTypes = s.dataTypes;
+
+        // Remove auto dataType and get content-type in the process
+        while (dataTypes[0] === "*") {
+            dataTypes.shift();
+            if (ct === undefined) {
+                ct = s.mimeType || jqXHR.getResponseHeader("Content-Type");
+            }
+        }
+
+        // Check if we're dealing with a known content-type
+        if (ct) {
+            for (type in contents) {
+                if (contents[type] && contents[type].test(ct)) {
+                    dataTypes.unshift(type);
+                    break;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        // Check to see if we have a response for the expected dataType
+        if (dataTypes[0] in responses) {
+            finalDataType = dataTypes[0];
+        } else {
+            // Try convertible dataTypes
+            for (type in responses) {
+                if (!dataTypes[0] || s.converters[type + " " + dataTypes[0]]) {
+                    finalDataType = type;
+                    break;
+                }
+                if (!firstDataType) {
+                    firstDataType = type;
+                }
+            }
+            // Or just use first one
+            finalDataType = finalDataType || firstDataType;
+        }
+
+        // If we found a dataType
+        // We add the dataType to the list if needed
+        // and return the corresponding response
+        if (finalDataType) {
+            if (finalDataType !== dataTypes[0]) {
+                dataTypes.unshift(finalDataType);
+            }
+            return responses[finalDataType];
+        }
+    }
+
+    /* Chain conversions given the request and the original response
+     * Also sets the responseXXX fields on the jqXHR instance
+     */
+    function ajaxConvert(s, response, jqXHR, isSuccess) {
+        var conv2, current, conv, tmp, prev,
+            converters = {},
+            // Work with a copy of dataTypes in case we need to modify it for conversion
+            dataTypes = s.dataTypes.slice();
+
+        // Create converters map with lowercased keys
+        if (dataTypes[1]) {
+            for (conv in s.converters) {
+                converters[conv.toLowerCase()] = s.converters[conv];
+            }
+        }
+
+        current = dataTypes.shift();
+
+        // Convert to each sequential dataType
+        while (current) {
+
+            if (s.responseFields[current]) {
+                jqXHR[s.responseFields[current]] = response;
+            }
+
+            // Apply the dataFilter if provided
+            if (!prev && isSuccess && s.dataFilter) {
+                response = s.dataFilter(response, s.dataType);
+            }
+
+            prev = current;
+            current = dataTypes.shift();
+
+            if (current) {
+
+                // There's only work to do if current dataType is non-auto
+                if (current === "*") {
+
+                    current = prev;
+
+                    // Convert response if prev dataType is non-auto and differs from current
+                } else if (prev !== "*" && prev !== current) {
+
+                    // Seek a direct converter
+                    conv = converters[prev + " " + current] || converters["* " + current];
+
+                    // If none found, seek a pair
+                    if (!conv) {
+                        for (conv2 in converters) {
+
+                            // If conv2 outputs current
+                            tmp = conv2.split(" ");
+                            if (tmp[1] === current) {
+
+                                // If prev can be converted to accepted input
+                                conv = converters[prev + " " + tmp[0]] ||
+                                    converters["* " + tmp[0]];
+                                if (conv) {
+                                    // Condense equivalence converters
+                                    if (conv === true) {
+                                        conv = converters[conv2];
+
+                                        // Otherwise, insert the intermediate dataType
+                                    } else if (converters[conv2] !== true) {
+                                        current = tmp[0];
+                                        dataTypes.unshift(tmp[1]);
+                                    }
+                                    break;
+                                }
+                            }
+                        }
+                    }
+
+                    // Apply converter (if not an equivalence)
+                    if (conv !== true) {
+
+                        // Unless errors are allowed to bubble, catch and return them
+                        if (conv && s["throws"]) {
+                            response = conv(response);
+                        } else {
+                            try {
+                                response = conv(response);
+                            } catch (e) {
+                                return { state: "parsererror", error: conv ? e : "No conversion from " + prev + " to " + current };
+                            }
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        return { state: "success", data: response };
+    }
+
+    jQuery.extend({
+
+        // Counter for holding the number of active queries
+        active: 0,
+
+        // Last-Modified header cache for next request
+        lastModified: {},
+        etag: {},
+
+        ajaxSettings: {
+            url: ajaxLocation,
+            type: "GET",
+            isLocal: rlocalProtocol.test(ajaxLocParts[1]),
+            global: true,
+            processData: true,
+            async: true,
+            contentType: "application/x-www-form-urlencoded; charset=UTF-8",
+            /*
+            timeout: 0,
+            data: null,
+            dataType: null,
+            username: null,
+            password: null,
+            cache: null,
+            throws: false,
+            traditional: false,
+            headers: {},
+            */
+
+            accepts: {
+                "*": allTypes,
+                text: "text/plain",
+                html: "text/html",
+                xml: "application/xml, text/xml",
+                json: "application/json, text/javascript"
+            },
+
+            contents: {
+                xml: /xml/,
+                html: /html/,
+                json: /json/
+            },
+
+            responseFields: {
+                xml: "responseXML",
+                text: "responseText",
+                json: "responseJSON"
+            },
+
+            // Data converters
+            // Keys separate source (or catchall "*") and destination types with a single space
+            converters: {
+
+                // Convert anything to text
+                "* text": String,
+
+                // Text to html (true = no transformation)
+                "text html": true,
+
+                // Evaluate text as a json expression
+                "text json": jQuery.parseJSON,
+
+                // Parse text as xml
+                "text xml": jQuery.parseXML
+            },
+
+            // For options that shouldn't be deep extended:
+            // you can add your own custom options here if
+            // and when you create one that shouldn't be
+            // deep extended (see ajaxExtend)
+            flatOptions: {
+                url: true,
+                context: true
+            }
+        },
+
+        // Creates a full fledged settings object into target
+        // with both ajaxSettings and settings fields.
+        // If target is omitted, writes into ajaxSettings.
+        ajaxSetup: function (target, settings) {
+            return settings ?
+
+                // Building a settings object
+                ajaxExtend(ajaxExtend(target, jQuery.ajaxSettings), settings) :
+
+                // Extending ajaxSettings
+                ajaxExtend(jQuery.ajaxSettings, target);
+        },
+
+        ajaxPrefilter: addToPrefiltersOrTransports(prefilters),
+        ajaxTransport: addToPrefiltersOrTransports(transports),
+
+        // Main method
+        ajax: function (url, options) {
+
+            // If url is an object, simulate pre-1.5 signature
+            if (typeof url === "object") {
+                options = url;
+                url = undefined;
+            }
+
+            // Force options to be an object
+            options = options || {};
+
+            var // Cross-domain detection vars
+                parts,
+                // Loop variable
+                i,
+                // URL without anti-cache param
+                cacheURL,
+                // Response headers as string
+                responseHeadersString,
+                // timeout handle
+                timeoutTimer,
+
+                // To know if global events are to be dispatched
+                fireGlobals,
+
+                transport,
+                // Response headers
+                responseHeaders,
+                // Create the final options object
+                s = jQuery.ajaxSetup({}, options),
+                // Callbacks context
+                callbackContext = s.context || s,
+                // Context for global events is callbackContext if it is a DOM node or jQuery collection
+                globalEventContext = s.context && (callbackContext.nodeType || callbackContext.jquery) ?
+                    jQuery(callbackContext) :
+                    jQuery.event,
+                // Deferreds
+                deferred = jQuery.Deferred(),
+                completeDeferred = jQuery.Callbacks("once memory"),
+                // Status-dependent callbacks
+                statusCode = s.statusCode || {},
+                // Headers (they are sent all at once)
+                requestHeaders = {},
+                requestHeadersNames = {},
+                // The jqXHR state
+                state = 0,
+                // Default abort message
+                strAbort = "canceled",
+                // Fake xhr
+                jqXHR = {
+                    readyState: 0,
+
+                    // Builds headers hashtable if needed
+                    getResponseHeader: function (key) {
+                        var match;
+                        if (state === 2) {
+                            if (!responseHeaders) {
+                                responseHeaders = {};
+                                while ((match = rheaders.exec(responseHeadersString))) {
+                                    responseHeaders[match[1].toLowerCase()] = match[2];
+                                }
+                            }
+                            match = responseHeaders[key.toLowerCase()];
+                        }
+                        return match == null ? null : match;
+                    },
+
+                    // Raw string
+                    getAllResponseHeaders: function () {
+                        return state === 2 ? responseHeadersString : null;
+                    },
+
+                    // Caches the header
+                    setRequestHeader: function (name, value) {
+                        var lname = name.toLowerCase();
+                        if (!state) {
+                            name = requestHeadersNames[lname] = requestHeadersNames[lname] || name;
+                            requestHeaders[name] = value;
+                        }
+                        return this;
+                    },
+
+                    // Overrides response content-type header
+                    overrideMimeType: function (type) {
+                        if (!state) {
+                            s.mimeType = type;
+                        }
+                        return this;
+                    },
+
+                    // Status-dependent callbacks
+                    statusCode: function (map) {
+                        var code;
+                        if (map) {
+                            if (state < 2) {
+                                for (code in map) {
+                                    // Lazy-add the new callback in a way that preserves old ones
+                                    statusCode[code] = [statusCode[code], map[code]];
+                                }
+                            } else {
+                                // Execute the appropriate callbacks
+                                jqXHR.always(map[jqXHR.status]);
+                            }
+                        }
+                        return this;
+                    },
+
+                    // Cancel the request
+                    abort: function (statusText) {
+                        var finalText = statusText || strAbort;
+                        if (transport) {
+                            transport.abort(finalText);
+                        }
+                        done(0, finalText);
+                        return this;
+                    }
+                };
+
+            // Attach deferreds
+            deferred.promise(jqXHR).complete = completeDeferred.add;
+            jqXHR.success = jqXHR.done;
+            jqXHR.error = jqXHR.fail;
+
+            // Remove hash character (#7531: and string promotion)
+            // Add protocol if not provided (#5866: IE7 issue with protocol-less urls)
+            // Handle falsy url in the settings object (#10093: consistency with old signature)
+            // We also use the url parameter if available
+            s.url = ((url || s.url || ajaxLocation) + "").replace(rhash, "").replace(rprotocol, ajaxLocParts[1] + "//");
+
+            // Alias method option to type as per ticket #12004
+            s.type = options.method || options.type || s.method || s.type;
+
+            // Extract dataTypes list
+            s.dataTypes = jQuery.trim(s.dataType || "*").toLowerCase().match(rnotwhite) || [""];
+
+            // A cross-domain request is in order when we have a protocol:host:port mismatch
+            if (s.crossDomain == null) {
+                parts = rurl.exec(s.url.toLowerCase());
+                s.crossDomain = !!(parts &&
+                    (parts[1] !== ajaxLocParts[1] || parts[2] !== ajaxLocParts[2] ||
+                        (parts[3] || (parts[1] === "http:" ? "80" : "443")) !==
+                        (ajaxLocParts[3] || (ajaxLocParts[1] === "http:" ? "80" : "443")))
+                );
+            }
+
+            // Convert data if not already a string
+            if (s.data && s.processData && typeof s.data !== "string") {
+                s.data = jQuery.param(s.data, s.traditional);
+            }
+
+            // Apply prefilters
+            inspectPrefiltersOrTransports(prefilters, s, options, jqXHR);
+
+            // If request was aborted inside a prefilter, stop there
+            if (state === 2) {
+                return jqXHR;
+            }
+
+            // We can fire global events as of now if asked to
+            fireGlobals = s.global;
+
+            // Watch for a new set of requests
+            if (fireGlobals && jQuery.active++ === 0) {
+                jQuery.event.trigger("ajaxStart");
+            }
+
+            // Uppercase the type
+            s.type = s.type.toUpperCase();
+
+            // Determine if request has content
+            s.hasContent = !rnoContent.test(s.type);
+
+            // Save the URL in case we're toying with the If-Modified-Since
+            // and/or If-None-Match header later on
+            cacheURL = s.url;
+
+            // More options handling for requests with no content
+            if (!s.hasContent) {
+
+                // If data is available, append data to url
+                if (s.data) {
+                    cacheURL = (s.url += (rquery.test(cacheURL) ? "&" : "?") + s.data);
+                    // #9682: remove data so that it's not used in an eventual retry
+                    delete s.data;
+                }
+
+                // Add anti-cache in url if needed
+                if (s.cache === false) {
+                    s.url = rts.test(cacheURL) ?
+
+                        // If there is already a '_' parameter, set its value
+                        cacheURL.replace(rts, "$1_=" + nonce++) :
+
+                        // Otherwise add one to the end
+                        cacheURL + (rquery.test(cacheURL) ? "&" : "?") + "_=" + nonce++;
+                }
+            }
+
+            // Set the If-Modified-Since and/or If-None-Match header, if in ifModified mode.
+            if (s.ifModified) {
+                if (jQuery.lastModified[cacheURL]) {
+                    jqXHR.setRequestHeader("If-Modified-Since", jQuery.lastModified[cacheURL]);
+                }
+                if (jQuery.etag[cacheURL]) {
+                    jqXHR.setRequestHeader("If-None-Match", jQuery.etag[cacheURL]);
+                }
+            }
+
+            // Set the correct header, if data is being sent
+            if (s.data && s.hasContent && s.contentType !== false || options.contentType) {
+                jqXHR.setRequestHeader("Content-Type", s.contentType);
+            }
+
+            // Set the Accepts header for the server, depending on the dataType
+            jqXHR.setRequestHeader(
+                "Accept",
+                s.dataTypes[0] && s.accepts[s.dataTypes[0]] ?
+                    s.accepts[s.dataTypes[0]] + (s.dataTypes[0] !== "*" ? ", " + allTypes + "; q=0.01" : "") :
+                    s.accepts["*"]
+            );
+
+            // Check for headers option
+            for (i in s.headers) {
+                jqXHR.setRequestHeader(i, s.headers[i]);
+            }
+
+            // Allow custom headers/mimetypes and early abort
+            if (s.beforeSend && (s.beforeSend.call(callbackContext, jqXHR, s) === false || state === 2)) {
+                // Abort if not done already and return
+                return jqXHR.abort();
+            }
+
+            // aborting is no longer a cancellation
+            strAbort = "abort";
+
+            // Install callbacks on deferreds
+            for (i in { success: 1, error: 1, complete: 1 }) {
+                jqXHR[i](s[i]);
+            }
+
+            // Get transport
+            transport = inspectPrefiltersOrTransports(transports, s, options, jqXHR);
+
+            // If no transport, we auto-abort
+            if (!transport) {
+                done(-1, "No Transport");
+            } else {
+                jqXHR.readyState = 1;
+
+                // Send global event
+                if (fireGlobals) {
+                    globalEventContext.trigger("ajaxSend", [jqXHR, s]);
+                }
+                // Timeout
+                if (s.async && s.timeout > 0) {
+                    timeoutTimer = setTimeout(function () {
+                        jqXHR.abort("timeout");
+                    }, s.timeout);
+                }
+
+                try {
+                    state = 1;
+                    transport.send(requestHeaders, done);
+                } catch (e) {
+                    // Propagate exception as error if not done
+                    if (state < 2) {
+                        done(-1, e);
+                        // Simply rethrow otherwise
+                    } else {
+                        throw e;
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+
+            // Callback for when everything is done
+            function done(status, nativeStatusText, responses, headers) {
+                var isSuccess, success, error, response, modified,
+                    statusText = nativeStatusText;
+
+                // Called once
+                if (state === 2) {
+                    return;
+                }
+
+                // State is "done" now
+                state = 2;
+
+                // Clear timeout if it exists
+                if (timeoutTimer) {
+                    clearTimeout(timeoutTimer);
+                }
+
+                // Dereference transport for early garbage collection
+                // (no matter how long the jqXHR object will be used)
+                transport = undefined;
+
+                // Cache response headers
+                responseHeadersString = headers || "";
+
+                // Set readyState
+                jqXHR.readyState = status > 0 ? 4 : 0;
+
+                // Determine if successful
+                isSuccess = status >= 200 && status < 300 || status === 304;
+
+                // Get response data
+                if (responses) {
+                    response = ajaxHandleResponses(s, jqXHR, responses);
+                }
+
+                // Convert no matter what (that way responseXXX fields are always set)
+                response = ajaxConvert(s, response, jqXHR, isSuccess);
+
+                // If successful, handle type chaining
+                if (isSuccess) {
+
+                    // Set the If-Modified-Since and/or If-None-Match header, if in ifModified mode.
+                    if (s.ifModified) {
+                        modified = jqXHR.getResponseHeader("Last-Modified");
+                        if (modified) {
+                            jQuery.lastModified[cacheURL] = modified;
+                        }
+                        modified = jqXHR.getResponseHeader("etag");
+                        if (modified) {
+                            jQuery.etag[cacheURL] = modified;
+                        }
+                    }
+
+                    // if no content
+                    if (status === 204 || s.type === "HEAD") {
+                        statusText = "nocontent";
+
+                        // if not modified
+                    } else if (status === 304) {
+                        statusText = "notmodified";
+
+                        // If we have data, let's convert it
+                    } else {
+                        statusText = response.state;
+                        success = response.data;
+                        error = response.error;
+                        isSuccess = !error;
+                    }
+                } else {
+                    // We extract error from statusText
+                    // then normalize statusText and status for non-aborts
+                    error = statusText;
+                    if (status || !statusText) {
+                        statusText = "error";
+                        if (status < 0) {
+                            status = 0;
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+
+                // Set data for the fake xhr object
+                jqXHR.status = status;
+                jqXHR.statusText = (nativeStatusText || statusText) + "";
+
+                // Success/Error
+                if (isSuccess) {
+                    deferred.resolveWith(callbackContext, [success, statusText, jqXHR]);
+                } else {
+                    deferred.rejectWith(callbackContext, [jqXHR, statusText, error]);
+                }
+
+                // Status-dependent callbacks
+                jqXHR.statusCode(statusCode);
+                statusCode = undefined;
+
+                if (fireGlobals) {
+                    globalEventContext.trigger(isSuccess ? "ajaxSuccess" : "ajaxError",
+                        [jqXHR, s, isSuccess ? success : error]);
+                }
+
+                // Complete
+                completeDeferred.fireWith(callbackContext, [jqXHR, statusText]);
+
+                if (fireGlobals) {
+                    globalEventContext.trigger("ajaxComplete", [jqXHR, s]);
+                    // Handle the global AJAX counter
+                    if (!(--jQuery.active)) {
+                        jQuery.event.trigger("ajaxStop");
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+
+            return jqXHR;
+        },
+
+        getJSON: function (url, data, callback) {
+            return jQuery.get(url, data, callback, "json");
+        },
+
+        getScript: function (url, callback) {
+            return jQuery.get(url, undefined, callback, "script");
+        }
+    });
+
+    jQuery.each(["get", "post"], function (i, method) {
+        jQuery[method] = function (url, data, callback, type) {
+            // shift arguments if data argument was omitted
+            if (jQuery.isFunction(data)) {
+                type = type || callback;
+                callback = data;
+                data = undefined;
+            }
+
+            return jQuery.ajax({
+                url: url,
+                type: method,
+                dataType: type,
+                data: data,
+                success: callback
+            });
+        };
+    });
+
+    // Attach a bunch of functions for handling common AJAX events
+    jQuery.each(["ajaxStart", "ajaxStop", "ajaxComplete", "ajaxError", "ajaxSuccess", "ajaxSend"], function (i, type) {
+        jQuery.fn[type] = function (fn) {
+            return this.on(type, fn);
+        };
+    });
+
+
+    jQuery._evalUrl = function (url) {
+        return jQuery.ajax({
+            url: url,
+            type: "GET",
+            dataType: "script",
+            async: false,
+            global: false,
+            "throws": true
+        });
+    };
+
+
+    jQuery.fn.extend({
+        wrapAll: function (html) {
+            if (jQuery.isFunction(html)) {
+                return this.each(function (i) {
+                    jQuery(this).wrapAll(html.call(this, i));
+                });
+            }
+
+            if (this[0]) {
+                // The elements to wrap the target around
+                var wrap = jQuery(html, this[0].ownerDocument).eq(0).clone(true);
+
+                if (this[0].parentNode) {
+                    wrap.insertBefore(this[0]);
+                }
+
+                wrap.map(function () {
+                    var elem = this;
+
+                    while (elem.firstChild && elem.firstChild.nodeType === 1) {
+                        elem = elem.firstChild;
+                    }
+
+                    return elem;
+                }).append(this);
+            }
+
+            return this;
+        },
+
+        wrapInner: function (html) {
+            if (jQuery.isFunction(html)) {
+                return this.each(function (i) {
+                    jQuery(this).wrapInner(html.call(this, i));
+                });
+            }
+
+            return this.each(function () {
+                var self = jQuery(this),
+                    contents = self.contents();
+
+                if (contents.length) {
+                    contents.wrapAll(html);
+
+                } else {
+                    self.append(html);
+                }
+            });
+        },
+
+        wrap: function (html) {
+            var isFunction = jQuery.isFunction(html);
+
+            return this.each(function (i) {
+                jQuery(this).wrapAll(isFunction ? html.call(this, i) : html);
+            });
+        },
+
+        unwrap: function () {
+            return this.parent().each(function () {
+                if (!jQuery.nodeName(this, "body")) {
+                    jQuery(this).replaceWith(this.childNodes);
+                }
+            }).end();
+        }
+    });
+
+
+    jQuery.expr.filters.hidden = function (elem) {
+        // Support: Opera <= 12.12
+        // Opera reports offsetWidths and offsetHeights less than zero on some elements
+        return elem.offsetWidth <= 0 && elem.offsetHeight <= 0 ||
+            (!support.reliableHiddenOffsets() &&
+                ((elem.style && elem.style.display) || jQuery.css(elem, "display")) === "none");
+    };
+
+    jQuery.expr.filters.visible = function (elem) {
+        return !jQuery.expr.filters.hidden(elem);
+    };
+
+
+
+
+    var r20 = /%20/g,
+        rbracket = /\[\]$/,
+        rCRLF = /\r?\n/g,
+        rsubmitterTypes = /^(?:submit|button|image|reset|file)$/i,
+        rsubmittable = /^(?:input|select|textarea|keygen)/i;
+
+    function buildParams(prefix, obj, traditional, add) {
+        var name;
+
+        if (jQuery.isArray(obj)) {
+            // Serialize array item.
+            jQuery.each(obj, function (i, v) {
+                if (traditional || rbracket.test(prefix)) {
+                    // Treat each array item as a scalar.
+                    add(prefix, v);
+
+                } else {
+                    // Item is non-scalar (array or object), encode its numeric index.
+                    buildParams(prefix + "[" + (typeof v === "object" ? i : "") + "]", v, traditional, add);
+                }
+            });
+
+        } else if (!traditional && jQuery.type(obj) === "object") {
+            // Serialize object item.
+            for (name in obj) {
+                buildParams(prefix + "[" + name + "]", obj[name], traditional, add);
+            }
+
+        } else {
+            // Serialize scalar item.
+            add(prefix, obj);
+        }
+    }
+
+    // Serialize an array of form elements or a set of
+    // key/values into a query string
+    jQuery.param = function (a, traditional) {
+        var prefix,
+            s = [],
+            add = function (key, value) {
+                // If value is a function, invoke it and return its value
+                value = jQuery.isFunction(value) ? value() : (value == null ? "" : value);
+                s[s.length] = encodeURIComponent(key) + "=" + encodeURIComponent(value);
+            };
+
+        // Set traditional to true for jQuery <= 1.3.2 behavior.
+        if (traditional === undefined) {
+            traditional = jQuery.ajaxSettings && jQuery.ajaxSettings.traditional;
+        }
+
+        // If an array was passed in, assume that it is an array of form elements.
+        if (jQuery.isArray(a) || (a.jquery && !jQuery.isPlainObject(a))) {
+            // Serialize the form elements
+            jQuery.each(a, function () {
+                add(this.name, this.value);
+            });
+
+        } else {
+            // If traditional, encode the "old" way (the way 1.3.2 or older
+            // did it), otherwise encode params recursively.
+            for (prefix in a) {
+                buildParams(prefix, a[prefix], traditional, add);
+            }
+        }
+
+        // Return the resulting serialization
+        return s.join("&").replace(r20, "+");
+    };
+
+    jQuery.fn.extend({
+        serialize: function () {
+            return jQuery.param(this.serializeArray());
+        },
+        serializeArray: function () {
+            return this.map(function () {
+                // Can add propHook for "elements" to filter or add form elements
+                var elements = jQuery.prop(this, "elements");
+                return elements ? jQuery.makeArray(elements) : this;
+            })
+                .filter(function () {
+                    var type = this.type;
+                    // Use .is(":disabled") so that fieldset[disabled] works
+                    return this.name && !jQuery(this).is(":disabled") &&
+                        rsubmittable.test(this.nodeName) && !rsubmitterTypes.test(type) &&
+                        (this.checked || !rcheckableType.test(type));
+                })
+                .map(function (i, elem) {
+                    var val = jQuery(this).val();
+
+                    return val == null ?
+                        null :
+                        jQuery.isArray(val) ?
+                            jQuery.map(val, function (val) {
+                                return { name: elem.name, value: val.replace(rCRLF, "\r\n") };
+                            }) :
+                            { name: elem.name, value: val.replace(rCRLF, "\r\n") };
+                }).get();
+        }
+    });
+
+
+    // Create the request object
+    // (This is still attached to ajaxSettings for backward compatibility)
+    jQuery.ajaxSettings.xhr = window.ActiveXObject !== undefined ?
+        // Support: IE6+
+        function () {
+
+            // XHR cannot access local files, always use ActiveX for that case
+            return !this.isLocal &&
+
+                // Support: IE7-8
+                // oldIE XHR does not support non-RFC2616 methods (#13240)
+                // See http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ie/ms536648(v=vs.85).aspx
+                // and http://www.w3.org/Protocols/rfc2616/rfc2616-sec9.html#sec9
+                // Although this check for six methods instead of eight
+                // since IE also does not support "trace" and "connect"
+                /^(get|post|head|put|delete|options)$/i.test(this.type) &&
+
+                createStandardXHR() || createActiveXHR();
+        } :
+        // For all other browsers, use the standard XMLHttpRequest object
+        createStandardXHR;
+
+    var xhrId = 0,
+        xhrCallbacks = {},
+        xhrSupported = jQuery.ajaxSettings.xhr();
+
+    // Support: IE<10
+    // Open requests must be manually aborted on unload (#5280)
+    if (window.ActiveXObject) {
+        jQuery(window).on("unload", function () {
+            for (var key in xhrCallbacks) {
+                xhrCallbacks[key](undefined, true);
+            }
+        });
+    }
+
+    // Determine support properties
+    support.cors = !!xhrSupported && ("withCredentials" in xhrSupported);
+    xhrSupported = support.ajax = !!xhrSupported;
+
+    // Create transport if the browser can provide an xhr
+    if (xhrSupported) {
+
+        jQuery.ajaxTransport(function (options) {
+            // Cross domain only allowed if supported through XMLHttpRequest
+            if (!options.crossDomain || support.cors) {
+
+                var callback;
+
+                return {
+                    send: function (headers, complete) {
+                        var i,
+                            xhr = options.xhr(),
+                            id = ++xhrId;
+
+                        // Open the socket
+                        xhr.open(options.type, options.url, options.async, options.username, options.password);
+
+                        // Apply custom fields if provided
+                        if (options.xhrFields) {
+                            for (i in options.xhrFields) {
+                                xhr[i] = options.xhrFields[i];
+                            }
+                        }
+
+                        // Override mime type if needed
+                        if (options.mimeType && xhr.overrideMimeType) {
+                            xhr.overrideMimeType(options.mimeType);
+                        }
+
+                        // X-Requested-With header
+                        // For cross-domain requests, seeing as conditions for a preflight are
+                        // akin to a jigsaw puzzle, we simply never set it to be sure.
+                        // (it can always be set on a per-request basis or even using ajaxSetup)
+                        // For same-domain requests, won't change header if already provided.
+                        if (!options.crossDomain && !headers["X-Requested-With"]) {
+                            headers["X-Requested-With"] = "XMLHttpRequest";
+                        }
+
+                        // Set headers
+                        for (i in headers) {
+                            // Support: IE<9
+                            // IE's ActiveXObject throws a 'Type Mismatch' exception when setting
+                            // request header to a null-value.
+                            //
+                            // To keep consistent with other XHR implementations, cast the value
+                            // to string and ignore `undefined`.
+                            if (headers[i] !== undefined) {
+                                xhr.setRequestHeader(i, headers[i] + "");
+                            }
+                        }
+
+                        // Do send the request
+                        // This may raise an exception which is actually
+                        // handled in jQuery.ajax (so no try/catch here)
+                        xhr.send((options.hasContent && options.data) || null);
+
+                        // Listener
+                        callback = function (_, isAbort) {
+                            var status, statusText, responses;
+
+                            // Was never called and is aborted or complete
+                            if (callback && (isAbort || xhr.readyState === 4)) {
+                                // Clean up
+                                delete xhrCallbacks[id];
+                                callback = undefined;
+                                xhr.onreadystatechange = jQuery.noop;
+
+                                // Abort manually if needed
+                                if (isAbort) {
+                                    if (xhr.readyState !== 4) {
+                                        xhr.abort();
+                                    }
+                                } else {
+                                    responses = {};
+                                    status = xhr.status;
+
+                                    // Support: IE<10
+                                    // Accessing binary-data responseText throws an exception
+                                    // (#11426)
+                                    if (typeof xhr.responseText === "string") {
+                                        responses.text = xhr.responseText;
+                                    }
+
+                                    // Firefox throws an exception when accessing
+                                    // statusText for faulty cross-domain requests
+                                    try {
+                                        statusText = xhr.statusText;
+                                    } catch (e) {
+                                        // We normalize with Webkit giving an empty statusText
+                                        statusText = "";
+                                    }
+
+                                    // Filter status for non standard behaviors
+
+                                    // If the request is local and we have data: assume a success
+                                    // (success with no data won't get notified, that's the best we
+                                    // can do given current implementations)
+                                    if (!status && options.isLocal && !options.crossDomain) {
+                                        status = responses.text ? 200 : 404;
+                                        // IE - #1450: sometimes returns 1223 when it should be 204
+                                    } else if (status === 1223) {
+                                        status = 204;
+                                    }
+                                }
+                            }
+
+                            // Call complete if needed
+                            if (responses) {
+                                complete(status, statusText, responses, xhr.getAllResponseHeaders());
+                            }
+                        };
+
+                        if (!options.async) {
+                            // if we're in sync mode we fire the callback
+                            callback();
+                        } else if (xhr.readyState === 4) {
+                            // (IE6 & IE7) if it's in cache and has been
+                            // retrieved directly we need to fire the callback
+                            setTimeout(callback);
+                        } else {
+                            // Add to the list of active xhr callbacks
+                            xhr.onreadystatechange = xhrCallbacks[id] = callback;
+                        }
+                    },
+
+                    abort: function () {
+                        if (callback) {
+                            callback(undefined, true);
+                        }
+                    }
+                };
+            }
+        });
+    }
+
+    // Functions to create xhrs
+    function createStandardXHR() {
+        try {
+            return new window.XMLHttpRequest();
+        } catch (e) { }
+    }
+
+    function createActiveXHR() {
+        try {
+            return new window.ActiveXObject("Microsoft.XMLHTTP");
+        } catch (e) { }
+    }
+
+
+
+
+    // Install script dataType
+    jQuery.ajaxSetup({
+        accepts: {
+            script: "text/javascript, application/javascript, application/ecmascript, application/x-ecmascript"
+        },
+        contents: {
+            script: /(?:java|ecma)script/
+        },
+        converters: {
+            "text script": function (text) {
+                jQuery.globalEval(text);
+                return text;
+            }
+        }
+    });
+
+    // Handle cache's special case and global
+    jQuery.ajaxPrefilter("script", function (s) {
+        if (s.cache === undefined) {
+            s.cache = false;
+        }
+        if (s.crossDomain) {
+            s.type = "GET";
+            s.global = false;
+        }
+    });
+
+    // Bind script tag hack transport
+    jQuery.ajaxTransport("script", function (s) {
+
+        // This transport only deals with cross domain requests
+        if (s.crossDomain) {
+
+            var script,
+                head = document.head || jQuery("head")[0] || document.documentElement;
+
+            return {
+
+                send: function (_, callback) {
+
+                    script = document.createElement("script");
+
+                    script.async = true;
+
+                    if (s.scriptCharset) {
+                        script.charset = s.scriptCharset;
+                    }
+
+                    script.src = s.url;
+
+                    // Attach handlers for all browsers
+                    script.onload = script.onreadystatechange = function (_, isAbort) {
+
+                        if (isAbort || !script.readyState || /loaded|complete/.test(script.readyState)) {
+
+                            // Handle memory leak in IE
+                            script.onload = script.onreadystatechange = null;
+
+                            // Remove the script
+                            if (script.parentNode) {
+                                script.parentNode.removeChild(script);
+                            }
+
+                            // Dereference the script
+                            script = null;
+
+                            // Callback if not abort
+                            if (!isAbort) {
+                                callback(200, "success");
+                            }
+                        }
+                    };
+
+                    // Circumvent IE6 bugs with base elements (#2709 and #4378) by prepending
+                    // Use native DOM manipulation to avoid our domManip AJAX trickery
+                    head.insertBefore(script, head.firstChild);
+                },
+
+                abort: function () {
+                    if (script) {
+                        script.onload(undefined, true);
+                    }
+                }
+            };
+        }
+    });
+
+
+
+
+    var oldCallbacks = [],
+        rjsonp = /(=)\?(?=&|$)|\?\?/;
+
+    // Default jsonp settings
+    jQuery.ajaxSetup({
+        jsonp: "callback",
+        jsonpCallback: function () {
+            var callback = oldCallbacks.pop() || (jQuery.expando + "_" + (nonce++));
+            this[callback] = true;
+            return callback;
+        }
+    });
+
+    // Detect, normalize options and install callbacks for jsonp requests
+    jQuery.ajaxPrefilter("json jsonp", function (s, originalSettings, jqXHR) {
+
+        var callbackName, overwritten, responseContainer,
+            jsonProp = s.jsonp !== false && (rjsonp.test(s.url) ?
+                "url" :
+                typeof s.data === "string" && !(s.contentType || "").indexOf("application/x-www-form-urlencoded") && rjsonp.test(s.data) && "data"
+            );
+
+        // Handle iff the expected data type is "jsonp" or we have a parameter to set
+        if (jsonProp || s.dataTypes[0] === "jsonp") {
+
+            // Get callback name, remembering preexisting value associated with it
+            callbackName = s.jsonpCallback = jQuery.isFunction(s.jsonpCallback) ?
+                s.jsonpCallback() :
+                s.jsonpCallback;
+
+            // Insert callback into url or form data
+            if (jsonProp) {
+                s[jsonProp] = s[jsonProp].replace(rjsonp, "$1" + callbackName);
+            } else if (s.jsonp !== false) {
+                s.url += (rquery.test(s.url) ? "&" : "?") + s.jsonp + "=" + callbackName;
+            }
+
+            // Use data converter to retrieve json after script execution
+            s.converters["script json"] = function () {
+                if (!responseContainer) {
+                    jQuery.error(callbackName + " was not called");
+                }
+                return responseContainer[0];
+            };
+
+            // force json dataType
+            s.dataTypes[0] = "json";
+
+            // Install callback
+            overwritten = window[callbackName];
+            window[callbackName] = function () {
+                responseContainer = arguments;
+            };
+
+            // Clean-up function (fires after converters)
+            jqXHR.always(function () {
+                // Restore preexisting value
+                window[callbackName] = overwritten;
+
+                // Save back as free
+                if (s[callbackName]) {
+                    // make sure that re-using the options doesn't screw things around
+                    s.jsonpCallback = originalSettings.jsonpCallback;
+
+                    // save the callback name for future use
+                    oldCallbacks.push(callbackName);
+                }
+
+                // Call if it was a function and we have a response
+                if (responseContainer && jQuery.isFunction(overwritten)) {
+                    overwritten(responseContainer[0]);
+                }
+
+                responseContainer = overwritten = undefined;
+            });
+
+            // Delegate to script
+            return "script";
+        }
+    });
+
+
+
+
+    // data: string of html
+    // context (optional): If specified, the fragment will be created in this context, defaults to document
+    // keepScripts (optional): If true, will include scripts passed in the html string
+    jQuery.parseHTML = function (data, context, keepScripts) {
+        if (!data || typeof data !== "string") {
+            return null;
+        }
+        if (typeof context === "boolean") {
+            keepScripts = context;
+            context = false;
+        }
+        context = context || document;
+
+        var parsed = rsingleTag.exec(data),
+            scripts = !keepScripts && [];
+
+        // Single tag
+        if (parsed) {
+            return [context.createElement(parsed[1])];
+        }
+
+        parsed = jQuery.buildFragment([data], context, scripts);
+
+        if (scripts && scripts.length) {
+            jQuery(scripts).remove();
+        }
+
+        return jQuery.merge([], parsed.childNodes);
+    };
+
+
+    // Keep a copy of the old load method
+    var _load = jQuery.fn.load;
+
+    /**
+     * Load a url into a page
+     */
+    jQuery.fn.load = function (url, params, callback) {
+        if (typeof url !== "string" && _load) {
+            return _load.apply(this, arguments);
+        }
+
+        var selector, response, type,
+            self = this,
+            off = url.indexOf(" ");
+
+        if (off >= 0) {
+            selector = jQuery.trim(url.slice(off, url.length));
+            url = url.slice(0, off);
+        }
+
+        // If it's a function
+        if (jQuery.isFunction(params)) {
+
+            // We assume that it's the callback
+            callback = params;
+            params = undefined;
+
+            // Otherwise, build a param string
+        } else if (params && typeof params === "object") {
+            type = "POST";
+        }
+
+        // If we have elements to modify, make the request
+        if (self.length > 0) {
+            jQuery.ajax({
+                url: url,
+
+                // if "type" variable is undefined, then "GET" method will be used
+                type: type,
+                dataType: "html",
+                data: params
+            }).done(function (responseText) {
+
+                // Save response for use in complete callback
+                response = arguments;
+
+                self.html(selector ?
+
+                    // If a selector was specified, locate the right elements in a dummy div
+                    // Exclude scripts to avoid IE 'Permission Denied' errors
+                    jQuery("<div>").append(jQuery.parseHTML(responseText)).find(selector) :
+
+                    // Otherwise use the full result
+                    responseText);
+
+            }).complete(callback && function (jqXHR, status) {
+                self.each(callback, response || [jqXHR.responseText, status, jqXHR]);
+            });
+        }
+
+        return this;
+    };
+
+
+
+
+    jQuery.expr.filters.animated = function (elem) {
+        return jQuery.grep(jQuery.timers, function (fn) {
+            return elem === fn.elem;
+        }).length;
+    };
+
+
+
+
+
+    var docElem = window.document.documentElement;
+
+    /**
+     * Gets a window from an element
+     */
+    function getWindow(elem) {
+        return jQuery.isWindow(elem) ?
+            elem :
+            elem.nodeType === 9 ?
+                elem.defaultView || elem.parentWindow :
+                false;
+    }
+
+    jQuery.offset = {
+        setOffset: function (elem, options, i) {
+            var curPosition, curLeft, curCSSTop, curTop, curOffset, curCSSLeft, calculatePosition,
+                position = jQuery.css(elem, "position"),
+                curElem = jQuery(elem),
+                props = {};
+
+            // set position first, in-case top/left are set even on static elem
+            if (position === "static") {
+                elem.style.position = "relative";
+            }
+
+            curOffset = curElem.offset();
+            curCSSTop = jQuery.css(elem, "top");
+            curCSSLeft = jQuery.css(elem, "left");
+            calculatePosition = (position === "absolute" || position === "fixed") &&
+                jQuery.inArray("auto", [curCSSTop, curCSSLeft]) > -1;
+
+            // need to be able to calculate position if either top or left is auto and position is either absolute or fixed
+            if (calculatePosition) {
+                curPosition = curElem.position();
+                curTop = curPosition.top;
+                curLeft = curPosition.left;
+            } else {
+                curTop = parseFloat(curCSSTop) || 0;
+                curLeft = parseFloat(curCSSLeft) || 0;
+            }
+
+            if (jQuery.isFunction(options)) {
+                options = options.call(elem, i, curOffset);
+            }
+
+            if (options.top != null) {
+                props.top = (options.top - curOffset.top) + curTop;
+            }
+            if (options.left != null) {
+                props.left = (options.left - curOffset.left) + curLeft;
+            }
+
+            if ("using" in options) {
+                options.using.call(elem, props);
+            } else {
+                curElem.css(props);
+            }
+        }
+    };
+
+    jQuery.fn.extend({
+        offset: function (options) {
+            if (arguments.length) {
+                return options === undefined ?
+                    this :
+                    this.each(function (i) {
+                        jQuery.offset.setOffset(this, options, i);
+                    });
+            }
+
+            var docElem, win,
+                box = { top: 0, left: 0 },
+                elem = this[0],
+                doc = elem && elem.ownerDocument;
+
+            if (!doc) {
+                return;
+            }
+
+            docElem = doc.documentElement;
+
+            // Make sure it's not a disconnected DOM node
+            if (!jQuery.contains(docElem, elem)) {
+                return box;
+            }
+
+            // If we don't have gBCR, just use 0,0 rather than error
+            // BlackBerry 5, iOS 3 (original iPhone)
+            if (typeof elem.getBoundingClientRect !== strundefined) {
+                box = elem.getBoundingClientRect();
+            }
+            win = getWindow(doc);
+            return {
+                top: box.top + (win.pageYOffset || docElem.scrollTop) - (docElem.clientTop || 0),
+                left: box.left + (win.pageXOffset || docElem.scrollLeft) - (docElem.clientLeft || 0)
+            };
+        },
+
+        position: function () {
+            if (!this[0]) {
+                return;
+            }
+
+            var offsetParent, offset,
+                parentOffset = { top: 0, left: 0 },
+                elem = this[0];
+
+            // fixed elements are offset from window (parentOffset = {top:0, left: 0}, because it is its only offset parent
+            if (jQuery.css(elem, "position") === "fixed") {
+                // we assume that getBoundingClientRect is available when computed position is fixed
+                offset = elem.getBoundingClientRect();
+            } else {
+                // Get *real* offsetParent
+                offsetParent = this.offsetParent();
+
+                // Get correct offsets
+                offset = this.offset();
+                if (!jQuery.nodeName(offsetParent[0], "html")) {
+                    parentOffset = offsetParent.offset();
+                }
+
+                // Add offsetParent borders
+                parentOffset.top += jQuery.css(offsetParent[0], "borderTopWidth", true);
+                parentOffset.left += jQuery.css(offsetParent[0], "borderLeftWidth", true);
+            }
+
+            // Subtract parent offsets and element margins
+            // note: when an element has margin: auto the offsetLeft and marginLeft
+            // are the same in Safari causing offset.left to incorrectly be 0
+            return {
+                top: offset.top - parentOffset.top - jQuery.css(elem, "marginTop", true),
+                left: offset.left - parentOffset.left - jQuery.css(elem, "marginLeft", true)
+            };
+        },
+
+        offsetParent: function () {
+            return this.map(function () {
+                var offsetParent = this.offsetParent || docElem;
+
+                while (offsetParent && (!jQuery.nodeName(offsetParent, "html") && jQuery.css(offsetParent, "position") === "static")) {
+                    offsetParent = offsetParent.offsetParent;
+                }
+                return offsetParent || docElem;
+            });
+        }
+    });
+
+    // Create scrollLeft and scrollTop methods
+    jQuery.each({ scrollLeft: "pageXOffset", scrollTop: "pageYOffset" }, function (method, prop) {
+        var top = /Y/.test(prop);
+
+        jQuery.fn[method] = function (val) {
+            return access(this, function (elem, method, val) {
+                var win = getWindow(elem);
+
+                if (val === undefined) {
+                    return win ? (prop in win) ? win[prop] :
+                        win.document.documentElement[method] :
+                        elem[method];
+                }
+
+                if (win) {
+                    win.scrollTo(
+                        !top ? val : jQuery(win).scrollLeft(),
+                        top ? val : jQuery(win).scrollTop()
+                    );
+
+                } else {
+                    elem[method] = val;
+                }
+            }, method, val, arguments.length, null);
+        };
+    });
+
+    // Add the top/left cssHooks using jQuery.fn.position
+    // Webkit bug: https://bugs.webkit.org/show_bug.cgi?id=29084
+    // getComputedStyle returns percent when specified for top/left/bottom/right
+    // rather than make the css module depend on the offset module, we just check for it here
+    jQuery.each(["top", "left"], function (i, prop) {
+        jQuery.cssHooks[prop] = addGetHookIf(support.pixelPosition,
+            function (elem, computed) {
+                if (computed) {
+                    computed = curCSS(elem, prop);
+                    // if curCSS returns percentage, fallback to offset
+                    return rnumnonpx.test(computed) ?
+                        jQuery(elem).position()[prop] + "px" :
+                        computed;
+                }
+            }
+        );
+    });
+
+
+    // Create innerHeight, innerWidth, height, width, outerHeight and outerWidth methods
+    jQuery.each({ Height: "height", Width: "width" }, function (name, type) {
+        jQuery.each({ padding: "inner" + name, content: type, "": "outer" + name }, function (defaultExtra, funcName) {
+            // margin is only for outerHeight, outerWidth
+            jQuery.fn[funcName] = function (margin, value) {
+                var chainable = arguments.length && (defaultExtra || typeof margin !== "boolean"),
+                    extra = defaultExtra || (margin === true || value === true ? "margin" : "border");
+
+                return access(this, function (elem, type, value) {
+                    var doc;
+
+                    if (jQuery.isWindow(elem)) {
+                        // As of 5/8/2012 this will yield incorrect results for Mobile Safari, but there
+                        // isn't a whole lot we can do. See pull request at this URL for discussion:
+                        // https://github.com/jquery/jquery/pull/764
+                        return elem.document.documentElement["client" + name];
+                    }
+
+                    // Get document width or height
+                    if (elem.nodeType === 9) {
+                        doc = elem.documentElement;
+
+                        // Either scroll[Width/Height] or offset[Width/Height] or client[Width/Height], whichever is greatest
+                        // unfortunately, this causes bug #3838 in IE6/8 only, but there is currently no good, small way to fix it.
+                        return Math.max(
+                            elem.body["scroll" + name], doc["scroll" + name],
+                            elem.body["offset" + name], doc["offset" + name],
+                            doc["client" + name]
+                        );
+                    }
+
+                    return value === undefined ?
+                        // Get width or height on the element, requesting but not forcing parseFloat
+                        jQuery.css(elem, type, extra) :
+
+                        // Set width or height on the element
+                        jQuery.style(elem, type, value, extra);
+                }, type, chainable ? margin : undefined, chainable, null);
+            };
+        });
+    });
+
+
+    // The number of elements contained in the matched element set
+    jQuery.fn.size = function () {
+        return this.length;
+    };
+
+    jQuery.fn.andSelf = jQuery.fn.addBack;
+
+
+
+
+    // Register as a named AMD module, since jQuery can be concatenated with other
+    // files that may use define, but not via a proper concatenation script that
+    // understands anonymous AMD modules. A named AMD is safest and most robust
+    // way to register. Lowercase jquery is used because AMD module names are
+    // derived from file names, and jQuery is normally delivered in a lowercase
+    // file name. Do this after creating the global so that if an AMD module wants
+    // to call noConflict to hide this version of jQuery, it will work.
+
+    // Note that for maximum portability, libraries that are not jQuery should
+    // declare themselves as anonymous modules, and avoid setting a global if an
+    // AMD loader is present. jQuery is a special case. For more information, see
+    // https://github.com/jrburke/requirejs/wiki/Updating-existing-libraries#wiki-anon
+
+    if (typeof define === "function" && define.amd) {
+        define("jquery", [], function () {
+            return jQuery;
+        });
+    }
+
+
+
+
+    var
+        // Map over jQuery in case of overwrite
+        _jQuery = window.jQuery,
+
+        // Map over the $ in case of overwrite
+        _$ = window.$;
+
+    jQuery.noConflict = function (deep) {
+        if (window.$ === jQuery) {
+            window.$ = _$;
+        }
+
+        if (deep && window.jQuery === jQuery) {
+            window.jQuery = _jQuery;
+        }
+
+        return jQuery;
+    };
+
+    // Expose jQuery and $ identifiers, even in
+    // AMD (#7102#comment:10, https://github.com/jquery/jquery/pull/557)
+    // and CommonJS for browser emulators (#13566)
+    if (typeof noGlobal === strundefined) {
+        window.jQuery = window.$ = jQuery;
+    }
+
+
+
+
+    return jQuery;
+
+}));
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/_examples/websocket/third-party-socketio/public/socket.io-1.3.7.js b/_examples/websocket/third-party-socketio/public/socket.io-1.3.7.js
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..e43c4ad0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/_examples/websocket/third-party-socketio/public/socket.io-1.3.7.js
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+!function(e){if("object"==typeof exports&&"undefined"!=typeof module)module.exports=e();else if("function"==typeof define&&define.amd)define([],e);else{var f;"undefined"!=typeof window?f=window:"undefined"!=typeof global?f=global:"undefined"!=typeof self&&(f=self),f.io=e()}}(function(){var define,module,exports;return function e(t,n,r){function s(o,u){if(!n[o]){if(!t[o]){var a=typeof require=="function"&&require;if(!u&&a)return a(o,!0);if(i)return i(o,!0);throw new Error("Cannot find module '"+o+"'")}var f=n[o]={exports:{}};t[o][0].call(f.exports,function(e){var n=t[o][1][e];return s(n?n:e)},f,f.exports,e,t,n,r)}return n[o].exports}var i=typeof require=="function"&&require;for(var o=0;o<r.length;o++)s(r[o]);return s}({1:[function(_dereq_,module,exports){module.exports=_dereq_("./lib/")},{"./lib/":2}],2:[function(_dereq_,module,exports){var url=_dereq_("./url");var parser=_dereq_("socket.io-parser");var Manager=_dereq_("./manager");var debug=_dereq_("debug")("socket.io-client");module.exports=exports=lookup;var cache=exports.managers={};function lookup(uri,opts){if(typeof uri=="object"){opts=uri;uri=undefined}opts=opts||{};var parsed=url(uri);var source=parsed.source;var id=parsed.id;var io;if(opts.forceNew||opts["force new connection"]||false===opts.multiplex){debug("ignoring socket cache for %s",source);io=Manager(source,opts)}else{if(!cache[id]){debug("new io instance for %s",source);cache[id]=Manager(source,opts)}io=cache[id]}return io.socket(parsed.path)}exports.protocol=parser.protocol;exports.connect=lookup;exports.Manager=_dereq_("./manager");exports.Socket=_dereq_("./socket")},{"./manager":3,"./socket":5,"./url":6,debug:10,"socket.io-parser":44}],3:[function(_dereq_,module,exports){var url=_dereq_("./url");var eio=_dereq_("engine.io-client");var Socket=_dereq_("./socket");var Emitter=_dereq_("component-emitter");var parser=_dereq_("socket.io-parser");var on=_dereq_("./on");var bind=_dereq_("component-bind");var object=_dereq_("object-component");var debug=_dereq_("debug")("socket.io-client:manager");var indexOf=_dereq_("indexof");var Backoff=_dereq_("backo2");module.exports=Manager;function Manager(uri,opts){if(!(this instanceof Manager))return new Manager(uri,opts);if(uri&&"object"==typeof uri){opts=uri;uri=undefined}opts=opts||{};opts.path=opts.path||"/socket.io";this.nsps={};this.subs=[];this.opts=opts;this.reconnection(opts.reconnection!==false);this.reconnectionAttempts(opts.reconnectionAttempts||Infinity);this.reconnectionDelay(opts.reconnectionDelay||1e3);this.reconnectionDelayMax(opts.reconnectionDelayMax||5e3);this.randomizationFactor(opts.randomizationFactor||.5);this.backoff=new Backoff({min:this.reconnectionDelay(),max:this.reconnectionDelayMax(),jitter:this.randomizationFactor()});this.timeout(null==opts.timeout?2e4:opts.timeout);this.readyState="closed";this.uri=uri;this.connected=[];this.encoding=false;this.packetBuffer=[];this.encoder=new parser.Encoder;this.decoder=new parser.Decoder;this.autoConnect=opts.autoConnect!==false;if(this.autoConnect)this.open()}Manager.prototype.emitAll=function(){this.emit.apply(this,arguments);for(var nsp in this.nsps){this.nsps[nsp].emit.apply(this.nsps[nsp],arguments)}};Manager.prototype.updateSocketIds=function(){for(var nsp in this.nsps){this.nsps[nsp].id=this.engine.id}};Emitter(Manager.prototype);Manager.prototype.reconnection=function(v){if(!arguments.length)return this._reconnection;this._reconnection=!!v;return this};Manager.prototype.reconnectionAttempts=function(v){if(!arguments.length)return this._reconnectionAttempts;this._reconnectionAttempts=v;return this};Manager.prototype.reconnectionDelay=function(v){if(!arguments.length)return this._reconnectionDelay;this._reconnectionDelay=v;this.backoff&&this.backoff.setMin(v);return this};Manager.prototype.randomizationFactor=function(v){if(!arguments.length)return this._randomizationFactor;this._randomizationFactor=v;this.backoff&&this.backoff.setJitter(v);return this};Manager.prototype.reconnectionDelayMax=function(v){if(!arguments.length)return this._reconnectionDelayMax;this._reconnectionDelayMax=v;this.backoff&&this.backoff.setMax(v);return this};Manager.prototype.timeout=function(v){if(!arguments.length)return this._timeout;this._timeout=v;return this};Manager.prototype.maybeReconnectOnOpen=function(){if(!this.reconnecting&&this._reconnection&&this.backoff.attempts===0){this.reconnect()}};Manager.prototype.open=Manager.prototype.connect=function(fn){debug("readyState %s",this.readyState);if(~this.readyState.indexOf("open"))return this;debug("opening %s",this.uri);this.engine=eio(this.uri,this.opts);var socket=this.engine;var self=this;this.readyState="opening";this.skipReconnect=false;var openSub=on(socket,"open",function(){self.onopen();fn&&fn()});var errorSub=on(socket,"error",function(data){debug("connect_error");self.cleanup();self.readyState="closed";self.emitAll("connect_error",data);if(fn){var err=new Error("Connection error");err.data=data;fn(err)}else{self.maybeReconnectOnOpen()}});if(false!==this._timeout){var timeout=this._timeout;debug("connect attempt will timeout after %d",timeout);var timer=setTimeout(function(){debug("connect attempt timed out after %d",timeout);openSub.destroy();socket.close();socket.emit("error","timeout");self.emitAll("connect_timeout",timeout)},timeout);this.subs.push({destroy:function(){clearTimeout(timer)}})}this.subs.push(openSub);this.subs.push(errorSub);return this};Manager.prototype.onopen=function(){debug("open");this.cleanup();this.readyState="open";this.emit("open");var socket=this.engine;this.subs.push(on(socket,"data",bind(this,"ondata")));this.subs.push(on(this.decoder,"decoded",bind(this,"ondecoded")));this.subs.push(on(socket,"error",bind(this,"onerror")));this.subs.push(on(socket,"close",bind(this,"onclose")))};Manager.prototype.ondata=function(data){this.decoder.add(data)};Manager.prototype.ondecoded=function(packet){this.emit("packet",packet)};Manager.prototype.onerror=function(err){debug("error",err);this.emitAll("error",err)};Manager.prototype.socket=function(nsp){var socket=this.nsps[nsp];if(!socket){socket=new Socket(this,nsp);this.nsps[nsp]=socket;var self=this;socket.on("connect",function(){socket.id=self.engine.id;if(!~indexOf(self.connected,socket)){self.connected.push(socket)}})}return socket};Manager.prototype.destroy=function(socket){var index=indexOf(this.connected,socket);if(~index)this.connected.splice(index,1);if(this.connected.length)return;this.close()};Manager.prototype.packet=function(packet){debug("writing packet %j",packet);var self=this;if(!self.encoding){self.encoding=true;this.encoder.encode(packet,function(encodedPackets){for(var i=0;i<encodedPackets.length;i++){self.engine.write(encodedPackets[i])}self.encoding=false;self.processPacketQueue()})}else{self.packetBuffer.push(packet)}};Manager.prototype.processPacketQueue=function(){if(this.packetBuffer.length>0&&!this.encoding){var pack=this.packetBuffer.shift();this.packet(pack)}};Manager.prototype.cleanup=function(){var sub;while(sub=this.subs.shift())sub.destroy();this.packetBuffer=[];this.encoding=false;this.decoder.destroy()};Manager.prototype.close=Manager.prototype.disconnect=function(){this.skipReconnect=true;this.backoff.reset();this.readyState="closed";this.engine&&this.engine.close()};Manager.prototype.onclose=function(reason){debug("close");this.cleanup();this.backoff.reset();this.readyState="closed";this.emit("close",reason);if(this._reconnection&&!this.skipReconnect){this.reconnect()}};Manager.prototype.reconnect=function(){if(this.reconnecting||this.skipReconnect)return this;var self=this;if(this.backoff.attempts>=this._reconnectionAttempts){debug("reconnect failed");this.backoff.reset();this.emitAll("reconnect_failed");this.reconnecting=false}else{var delay=this.backoff.duration();debug("will wait %dms before reconnect attempt",delay);this.reconnecting=true;var timer=setTimeout(function(){if(self.skipReconnect)return;debug("attempting reconnect");self.emitAll("reconnect_attempt",self.backoff.attempts);self.emitAll("reconnecting",self.backoff.attempts);if(self.skipReconnect)return;self.open(function(err){if(err){debug("reconnect attempt error");self.reconnecting=false;self.reconnect();self.emitAll("reconnect_error",err.data)}else{debug("reconnect success");self.onreconnect()}})},delay);this.subs.push({destroy:function(){clearTimeout(timer)}})}};Manager.prototype.onreconnect=function(){var attempt=this.backoff.attempts;this.reconnecting=false;this.backoff.reset();this.updateSocketIds();this.emitAll("reconnect",attempt)}},{"./on":4,"./socket":5,"./url":6,backo2:7,"component-bind":8,"component-emitter":9,debug:10,"engine.io-client":11,indexof:40,"object-component":41,"socket.io-parser":44}],4:[function(_dereq_,module,exports){module.exports=on;function on(obj,ev,fn){obj.on(ev,fn);return{destroy:function(){obj.removeListener(ev,fn)}}}},{}],5:[function(_dereq_,module,exports){var parser=_dereq_("socket.io-parser");var Emitter=_dereq_("component-emitter");var toArray=_dereq_("to-array");var on=_dereq_("./on");var bind=_dereq_("component-bind");var debug=_dereq_("debug")("socket.io-client:socket");var hasBin=_dereq_("has-binary");module.exports=exports=Socket;var events={connect:1,connect_error:1,connect_timeout:1,disconnect:1,error:1,reconnect:1,reconnect_attempt:1,reconnect_failed:1,reconnect_error:1,reconnecting:1};var emit=Emitter.prototype.emit;function Socket(io,nsp){this.io=io;this.nsp=nsp;this.json=this;this.ids=0;this.acks={};if(this.io.autoConnect)this.open();this.receiveBuffer=[];this.sendBuffer=[];this.connected=false;this.disconnected=true}Emitter(Socket.prototype);Socket.prototype.subEvents=function(){if(this.subs)return;var io=this.io;this.subs=[on(io,"open",bind(this,"onopen")),on(io,"packet",bind(this,"onpacket")),on(io,"close",bind(this,"onclose"))]};Socket.prototype.open=Socket.prototype.connect=function(){if(this.connected)return this;this.subEvents();this.io.open();if("open"==this.io.readyState)this.onopen();return this};Socket.prototype.send=function(){var args=toArray(arguments);args.unshift("message");this.emit.apply(this,args);return this};Socket.prototype.emit=function(ev){if(events.hasOwnProperty(ev)){emit.apply(this,arguments);return this}var args=toArray(arguments);var parserType=parser.EVENT;if(hasBin(args)){parserType=parser.BINARY_EVENT}var packet={type:parserType,data:args};if("function"==typeof args[args.length-1]){debug("emitting packet with ack id %d",this.ids);this.acks[this.ids]=args.pop();packet.id=this.ids++}if(this.connected){this.packet(packet)}else{this.sendBuffer.push(packet)}return this};Socket.prototype.packet=function(packet){packet.nsp=this.nsp;this.io.packet(packet)};Socket.prototype.onopen=function(){debug("transport is open - connecting");if("/"!=this.nsp){this.packet({type:parser.CONNECT})}};Socket.prototype.onclose=function(reason){debug("close (%s)",reason);this.connected=false;this.disconnected=true;delete this.id;this.emit("disconnect",reason)};Socket.prototype.onpacket=function(packet){if(packet.nsp!=this.nsp)return;switch(packet.type){case parser.CONNECT:this.onconnect();break;case parser.EVENT:this.onevent(packet);break;case parser.BINARY_EVENT:this.onevent(packet);break;case parser.ACK:this.onack(packet);break;case parser.BINARY_ACK:this.onack(packet);break;case parser.DISCONNECT:this.ondisconnect();break;case parser.ERROR:this.emit("error",packet.data);break}};Socket.prototype.onevent=function(packet){var args=packet.data||[];debug("emitting event %j",args);if(null!=packet.id){debug("attaching ack callback to event");args.push(this.ack(packet.id))}if(this.connected){emit.apply(this,args)}else{this.receiveBuffer.push(args)}};Socket.prototype.ack=function(id){var self=this;var sent=false;return function(){if(sent)return;sent=true;var args=toArray(arguments);debug("sending ack %j",args);var type=hasBin(args)?parser.BINARY_ACK:parser.ACK;self.packet({type:type,id:id,data:args})}};Socket.prototype.onack=function(packet){debug("calling ack %s with %j",packet.id,packet.data);var fn=this.acks[packet.id];fn.apply(this,packet.data);delete this.acks[packet.id]};Socket.prototype.onconnect=function(){this.connected=true;this.disconnected=false;this.emit("connect");this.emitBuffered()};Socket.prototype.emitBuffered=function(){var i;for(i=0;i<this.receiveBuffer.length;i++){emit.apply(this,this.receiveBuffer[i])}this.receiveBuffer=[];for(i=0;i<this.sendBuffer.length;i++){this.packet(this.sendBuffer[i])}this.sendBuffer=[]};Socket.prototype.ondisconnect=function(){debug("server disconnect (%s)",this.nsp);this.destroy();this.onclose("io server disconnect")};Socket.prototype.destroy=function(){if(this.subs){for(var i=0;i<this.subs.length;i++){this.subs[i].destroy()}this.subs=null}this.io.destroy(this)};Socket.prototype.close=Socket.prototype.disconnect=function(){if(this.connected){debug("performing disconnect (%s)",this.nsp);this.packet({type:parser.DISCONNECT})}this.destroy();if(this.connected){this.onclose("io client disconnect")}return this}},{"./on":4,"component-bind":8,"component-emitter":9,debug:10,"has-binary":36,"socket.io-parser":44,"to-array":48}],6:[function(_dereq_,module,exports){(function(global){var parseuri=_dereq_("parseuri");var debug=_dereq_("debug")("socket.io-client:url");module.exports=url;function url(uri,loc){var obj=uri;var loc=loc||global.location;if(null==uri)uri=loc.protocol+"//"+loc.host;if("string"==typeof uri){if("/"==uri.charAt(0)){if("/"==uri.charAt(1)){uri=loc.protocol+uri}else{uri=loc.hostname+uri}}if(!/^(https?|wss?):\/\//.test(uri)){debug("protocol-less url %s",uri);if("undefined"!=typeof loc){uri=loc.protocol+"//"+uri}else{uri="https://"+uri}}debug("parse %s",uri);obj=parseuri(uri)}if(!obj.port){if(/^(http|ws)$/.test(obj.protocol)){obj.port="80"}else if(/^(http|ws)s$/.test(obj.protocol)){obj.port="443"}}obj.path=obj.path||"/";obj.id=obj.protocol+"://"+obj.host+":"+obj.port;obj.href=obj.protocol+"://"+obj.host+(loc&&loc.port==obj.port?"":":"+obj.port);return obj}}).call(this,typeof self!=="undefined"?self:typeof window!=="undefined"?window:{})},{debug:10,parseuri:42}],7:[function(_dereq_,module,exports){module.exports=Backoff;function Backoff(opts){opts=opts||{};this.ms=opts.min||100;this.max=opts.max||1e4;this.factor=opts.factor||2;this.jitter=opts.jitter>0&&opts.jitter<=1?opts.jitter:0;this.attempts=0}Backoff.prototype.duration=function(){var ms=this.ms*Math.pow(this.factor,this.attempts++);if(this.jitter){var rand=Math.random();var deviation=Math.floor(rand*this.jitter*ms);ms=(Math.floor(rand*10)&1)==0?ms-deviation:ms+deviation}return Math.min(ms,this.max)|0};Backoff.prototype.reset=function(){this.attempts=0};Backoff.prototype.setMin=function(min){this.ms=min};Backoff.prototype.setMax=function(max){this.max=max};Backoff.prototype.setJitter=function(jitter){this.jitter=jitter}},{}],8:[function(_dereq_,module,exports){var slice=[].slice;module.exports=function(obj,fn){if("string"==typeof fn)fn=obj[fn];if("function"!=typeof fn)throw new Error("bind() requires a function");var args=slice.call(arguments,2);return function(){return fn.apply(obj,args.concat(slice.call(arguments)))}}},{}],9:[function(_dereq_,module,exports){module.exports=Emitter;function Emitter(obj){if(obj)return mixin(obj)}function mixin(obj){for(var key in Emitter.prototype){obj[key]=Emitter.prototype[key]}return obj}Emitter.prototype.on=Emitter.prototype.addEventListener=function(event,fn){this._callbacks=this._callbacks||{};(this._callbacks[event]=this._callbacks[event]||[]).push(fn);return this};Emitter.prototype.once=function(event,fn){var self=this;this._callbacks=this._callbacks||{};function on(){self.off(event,on);fn.apply(this,arguments)}on.fn=fn;this.on(event,on);return this};Emitter.prototype.off=Emitter.prototype.removeListener=Emitter.prototype.removeAllListeners=Emitter.prototype.removeEventListener=function(event,fn){this._callbacks=this._callbacks||{};if(0==arguments.length){this._callbacks={};return this}var callbacks=this._callbacks[event];if(!callbacks)return this;if(1==arguments.length){delete this._callbacks[event];return this}var cb;for(var i=0;i<callbacks.length;i++){cb=callbacks[i];if(cb===fn||cb.fn===fn){callbacks.splice(i,1);break}}return this};Emitter.prototype.emit=function(event){this._callbacks=this._callbacks||{};var args=[].slice.call(arguments,1),callbacks=this._callbacks[event];if(callbacks){callbacks=callbacks.slice(0);for(var i=0,len=callbacks.length;i<len;++i){callbacks[i].apply(this,args)}}return this};Emitter.prototype.listeners=function(event){this._callbacks=this._callbacks||{};return this._callbacks[event]||[]};Emitter.prototype.hasListeners=function(event){return!!this.listeners(event).length}},{}],10:[function(_dereq_,module,exports){module.exports=debug;function debug(name){if(!debug.enabled(name))return function(){};return function(fmt){fmt=coerce(fmt);var curr=new Date;var ms=curr-(debug[name]||curr);debug[name]=curr;fmt=name+" "+fmt+" +"+debug.humanize(ms);window.console&&console.log&&Function.prototype.apply.call(console.log,console,arguments)}}debug.names=[];debug.skips=[];debug.enable=function(name){try{localStorage.debug=name}catch(e){}var split=(name||"").split(/[\s,]+/),len=split.length;for(var i=0;i<len;i++){name=split[i].replace("*",".*?");if(name[0]==="-"){debug.skips.push(new RegExp("^"+name.substr(1)+"$"))}else{debug.names.push(new RegExp("^"+name+"$"))}}};debug.disable=function(){debug.enable("")};debug.humanize=function(ms){var sec=1e3,min=60*1e3,hour=60*min;if(ms>=hour)return(ms/hour).toFixed(1)+"h";if(ms>=min)return(ms/min).toFixed(1)+"m";if(ms>=sec)return(ms/sec|0)+"s";return ms+"ms"};debug.enabled=function(name){for(var i=0,len=debug.skips.length;i<len;i++){if(debug.skips[i].test(name)){return false}}for(var i=0,len=debug.names.length;i<len;i++){if(debug.names[i].test(name)){return true}}return false};function coerce(val){if(val instanceof Error)return val.stack||val.message;return val}try{if(window.localStorage)debug.enable(localStorage.debug)}catch(e){}},{}],11:[function(_dereq_,module,exports){module.exports=_dereq_("./lib/")},{"./lib/":12}],12:[function(_dereq_,module,exports){module.exports=_dereq_("./socket");module.exports.parser=_dereq_("engine.io-parser")},{"./socket":13,"engine.io-parser":25}],13:[function(_dereq_,module,exports){(function(global){var transports=_dereq_("./transports");var Emitter=_dereq_("component-emitter");var debug=_dereq_("debug")("engine.io-client:socket");var index=_dereq_("indexof");var parser=_dereq_("engine.io-parser");var parseuri=_dereq_("parseuri");var parsejson=_dereq_("parsejson");var parseqs=_dereq_("parseqs");module.exports=Socket;function noop(){}function Socket(uri,opts){if(!(this instanceof Socket))return new Socket(uri,opts);opts=opts||{};if(uri&&"object"==typeof uri){opts=uri;uri=null}if(uri){uri=parseuri(uri);opts.host=uri.host;opts.secure=uri.protocol=="https"||uri.protocol=="wss";opts.port=uri.port;if(uri.query)opts.query=uri.query}this.secure=null!=opts.secure?opts.secure:global.location&&"https:"==location.protocol;if(opts.host){var pieces=opts.host.split(":");opts.hostname=pieces.shift();if(pieces.length){opts.port=pieces.pop()}else if(!opts.port){opts.port=this.secure?"443":"80"}}this.agent=opts.agent||false;this.hostname=opts.hostname||(global.location?location.hostname:"localhost");this.port=opts.port||(global.location&&location.port?location.port:this.secure?443:80);this.query=opts.query||{};if("string"==typeof this.query)this.query=parseqs.decode(this.query);this.upgrade=false!==opts.upgrade;this.path=(opts.path||"/engine.io").replace(/\/$/,"")+"/";this.forceJSONP=!!opts.forceJSONP;this.jsonp=false!==opts.jsonp;this.forceBase64=!!opts.forceBase64;this.enablesXDR=!!opts.enablesXDR;this.timestampParam=opts.timestampParam||"t";this.timestampRequests=opts.timestampRequests;this.transports=opts.transports||["polling","websocket"];this.readyState="";this.writeBuffer=[];this.callbackBuffer=[];this.policyPort=opts.policyPort||843;this.rememberUpgrade=opts.rememberUpgrade||false;this.binaryType=null;this.onlyBinaryUpgrades=opts.onlyBinaryUpgrades;this.pfx=opts.pfx||null;this.key=opts.key||null;this.passphrase=opts.passphrase||null;this.cert=opts.cert||null;this.ca=opts.ca||null;this.ciphers=opts.ciphers||null;this.rejectUnauthorized=opts.rejectUnauthorized||null;this.open()}Socket.priorWebsocketSuccess=false;Emitter(Socket.prototype);Socket.protocol=parser.protocol;Socket.Socket=Socket;Socket.Transport=_dereq_("./transport");Socket.transports=_dereq_("./transports");Socket.parser=_dereq_("engine.io-parser");Socket.prototype.createTransport=function(name){debug('creating transport "%s"',name);var query=clone(this.query);query.EIO=parser.protocol;query.transport=name;if(this.id)query.sid=this.id;var transport=new transports[name]({agent:this.agent,hostname:this.hostname,port:this.port,secure:this.secure,path:this.path,query:query,forceJSONP:this.forceJSONP,jsonp:this.jsonp,forceBase64:this.forceBase64,enablesXDR:this.enablesXDR,timestampRequests:this.timestampRequests,timestampParam:this.timestampParam,policyPort:this.policyPort,socket:this,pfx:this.pfx,key:this.key,passphrase:this.passphrase,cert:this.cert,ca:this.ca,ciphers:this.ciphers,rejectUnauthorized:this.rejectUnauthorized});return transport};function clone(obj){var o={};for(var i in obj){if(obj.hasOwnProperty(i)){o[i]=obj[i]}}return o}Socket.prototype.open=function(){var transport;if(this.rememberUpgrade&&Socket.priorWebsocketSuccess&&this.transports.indexOf("websocket")!=-1){transport="websocket"}else if(0==this.transports.length){var self=this;setTimeout(function(){self.emit("error","No transports available")},0);return}else{transport=this.transports[0]}this.readyState="opening";var transport;try{transport=this.createTransport(transport)}catch(e){this.transports.shift();this.open();return}transport.open();this.setTransport(transport)};Socket.prototype.setTransport=function(transport){debug("setting transport %s",transport.name);var self=this;if(this.transport){debug("clearing existing transport %s",this.transport.name);this.transport.removeAllListeners()}this.transport=transport;transport.on("drain",function(){self.onDrain()}).on("packet",function(packet){self.onPacket(packet)}).on("error",function(e){self.onError(e)}).on("close",function(){self.onClose("transport close")})};Socket.prototype.probe=function(name){debug('probing transport "%s"',name);var transport=this.createTransport(name,{probe:1}),failed=false,self=this;Socket.priorWebsocketSuccess=false;function onTransportOpen(){if(self.onlyBinaryUpgrades){var upgradeLosesBinary=!this.supportsBinary&&self.transport.supportsBinary;failed=failed||upgradeLosesBinary}if(failed)return;debug('probe transport "%s" opened',name);transport.send([{type:"ping",data:"probe"}]);transport.once("packet",function(msg){if(failed)return;if("pong"==msg.type&&"probe"==msg.data){debug('probe transport "%s" pong',name);self.upgrading=true;self.emit("upgrading",transport);if(!transport)return;Socket.priorWebsocketSuccess="websocket"==transport.name;debug('pausing current transport "%s"',self.transport.name);self.transport.pause(function(){if(failed)return;if("closed"==self.readyState)return;debug("changing transport and sending upgrade packet");cleanup();self.setTransport(transport);transport.send([{type:"upgrade"}]);self.emit("upgrade",transport);transport=null;self.upgrading=false;self.flush()})}else{debug('probe transport "%s" failed',name);var err=new Error("probe error");err.transport=transport.name;self.emit("upgradeError",err)}})}function freezeTransport(){if(failed)return;failed=true;cleanup();transport.close();transport=null}function onerror(err){var error=new Error("probe error: "+err);error.transport=transport.name;freezeTransport();debug('probe transport "%s" failed because of error: %s',name,err);self.emit("upgradeError",error)}function onTransportClose(){onerror("transport closed")}function onclose(){onerror("socket closed")}function onupgrade(to){if(transport&&to.name!=transport.name){debug('"%s" works - aborting "%s"',to.name,transport.name);freezeTransport()}}function cleanup(){transport.removeListener("open",onTransportOpen);transport.removeListener("error",onerror);transport.removeListener("close",onTransportClose);self.removeListener("close",onclose);self.removeListener("upgrading",onupgrade)}transport.once("open",onTransportOpen);transport.once("error",onerror);transport.once("close",onTransportClose);this.once("close",onclose);this.once("upgrading",onupgrade);transport.open()};Socket.prototype.onOpen=function(){debug("socket open");this.readyState="open";Socket.priorWebsocketSuccess="websocket"==this.transport.name;this.emit("open");this.flush();if("open"==this.readyState&&this.upgrade&&this.transport.pause){debug("starting upgrade probes");for(var i=0,l=this.upgrades.length;i<l;i++){this.probe(this.upgrades[i])}}};Socket.prototype.onPacket=function(packet){if("opening"==this.readyState||"open"==this.readyState){debug('socket receive: type "%s", data "%s"',packet.type,packet.data);this.emit("packet",packet);this.emit("heartbeat");switch(packet.type){case"open":this.onHandshake(parsejson(packet.data));break;case"pong":this.setPing();break;case"error":var err=new Error("server error");err.code=packet.data;this.emit("error",err);break;case"message":this.emit("data",packet.data);this.emit("message",packet.data);break}}else{debug('packet received with socket readyState "%s"',this.readyState)}};Socket.prototype.onHandshake=function(data){this.emit("handshake",data);this.id=data.sid;this.transport.query.sid=data.sid;this.upgrades=this.filterUpgrades(data.upgrades);this.pingInterval=data.pingInterval;this.pingTimeout=data.pingTimeout;this.onOpen();if("closed"==this.readyState)return;this.setPing();this.removeListener("heartbeat",this.onHeartbeat);this.on("heartbeat",this.onHeartbeat)};Socket.prototype.onHeartbeat=function(timeout){clearTimeout(this.pingTimeoutTimer);var self=this;self.pingTimeoutTimer=setTimeout(function(){if("closed"==self.readyState)return;self.onClose("ping timeout")},timeout||self.pingInterval+self.pingTimeout)};Socket.prototype.setPing=function(){var self=this;clearTimeout(self.pingIntervalTimer);self.pingIntervalTimer=setTimeout(function(){debug("writing ping packet - expecting pong within %sms",self.pingTimeout);self.ping();self.onHeartbeat(self.pingTimeout)},self.pingInterval)};Socket.prototype.ping=function(){this.sendPacket("ping")};Socket.prototype.onDrain=function(){for(var i=0;i<this.prevBufferLen;i++){if(this.callbackBuffer[i]){this.callbackBuffer[i]()}}this.writeBuffer.splice(0,this.prevBufferLen);this.callbackBuffer.splice(0,this.prevBufferLen);this.prevBufferLen=0;if(this.writeBuffer.length==0){this.emit("drain")}else{this.flush()}};Socket.prototype.flush=function(){if("closed"!=this.readyState&&this.transport.writable&&!this.upgrading&&this.writeBuffer.length){debug("flushing %d packets in socket",this.writeBuffer.length);this.transport.send(this.writeBuffer);this.prevBufferLen=this.writeBuffer.length;this.emit("flush")}};Socket.prototype.write=Socket.prototype.send=function(msg,fn){this.sendPacket("message",msg,fn);return this};Socket.prototype.sendPacket=function(type,data,fn){if("closing"==this.readyState||"closed"==this.readyState){return}var packet={type:type,data:data};this.emit("packetCreate",packet);this.writeBuffer.push(packet);this.callbackBuffer.push(fn);this.flush()};Socket.prototype.close=function(){if("opening"==this.readyState||"open"==this.readyState){this.readyState="closing";var self=this;function close(){self.onClose("forced close");debug("socket closing - telling transport to close");self.transport.close()}function cleanupAndClose(){self.removeListener("upgrade",cleanupAndClose);self.removeListener("upgradeError",cleanupAndClose);close()}function waitForUpgrade(){self.once("upgrade",cleanupAndClose);self.once("upgradeError",cleanupAndClose)}if(this.writeBuffer.length){this.once("drain",function(){if(this.upgrading){waitForUpgrade()}else{close()}})}else if(this.upgrading){waitForUpgrade()}else{close()}}return this};Socket.prototype.onError=function(err){debug("socket error %j",err);Socket.priorWebsocketSuccess=false;this.emit("error",err);this.onClose("transport error",err)};Socket.prototype.onClose=function(reason,desc){if("opening"==this.readyState||"open"==this.readyState||"closing"==this.readyState){debug('socket close with reason: "%s"',reason);var self=this;clearTimeout(this.pingIntervalTimer);clearTimeout(this.pingTimeoutTimer);setTimeout(function(){self.writeBuffer=[];self.callbackBuffer=[];self.prevBufferLen=0},0);this.transport.removeAllListeners("close");this.transport.close();this.transport.removeAllListeners();this.readyState="closed";this.id=null;this.emit("close",reason,desc)}};Socket.prototype.filterUpgrades=function(upgrades){var filteredUpgrades=[];for(var i=0,j=upgrades.length;i<j;i++){if(~index(this.transports,upgrades[i]))filteredUpgrades.push(upgrades[i])}return filteredUpgrades}}).call(this,typeof self!=="undefined"?self:typeof window!=="undefined"?window:{})},{"./transport":14,"./transports":15,"component-emitter":9,debug:22,"engine.io-parser":25,indexof:40,parsejson:32,parseqs:33,parseuri:34}],14:[function(_dereq_,module,exports){var parser=_dereq_("engine.io-parser");var Emitter=_dereq_("component-emitter");module.exports=Transport;function Transport(opts){this.path=opts.path;this.hostname=opts.hostname;this.port=opts.port;this.secure=opts.secure;this.query=opts.query;this.timestampParam=opts.timestampParam;this.timestampRequests=opts.timestampRequests;this.readyState="";this.agent=opts.agent||false;this.socket=opts.socket;this.enablesXDR=opts.enablesXDR;this.pfx=opts.pfx;this.key=opts.key;this.passphrase=opts.passphrase;this.cert=opts.cert;this.ca=opts.ca;this.ciphers=opts.ciphers;this.rejectUnauthorized=opts.rejectUnauthorized}Emitter(Transport.prototype);Transport.timestamps=0;Transport.prototype.onError=function(msg,desc){var err=new Error(msg);err.type="TransportError";err.description=desc;this.emit("error",err);return this};Transport.prototype.open=function(){if("closed"==this.readyState||""==this.readyState){this.readyState="opening";this.doOpen()}return this};Transport.prototype.close=function(){if("opening"==this.readyState||"open"==this.readyState){this.doClose();this.onClose()}return this};Transport.prototype.send=function(packets){if("open"==this.readyState){this.write(packets)}else{throw new Error("Transport not open")}};Transport.prototype.onOpen=function(){this.readyState="open";this.writable=true;this.emit("open")};Transport.prototype.onData=function(data){var packet=parser.decodePacket(data,this.socket.binaryType);this.onPacket(packet)};Transport.prototype.onPacket=function(packet){this.emit("packet",packet)};Transport.prototype.onClose=function(){this.readyState="closed";this.emit("close")}},{"component-emitter":9,"engine.io-parser":25}],15:[function(_dereq_,module,exports){(function(global){var XMLHttpRequest=_dereq_("xmlhttprequest");var XHR=_dereq_("./polling-xhr");var JSONP=_dereq_("./polling-jsonp");var websocket=_dereq_("./websocket");exports.polling=polling;exports.websocket=websocket;function polling(opts){var xhr;var xd=false;var xs=false;var jsonp=false!==opts.jsonp;if(global.location){var isSSL="https:"==location.protocol;var port=location.port;if(!port){port=isSSL?443:80}xd=opts.hostname!=location.hostname||port!=opts.port;xs=opts.secure!=isSSL}opts.xdomain=xd;opts.xscheme=xs;xhr=new XMLHttpRequest(opts);if("open"in xhr&&!opts.forceJSONP){return new XHR(opts)}else{if(!jsonp)throw new Error("JSONP disabled");return new JSONP(opts)}}}).call(this,typeof self!=="undefined"?self:typeof window!=="undefined"?window:{})},{"./polling-jsonp":16,"./polling-xhr":17,"./websocket":19,xmlhttprequest:20}],16:[function(_dereq_,module,exports){(function(global){var Polling=_dereq_("./polling");var inherit=_dereq_("component-inherit");module.exports=JSONPPolling;var rNewline=/\n/g;var rEscapedNewline=/\\n/g;var callbacks;var index=0;function empty(){}function JSONPPolling(opts){Polling.call(this,opts);
+this.query=this.query||{};if(!callbacks){if(!global.___eio)global.___eio=[];callbacks=global.___eio}this.index=callbacks.length;var self=this;callbacks.push(function(msg){self.onData(msg)});this.query.j=this.index;if(global.document&&global.addEventListener){global.addEventListener("beforeunload",function(){if(self.script)self.script.onerror=empty},false)}}inherit(JSONPPolling,Polling);JSONPPolling.prototype.supportsBinary=false;JSONPPolling.prototype.doClose=function(){if(this.script){this.script.parentNode.removeChild(this.script);this.script=null}if(this.form){this.form.parentNode.removeChild(this.form);this.form=null;this.iframe=null}Polling.prototype.doClose.call(this)};JSONPPolling.prototype.doPoll=function(){var self=this;var script=document.createElement("script");if(this.script){this.script.parentNode.removeChild(this.script);this.script=null}script.async=true;script.src=this.uri();script.onerror=function(e){self.onError("jsonp poll error",e)};var insertAt=document.getElementsByTagName("script")[0];insertAt.parentNode.insertBefore(script,insertAt);this.script=script;var isUAgecko="undefined"!=typeof navigator&&/gecko/i.test(navigator.userAgent);if(isUAgecko){setTimeout(function(){var iframe=document.createElement("iframe");document.body.appendChild(iframe);document.body.removeChild(iframe)},100)}};JSONPPolling.prototype.doWrite=function(data,fn){var self=this;if(!this.form){var form=document.createElement("form");var area=document.createElement("textarea");var id=this.iframeId="eio_iframe_"+this.index;var iframe;form.className="socketio";form.style.position="absolute";form.style.top="-1000px";form.style.left="-1000px";form.target=id;form.method="POST";form.setAttribute("accept-charset","utf-8");area.name="d";form.appendChild(area);document.body.appendChild(form);this.form=form;this.area=area}this.form.action=this.uri();function complete(){initIframe();fn()}function initIframe(){if(self.iframe){try{self.form.removeChild(self.iframe)}catch(e){self.onError("jsonp polling iframe removal error",e)}}try{var html='<iframe src="javascript:0" name="'+self.iframeId+'">';iframe=document.createElement(html)}catch(e){iframe=document.createElement("iframe");iframe.name=self.iframeId;iframe.src="javascript:0"}iframe.id=self.iframeId;self.form.appendChild(iframe);self.iframe=iframe}initIframe();data=data.replace(rEscapedNewline,"\\\n");this.area.value=data.replace(rNewline,"\\n");try{this.form.submit()}catch(e){}if(this.iframe.attachEvent){this.iframe.onreadystatechange=function(){if(self.iframe.readyState=="complete"){complete()}}}else{this.iframe.onload=complete}}}).call(this,typeof self!=="undefined"?self:typeof window!=="undefined"?window:{})},{"./polling":18,"component-inherit":21}],17:[function(_dereq_,module,exports){(function(global){var XMLHttpRequest=_dereq_("xmlhttprequest");var Polling=_dereq_("./polling");var Emitter=_dereq_("component-emitter");var inherit=_dereq_("component-inherit");var debug=_dereq_("debug")("engine.io-client:polling-xhr");module.exports=XHR;module.exports.Request=Request;function empty(){}function XHR(opts){Polling.call(this,opts);if(global.location){var isSSL="https:"==location.protocol;var port=location.port;if(!port){port=isSSL?443:80}this.xd=opts.hostname!=global.location.hostname||port!=opts.port;this.xs=opts.secure!=isSSL}}inherit(XHR,Polling);XHR.prototype.supportsBinary=true;XHR.prototype.request=function(opts){opts=opts||{};opts.uri=this.uri();opts.xd=this.xd;opts.xs=this.xs;opts.agent=this.agent||false;opts.supportsBinary=this.supportsBinary;opts.enablesXDR=this.enablesXDR;opts.pfx=this.pfx;opts.key=this.key;opts.passphrase=this.passphrase;opts.cert=this.cert;opts.ca=this.ca;opts.ciphers=this.ciphers;opts.rejectUnauthorized=this.rejectUnauthorized;return new Request(opts)};XHR.prototype.doWrite=function(data,fn){var isBinary=typeof data!=="string"&&data!==undefined;var req=this.request({method:"POST",data:data,isBinary:isBinary});var self=this;req.on("success",fn);req.on("error",function(err){self.onError("xhr post error",err)});this.sendXhr=req};XHR.prototype.doPoll=function(){debug("xhr poll");var req=this.request();var self=this;req.on("data",function(data){self.onData(data)});req.on("error",function(err){self.onError("xhr poll error",err)});this.pollXhr=req};function Request(opts){this.method=opts.method||"GET";this.uri=opts.uri;this.xd=!!opts.xd;this.xs=!!opts.xs;this.async=false!==opts.async;this.data=undefined!=opts.data?opts.data:null;this.agent=opts.agent;this.isBinary=opts.isBinary;this.supportsBinary=opts.supportsBinary;this.enablesXDR=opts.enablesXDR;this.pfx=opts.pfx;this.key=opts.key;this.passphrase=opts.passphrase;this.cert=opts.cert;this.ca=opts.ca;this.ciphers=opts.ciphers;this.rejectUnauthorized=opts.rejectUnauthorized;this.create()}Emitter(Request.prototype);Request.prototype.create=function(){var opts={agent:this.agent,xdomain:this.xd,xscheme:this.xs,enablesXDR:this.enablesXDR};opts.pfx=this.pfx;opts.key=this.key;opts.passphrase=this.passphrase;opts.cert=this.cert;opts.ca=this.ca;opts.ciphers=this.ciphers;opts.rejectUnauthorized=this.rejectUnauthorized;var xhr=this.xhr=new XMLHttpRequest(opts);var self=this;try{debug("xhr open %s: %s",this.method,this.uri);xhr.open(this.method,this.uri,this.async);if(this.supportsBinary){xhr.responseType="arraybuffer"}if("POST"==this.method){try{if(this.isBinary){xhr.setRequestHeader("Content-type","application/octet-stream")}else{xhr.setRequestHeader("Content-type","text/plain;charset=UTF-8")}}catch(e){}}if("withCredentials"in xhr){xhr.withCredentials=true}if(this.hasXDR()){xhr.onload=function(){self.onLoad()};xhr.onerror=function(){self.onError(xhr.responseText)}}else{xhr.onreadystatechange=function(){if(4!=xhr.readyState)return;if(200==xhr.status||1223==xhr.status){self.onLoad()}else{setTimeout(function(){self.onError(xhr.status)},0)}}}debug("xhr data %s",this.data);xhr.send(this.data)}catch(e){setTimeout(function(){self.onError(e)},0);return}if(global.document){this.index=Request.requestsCount++;Request.requests[this.index]=this}};Request.prototype.onSuccess=function(){this.emit("success");this.cleanup()};Request.prototype.onData=function(data){this.emit("data",data);this.onSuccess()};Request.prototype.onError=function(err){this.emit("error",err);this.cleanup(true)};Request.prototype.cleanup=function(fromError){if("undefined"==typeof this.xhr||null===this.xhr){return}if(this.hasXDR()){this.xhr.onload=this.xhr.onerror=empty}else{this.xhr.onreadystatechange=empty}if(fromError){try{this.xhr.abort()}catch(e){}}if(global.document){delete Request.requests[this.index]}this.xhr=null};Request.prototype.onLoad=function(){var data;try{var contentType;try{contentType=this.xhr.getResponseHeader("Content-Type").split(";")[0]}catch(e){}if(contentType==="application/octet-stream"){data=this.xhr.response}else{if(!this.supportsBinary){data=this.xhr.responseText}else{data="ok"}}}catch(e){this.onError(e)}if(null!=data){this.onData(data)}};Request.prototype.hasXDR=function(){return"undefined"!==typeof global.XDomainRequest&&!this.xs&&this.enablesXDR};Request.prototype.abort=function(){this.cleanup()};if(global.document){Request.requestsCount=0;Request.requests={};if(global.attachEvent){global.attachEvent("onunload",unloadHandler)}else if(global.addEventListener){global.addEventListener("beforeunload",unloadHandler,false)}}function unloadHandler(){for(var i in Request.requests){if(Request.requests.hasOwnProperty(i)){Request.requests[i].abort()}}}}).call(this,typeof self!=="undefined"?self:typeof window!=="undefined"?window:{})},{"./polling":18,"component-emitter":9,"component-inherit":21,debug:22,xmlhttprequest:20}],18:[function(_dereq_,module,exports){var Transport=_dereq_("../transport");var parseqs=_dereq_("parseqs");var parser=_dereq_("engine.io-parser");var inherit=_dereq_("component-inherit");var debug=_dereq_("debug")("engine.io-client:polling");module.exports=Polling;var hasXHR2=function(){var XMLHttpRequest=_dereq_("xmlhttprequest");var xhr=new XMLHttpRequest({xdomain:false});return null!=xhr.responseType}();function Polling(opts){var forceBase64=opts&&opts.forceBase64;if(!hasXHR2||forceBase64){this.supportsBinary=false}Transport.call(this,opts)}inherit(Polling,Transport);Polling.prototype.name="polling";Polling.prototype.doOpen=function(){this.poll()};Polling.prototype.pause=function(onPause){var pending=0;var self=this;this.readyState="pausing";function pause(){debug("paused");self.readyState="paused";onPause()}if(this.polling||!this.writable){var total=0;if(this.polling){debug("we are currently polling - waiting to pause");total++;this.once("pollComplete",function(){debug("pre-pause polling complete");--total||pause()})}if(!this.writable){debug("we are currently writing - waiting to pause");total++;this.once("drain",function(){debug("pre-pause writing complete");--total||pause()})}}else{pause()}};Polling.prototype.poll=function(){debug("polling");this.polling=true;this.doPoll();this.emit("poll")};Polling.prototype.onData=function(data){var self=this;debug("polling got data %s",data);var callback=function(packet,index,total){if("opening"==self.readyState){self.onOpen()}if("close"==packet.type){self.onClose();return false}self.onPacket(packet)};parser.decodePayload(data,this.socket.binaryType,callback);if("closed"!=this.readyState){this.polling=false;this.emit("pollComplete");if("open"==this.readyState){this.poll()}else{debug('ignoring poll - transport state "%s"',this.readyState)}}};Polling.prototype.doClose=function(){var self=this;function close(){debug("writing close packet");self.write([{type:"close"}])}if("open"==this.readyState){debug("transport open - closing");close()}else{debug("transport not open - deferring close");this.once("open",close)}};Polling.prototype.write=function(packets){var self=this;this.writable=false;var callbackfn=function(){self.writable=true;self.emit("drain")};var self=this;parser.encodePayload(packets,this.supportsBinary,function(data){self.doWrite(data,callbackfn)})};Polling.prototype.uri=function(){var query=this.query||{};var schema=this.secure?"https":"http";var port="";if(false!==this.timestampRequests){query[this.timestampParam]=+new Date+"-"+Transport.timestamps++}if(!this.supportsBinary&&!query.sid){query.b64=1}query=parseqs.encode(query);if(this.port&&("https"==schema&&this.port!=443||"http"==schema&&this.port!=80)){port=":"+this.port}if(query.length){query="?"+query}return schema+"://"+this.hostname+port+this.path+query}},{"../transport":14,"component-inherit":21,debug:22,"engine.io-parser":25,parseqs:33,xmlhttprequest:20}],19:[function(_dereq_,module,exports){var Transport=_dereq_("../transport");var parser=_dereq_("engine.io-parser");var parseqs=_dereq_("parseqs");var inherit=_dereq_("component-inherit");var debug=_dereq_("debug")("engine.io-client:websocket");var WebSocket=_dereq_("ws");module.exports=WS;function WS(opts){var forceBase64=opts&&opts.forceBase64;if(forceBase64){this.supportsBinary=false}Transport.call(this,opts)}inherit(WS,Transport);WS.prototype.name="websocket";WS.prototype.supportsBinary=true;WS.prototype.doOpen=function(){if(!this.check()){return}var self=this;var uri=this.uri();var protocols=void 0;var opts={agent:this.agent};opts.pfx=this.pfx;opts.key=this.key;opts.passphrase=this.passphrase;opts.cert=this.cert;opts.ca=this.ca;opts.ciphers=this.ciphers;opts.rejectUnauthorized=this.rejectUnauthorized;this.ws=new WebSocket(uri,protocols,opts);if(this.ws.binaryType===undefined){this.supportsBinary=false}this.ws.binaryType="arraybuffer";this.addEventListeners()};WS.prototype.addEventListeners=function(){var self=this;this.ws.onopen=function(){self.onOpen()};this.ws.onclose=function(){self.onClose()};this.ws.onmessage=function(ev){self.onData(ev.data)};this.ws.onerror=function(e){self.onError("websocket error",e)}};if("undefined"!=typeof navigator&&/iPad|iPhone|iPod/i.test(navigator.userAgent)){WS.prototype.onData=function(data){var self=this;setTimeout(function(){Transport.prototype.onData.call(self,data)},0)}}WS.prototype.write=function(packets){var self=this;this.writable=false;for(var i=0,l=packets.length;i<l;i++){parser.encodePacket(packets[i],this.supportsBinary,function(data){try{self.ws.send(data)}catch(e){debug("websocket closed before onclose event")}})}function ondrain(){self.writable=true;self.emit("drain")}setTimeout(ondrain,0)};WS.prototype.onClose=function(){Transport.prototype.onClose.call(this)};WS.prototype.doClose=function(){if(typeof this.ws!=="undefined"){this.ws.close()}};WS.prototype.uri=function(){var query=this.query||{};var schema=this.secure?"wss":"ws";var port="";if(this.port&&("wss"==schema&&this.port!=443||"ws"==schema&&this.port!=80)){port=":"+this.port}if(this.timestampRequests){query[this.timestampParam]=+new Date}if(!this.supportsBinary){query.b64=1}query=parseqs.encode(query);if(query.length){query="?"+query}return schema+"://"+this.hostname+port+this.path+query};WS.prototype.check=function(){return!!WebSocket&&!("__initialize"in WebSocket&&this.name===WS.prototype.name)}},{"../transport":14,"component-inherit":21,debug:22,"engine.io-parser":25,parseqs:33,ws:35}],20:[function(_dereq_,module,exports){var hasCORS=_dereq_("has-cors");module.exports=function(opts){var xdomain=opts.xdomain;var xscheme=opts.xscheme;var enablesXDR=opts.enablesXDR;try{if("undefined"!=typeof XMLHttpRequest&&(!xdomain||hasCORS)){return new XMLHttpRequest}}catch(e){}try{if("undefined"!=typeof XDomainRequest&&!xscheme&&enablesXDR){return new XDomainRequest}}catch(e){}if(!xdomain){try{return new ActiveXObject("Microsoft.XMLHTTP")}catch(e){}}}},{"has-cors":38}],21:[function(_dereq_,module,exports){module.exports=function(a,b){var fn=function(){};fn.prototype=b.prototype;a.prototype=new fn;a.prototype.constructor=a}},{}],22:[function(_dereq_,module,exports){exports=module.exports=_dereq_("./debug");exports.log=log;exports.formatArgs=formatArgs;exports.save=save;exports.load=load;exports.useColors=useColors;exports.colors=["lightseagreen","forestgreen","goldenrod","dodgerblue","darkorchid","crimson"];function useColors(){return"WebkitAppearance"in document.documentElement.style||window.console&&(console.firebug||console.exception&&console.table)||navigator.userAgent.toLowerCase().match(/firefox\/(\d+)/)&&parseInt(RegExp.$1,10)>=31}exports.formatters.j=function(v){return JSON.stringify(v)};function formatArgs(){var args=arguments;var useColors=this.useColors;args[0]=(useColors?"%c":"")+this.namespace+(useColors?" %c":" ")+args[0]+(useColors?"%c ":" ")+"+"+exports.humanize(this.diff);if(!useColors)return args;var c="color: "+this.color;args=[args[0],c,"color: inherit"].concat(Array.prototype.slice.call(args,1));var index=0;var lastC=0;args[0].replace(/%[a-z%]/g,function(match){if("%%"===match)return;index++;if("%c"===match){lastC=index}});args.splice(lastC,0,c);return args}function log(){return"object"==typeof console&&"function"==typeof console.log&&Function.prototype.apply.call(console.log,console,arguments)}function save(namespaces){try{if(null==namespaces){localStorage.removeItem("debug")}else{localStorage.debug=namespaces}}catch(e){}}function load(){var r;try{r=localStorage.debug}catch(e){}return r}exports.enable(load())},{"./debug":23}],23:[function(_dereq_,module,exports){exports=module.exports=debug;exports.coerce=coerce;exports.disable=disable;exports.enable=enable;exports.enabled=enabled;exports.humanize=_dereq_("ms");exports.names=[];exports.skips=[];exports.formatters={};var prevColor=0;var prevTime;function selectColor(){return exports.colors[prevColor++%exports.colors.length]}function debug(namespace){function disabled(){}disabled.enabled=false;function enabled(){var self=enabled;var curr=+new Date;var ms=curr-(prevTime||curr);self.diff=ms;self.prev=prevTime;self.curr=curr;prevTime=curr;if(null==self.useColors)self.useColors=exports.useColors();if(null==self.color&&self.useColors)self.color=selectColor();var args=Array.prototype.slice.call(arguments);args[0]=exports.coerce(args[0]);if("string"!==typeof args[0]){args=["%o"].concat(args)}var index=0;args[0]=args[0].replace(/%([a-z%])/g,function(match,format){if(match==="%%")return match;index++;var formatter=exports.formatters[format];if("function"===typeof formatter){var val=args[index];match=formatter.call(self,val);args.splice(index,1);index--}return match});if("function"===typeof exports.formatArgs){args=exports.formatArgs.apply(self,args)}var logFn=enabled.log||exports.log||console.log.bind(console);logFn.apply(self,args)}enabled.enabled=true;var fn=exports.enabled(namespace)?enabled:disabled;fn.namespace=namespace;return fn}function enable(namespaces){exports.save(namespaces);var split=(namespaces||"").split(/[\s,]+/);var len=split.length;for(var i=0;i<len;i++){if(!split[i])continue;namespaces=split[i].replace(/\*/g,".*?");if(namespaces[0]==="-"){exports.skips.push(new RegExp("^"+namespaces.substr(1)+"$"))}else{exports.names.push(new RegExp("^"+namespaces+"$"))}}}function disable(){exports.enable("")}function enabled(name){var i,len;for(i=0,len=exports.skips.length;i<len;i++){if(exports.skips[i].test(name)){return false}}for(i=0,len=exports.names.length;i<len;i++){if(exports.names[i].test(name)){return true}}return false}function coerce(val){if(val instanceof Error)return val.stack||val.message;return val}},{ms:24}],24:[function(_dereq_,module,exports){var s=1e3;var m=s*60;var h=m*60;var d=h*24;var y=d*365.25;module.exports=function(val,options){options=options||{};if("string"==typeof val)return parse(val);return options.long?long(val):short(val)};function parse(str){var match=/^((?:\d+)?\.?\d+) *(ms|seconds?|s|minutes?|m|hours?|h|days?|d|years?|y)?$/i.exec(str);if(!match)return;var n=parseFloat(match[1]);var type=(match[2]||"ms").toLowerCase();switch(type){case"years":case"year":case"y":return n*y;case"days":case"day":case"d":return n*d;case"hours":case"hour":case"h":return n*h;case"minutes":case"minute":case"m":return n*m;case"seconds":case"second":case"s":return n*s;case"ms":return n}}function short(ms){if(ms>=d)return Math.round(ms/d)+"d";if(ms>=h)return Math.round(ms/h)+"h";if(ms>=m)return Math.round(ms/m)+"m";if(ms>=s)return Math.round(ms/s)+"s";return ms+"ms"}function long(ms){return plural(ms,d,"day")||plural(ms,h,"hour")||plural(ms,m,"minute")||plural(ms,s,"second")||ms+" ms"}function plural(ms,n,name){if(ms<n)return;if(ms<n*1.5)return Math.floor(ms/n)+" "+name;return Math.ceil(ms/n)+" "+name+"s"}},{}],25:[function(_dereq_,module,exports){(function(global){var keys=_dereq_("./keys");var hasBinary=_dereq_("has-binary");var sliceBuffer=_dereq_("arraybuffer.slice");var base64encoder=_dereq_("base64-arraybuffer");var after=_dereq_("after");var utf8=_dereq_("utf8");var isAndroid=navigator.userAgent.match(/Android/i);var isPhantomJS=/PhantomJS/i.test(navigator.userAgent);var dontSendBlobs=isAndroid||isPhantomJS;exports.protocol=3;var packets=exports.packets={open:0,close:1,ping:2,pong:3,message:4,upgrade:5,noop:6};var packetslist=keys(packets);var err={type:"error",data:"parser error"};var Blob=_dereq_("blob");exports.encodePacket=function(packet,supportsBinary,utf8encode,callback){if("function"==typeof supportsBinary){callback=supportsBinary;supportsBinary=false}if("function"==typeof utf8encode){callback=utf8encode;utf8encode=null}var data=packet.data===undefined?undefined:packet.data.buffer||packet.data;if(global.ArrayBuffer&&data instanceof ArrayBuffer){return encodeArrayBuffer(packet,supportsBinary,callback)}else if(Blob&&data instanceof global.Blob){return encodeBlob(packet,supportsBinary,callback)}if(data&&data.base64){return encodeBase64Object(packet,callback)}var encoded=packets[packet.type];if(undefined!==packet.data){encoded+=utf8encode?utf8.encode(String(packet.data)):String(packet.data)}return callback(""+encoded)};function encodeBase64Object(packet,callback){var message="b"+exports.packets[packet.type]+packet.data.data;return callback(message)}function encodeArrayBuffer(packet,supportsBinary,callback){if(!supportsBinary){return exports.encodeBase64Packet(packet,callback)}var data=packet.data;var contentArray=new Uint8Array(data);var resultBuffer=new Uint8Array(1+data.byteLength);resultBuffer[0]=packets[packet.type];for(var i=0;i<contentArray.length;i++){resultBuffer[i+1]=contentArray[i]}return callback(resultBuffer.buffer)}function encodeBlobAsArrayBuffer(packet,supportsBinary,callback){if(!supportsBinary){return exports.encodeBase64Packet(packet,callback)}var fr=new FileReader;fr.onload=function(){packet.data=fr.result;exports.encodePacket(packet,supportsBinary,true,callback)};return fr.readAsArrayBuffer(packet.data)}function encodeBlob(packet,supportsBinary,callback){if(!supportsBinary){return exports.encodeBase64Packet(packet,callback)}if(dontSendBlobs){return encodeBlobAsArrayBuffer(packet,supportsBinary,callback)}var length=new Uint8Array(1);length[0]=packets[packet.type];var blob=new Blob([length.buffer,packet.data]);return callback(blob)}exports.encodeBase64Packet=function(packet,callback){var message="b"+exports.packets[packet.type];if(Blob&&packet.data instanceof Blob){var fr=new FileReader;fr.onload=function(){var b64=fr.result.split(",")[1];callback(message+b64)};return fr.readAsDataURL(packet.data)}var b64data;try{b64data=String.fromCharCode.apply(null,new Uint8Array(packet.data))}catch(e){var typed=new Uint8Array(packet.data);var basic=new Array(typed.length);for(var i=0;i<typed.length;i++){basic[i]=typed[i]}b64data=String.fromCharCode.apply(null,basic)}message+=global.btoa(b64data);return callback(message)};exports.decodePacket=function(data,binaryType,utf8decode){if(typeof data=="string"||data===undefined){if(data.charAt(0)=="b"){return exports.decodeBase64Packet(data.substr(1),binaryType)}if(utf8decode){try{data=utf8.decode(data)}catch(e){return err}}var type=data.charAt(0);if(Number(type)!=type||!packetslist[type]){return err}if(data.length>1){return{type:packetslist[type],data:data.substring(1)}}else{return{type:packetslist[type]}}}var asArray=new Uint8Array(data);var type=asArray[0];var rest=sliceBuffer(data,1);if(Blob&&binaryType==="blob"){rest=new Blob([rest])}return{type:packetslist[type],data:rest}};exports.decodeBase64Packet=function(msg,binaryType){var type=packetslist[msg.charAt(0)];if(!global.ArrayBuffer){return{type:type,data:{base64:true,data:msg.substr(1)}}}var data=base64encoder.decode(msg.substr(1));if(binaryType==="blob"&&Blob){data=new Blob([data])}return{type:type,data:data}};exports.encodePayload=function(packets,supportsBinary,callback){if(typeof supportsBinary=="function"){callback=supportsBinary;supportsBinary=null}var isBinary=hasBinary(packets);if(supportsBinary&&isBinary){if(Blob&&!dontSendBlobs){return exports.encodePayloadAsBlob(packets,callback)}return exports.encodePayloadAsArrayBuffer(packets,callback)}if(!packets.length){return callback("0:")}function setLengthHeader(message){return message.length+":"+message}function encodeOne(packet,doneCallback){exports.encodePacket(packet,!isBinary?false:supportsBinary,true,function(message){doneCallback(null,setLengthHeader(message))})}map(packets,encodeOne,function(err,results){return callback(results.join(""))})};function map(ary,each,done){var result=new Array(ary.length);var next=after(ary.length,done);var eachWithIndex=function(i,el,cb){each(el,function(error,msg){result[i]=msg;cb(error,result)})};for(var i=0;i<ary.length;i++){eachWithIndex(i,ary[i],next)}}exports.decodePayload=function(data,binaryType,callback){if(typeof data!="string"){return exports.decodePayloadAsBinary(data,binaryType,callback)}if(typeof binaryType==="function"){callback=binaryType;binaryType=null}var packet;if(data==""){return callback(err,0,1)}var length="",n,msg;for(var i=0,l=data.length;i<l;i++){var chr=data.charAt(i);if(":"!=chr){length+=chr}else{if(""==length||length!=(n=Number(length))){return callback(err,0,1)}msg=data.substr(i+1,n);if(length!=msg.length){return callback(err,0,1)}if(msg.length){packet=exports.decodePacket(msg,binaryType,true);if(err.type==packet.type&&err.data==packet.data){return callback(err,0,1)}var ret=callback(packet,i+n,l);if(false===ret)return}i+=n;length=""}}if(length!=""){return callback(err,0,1)}};exports.encodePayloadAsArrayBuffer=function(packets,callback){if(!packets.length){return callback(new ArrayBuffer(0))}function encodeOne(packet,doneCallback){exports.encodePacket(packet,true,true,function(data){return doneCallback(null,data)})}map(packets,encodeOne,function(err,encodedPackets){var totalLength=encodedPackets.reduce(function(acc,p){var len;if(typeof p==="string"){len=p.length}else{len=p.byteLength}return acc+len.toString().length+len+2},0);var resultArray=new Uint8Array(totalLength);var bufferIndex=0;encodedPackets.forEach(function(p){var isString=typeof p==="string";var ab=p;if(isString){var view=new Uint8Array(p.length);for(var i=0;i<p.length;i++){view[i]=p.charCodeAt(i)}ab=view.buffer}if(isString){resultArray[bufferIndex++]=0}else{resultArray[bufferIndex++]=1}var lenStr=ab.byteLength.toString();for(var i=0;i<lenStr.length;i++){resultArray[bufferIndex++]=parseInt(lenStr[i])}resultArray[bufferIndex++]=255;var view=new Uint8Array(ab);for(var i=0;i<view.length;i++){resultArray[bufferIndex++]=view[i]}});return callback(resultArray.buffer)})};exports.encodePayloadAsBlob=function(packets,callback){function encodeOne(packet,doneCallback){exports.encodePacket(packet,true,true,function(encoded){var binaryIdentifier=new Uint8Array(1);binaryIdentifier[0]=1;if(typeof encoded==="string"){var view=new Uint8Array(encoded.length);for(var i=0;i<encoded.length;i++){view[i]=encoded.charCodeAt(i)}encoded=view.buffer;binaryIdentifier[0]=0}var len=encoded instanceof ArrayBuffer?encoded.byteLength:encoded.size;var lenStr=len.toString();var lengthAry=new Uint8Array(lenStr.length+1);for(var i=0;i<lenStr.length;i++){lengthAry[i]=parseInt(lenStr[i])}lengthAry[lenStr.length]=255;if(Blob){var blob=new Blob([binaryIdentifier.buffer,lengthAry.buffer,encoded]);doneCallback(null,blob)}})}map(packets,encodeOne,function(err,results){return callback(new Blob(results))})};exports.decodePayloadAsBinary=function(data,binaryType,callback){if(typeof binaryType==="function"){callback=binaryType;binaryType=null}var bufferTail=data;var buffers=[];var numberTooLong=false;while(bufferTail.byteLength>0){var tailArray=new Uint8Array(bufferTail);var isString=tailArray[0]===0;var msgLength="";for(var i=1;;i++){if(tailArray[i]==255)break;if(msgLength.length>310){numberTooLong=true;break}msgLength+=tailArray[i]}if(numberTooLong)return callback(err,0,1);bufferTail=sliceBuffer(bufferTail,2+msgLength.length);msgLength=parseInt(msgLength);var msg=sliceBuffer(bufferTail,0,msgLength);if(isString){try{msg=String.fromCharCode.apply(null,new Uint8Array(msg))}catch(e){var typed=new Uint8Array(msg);msg="";for(var i=0;i<typed.length;i++){msg+=String.fromCharCode(typed[i])}}}buffers.push(msg);bufferTail=sliceBuffer(bufferTail,msgLength)}var total=buffers.length;buffers.forEach(function(buffer,i){callback(exports.decodePacket(buffer,binaryType,true),i,total)})}}).call(this,typeof self!=="undefined"?self:typeof window!=="undefined"?window:{})},{"./keys":26,after:27,"arraybuffer.slice":28,"base64-arraybuffer":29,blob:30,"has-binary":36,utf8:31}],26:[function(_dereq_,module,exports){module.exports=Object.keys||function keys(obj){var arr=[];var has=Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty;for(var i in obj){if(has.call(obj,i)){arr.push(i)}}return arr}},{}],27:[function(_dereq_,module,exports){module.exports=after;function after(count,callback,err_cb){var bail=false;err_cb=err_cb||noop;proxy.count=count;return count===0?callback():proxy;function proxy(err,result){if(proxy.count<=0){throw new Error("after called too many times")}--proxy.count;if(err){bail=true;callback(err);callback=err_cb}else if(proxy.count===0&&!bail){callback(null,result)}}}function noop(){}},{}],28:[function(_dereq_,module,exports){module.exports=function(arraybuffer,start,end){var bytes=arraybuffer.byteLength;start=start||0;end=end||bytes;if(arraybuffer.slice){return arraybuffer.slice(start,end)}if(start<0){start+=bytes}if(end<0){end+=bytes}if(end>bytes){end=bytes}if(start>=bytes||start>=end||bytes===0){return new ArrayBuffer(0)}var abv=new Uint8Array(arraybuffer);var result=new Uint8Array(end-start);for(var i=start,ii=0;i<end;i++,ii++){result[ii]=abv[i]}return result.buffer}},{}],29:[function(_dereq_,module,exports){(function(chars){"use strict";exports.encode=function(arraybuffer){var bytes=new Uint8Array(arraybuffer),i,len=bytes.length,base64="";for(i=0;i<len;i+=3){base64+=chars[bytes[i]>>2];base64+=chars[(bytes[i]&3)<<4|bytes[i+1]>>4];base64+=chars[(bytes[i+1]&15)<<2|bytes[i+2]>>6];base64+=chars[bytes[i+2]&63]}if(len%3===2){base64=base64.substring(0,base64.length-1)+"="}else if(len%3===1){base64=base64.substring(0,base64.length-2)+"=="}return base64};exports.decode=function(base64){var bufferLength=base64.length*.75,len=base64.length,i,p=0,encoded1,encoded2,encoded3,encoded4;if(base64[base64.length-1]==="="){bufferLength--;if(base64[base64.length-2]==="="){bufferLength--}}var arraybuffer=new ArrayBuffer(bufferLength),bytes=new Uint8Array(arraybuffer);for(i=0;i<len;i+=4){encoded1=chars.indexOf(base64[i]);encoded2=chars.indexOf(base64[i+1]);encoded3=chars.indexOf(base64[i+2]);encoded4=chars.indexOf(base64[i+3]);bytes[p++]=encoded1<<2|encoded2>>4;bytes[p++]=(encoded2&15)<<4|encoded3>>2;bytes[p++]=(encoded3&3)<<6|encoded4&63}return arraybuffer}})("ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789+/")},{}],30:[function(_dereq_,module,exports){(function(global){var BlobBuilder=global.BlobBuilder||global.WebKitBlobBuilder||global.MSBlobBuilder||global.MozBlobBuilder;var blobSupported=function(){try{var a=new Blob(["hi"]);return a.size===2}catch(e){return false}}();var blobSupportsArrayBufferView=blobSupported&&function(){try{var b=new Blob([new Uint8Array([1,2])]);return b.size===2}catch(e){return false}}();var blobBuilderSupported=BlobBuilder&&BlobBuilder.prototype.append&&BlobBuilder.prototype.getBlob;function mapArrayBufferViews(ary){for(var i=0;i<ary.length;i++){var chunk=ary[i];if(chunk.buffer instanceof ArrayBuffer){var buf=chunk.buffer;if(chunk.byteLength!==buf.byteLength){var copy=new Uint8Array(chunk.byteLength);copy.set(new Uint8Array(buf,chunk.byteOffset,chunk.byteLength));buf=copy.buffer}ary[i]=buf}}}function BlobBuilderConstructor(ary,options){options=options||{};var bb=new BlobBuilder;mapArrayBufferViews(ary);for(var i=0;i<ary.length;i++){bb.append(ary[i])}return options.type?bb.getBlob(options.type):bb.getBlob()}function BlobConstructor(ary,options){mapArrayBufferViews(ary);return new Blob(ary,options||{})}module.exports=function(){if(blobSupported){return blobSupportsArrayBufferView?global.Blob:BlobConstructor}else if(blobBuilderSupported){return BlobBuilderConstructor}else{return undefined}}()}).call(this,typeof self!=="undefined"?self:typeof window!=="undefined"?window:{})},{}],31:[function(_dereq_,module,exports){(function(global){(function(root){var freeExports=typeof exports=="object"&&exports;var freeModule=typeof module=="object"&&module&&module.exports==freeExports&&module;var freeGlobal=typeof global=="object"&&global;if(freeGlobal.global===freeGlobal||freeGlobal.window===freeGlobal){root=freeGlobal}var stringFromCharCode=String.fromCharCode;function ucs2decode(string){var output=[];var counter=0;var length=string.length;var value;var extra;while(counter<length){value=string.charCodeAt(counter++);if(value>=55296&&value<=56319&&counter<length){extra=string.charCodeAt(counter++);if((extra&64512)==56320){output.push(((value&1023)<<10)+(extra&1023)+65536)}else{output.push(value);counter--}}else{output.push(value)}}return output}function ucs2encode(array){var length=array.length;var index=-1;var value;var output="";while(++index<length){value=array[index];if(value>65535){value-=65536;output+=stringFromCharCode(value>>>10&1023|55296);value=56320|value&1023}output+=stringFromCharCode(value)}return output}function checkScalarValue(codePoint){if(codePoint>=55296&&codePoint<=57343){throw Error("Lone surrogate U+"+codePoint.toString(16).toUpperCase()+" is not a scalar value")
+}}function createByte(codePoint,shift){return stringFromCharCode(codePoint>>shift&63|128)}function encodeCodePoint(codePoint){if((codePoint&4294967168)==0){return stringFromCharCode(codePoint)}var symbol="";if((codePoint&4294965248)==0){symbol=stringFromCharCode(codePoint>>6&31|192)}else if((codePoint&4294901760)==0){checkScalarValue(codePoint);symbol=stringFromCharCode(codePoint>>12&15|224);symbol+=createByte(codePoint,6)}else if((codePoint&4292870144)==0){symbol=stringFromCharCode(codePoint>>18&7|240);symbol+=createByte(codePoint,12);symbol+=createByte(codePoint,6)}symbol+=stringFromCharCode(codePoint&63|128);return symbol}function utf8encode(string){var codePoints=ucs2decode(string);var length=codePoints.length;var index=-1;var codePoint;var byteString="";while(++index<length){codePoint=codePoints[index];byteString+=encodeCodePoint(codePoint)}return byteString}function readContinuationByte(){if(byteIndex>=byteCount){throw Error("Invalid byte index")}var continuationByte=byteArray[byteIndex]&255;byteIndex++;if((continuationByte&192)==128){return continuationByte&63}throw Error("Invalid continuation byte")}function decodeSymbol(){var byte1;var byte2;var byte3;var byte4;var codePoint;if(byteIndex>byteCount){throw Error("Invalid byte index")}if(byteIndex==byteCount){return false}byte1=byteArray[byteIndex]&255;byteIndex++;if((byte1&128)==0){return byte1}if((byte1&224)==192){var byte2=readContinuationByte();codePoint=(byte1&31)<<6|byte2;if(codePoint>=128){return codePoint}else{throw Error("Invalid continuation byte")}}if((byte1&240)==224){byte2=readContinuationByte();byte3=readContinuationByte();codePoint=(byte1&15)<<12|byte2<<6|byte3;if(codePoint>=2048){checkScalarValue(codePoint);return codePoint}else{throw Error("Invalid continuation byte")}}if((byte1&248)==240){byte2=readContinuationByte();byte3=readContinuationByte();byte4=readContinuationByte();codePoint=(byte1&15)<<18|byte2<<12|byte3<<6|byte4;if(codePoint>=65536&&codePoint<=1114111){return codePoint}}throw Error("Invalid UTF-8 detected")}var byteArray;var byteCount;var byteIndex;function utf8decode(byteString){byteArray=ucs2decode(byteString);byteCount=byteArray.length;byteIndex=0;var codePoints=[];var tmp;while((tmp=decodeSymbol())!==false){codePoints.push(tmp)}return ucs2encode(codePoints)}var utf8={version:"2.0.0",encode:utf8encode,decode:utf8decode};if(typeof define=="function"&&typeof define.amd=="object"&&define.amd){define(function(){return utf8})}else if(freeExports&&!freeExports.nodeType){if(freeModule){freeModule.exports=utf8}else{var object={};var hasOwnProperty=object.hasOwnProperty;for(var key in utf8){hasOwnProperty.call(utf8,key)&&(freeExports[key]=utf8[key])}}}else{root.utf8=utf8}})(this)}).call(this,typeof self!=="undefined"?self:typeof window!=="undefined"?window:{})},{}],32:[function(_dereq_,module,exports){(function(global){var rvalidchars=/^[\],:{}\s]*$/;var rvalidescape=/\\(?:["\\\/bfnrt]|u[0-9a-fA-F]{4})/g;var rvalidtokens=/"[^"\\\n\r]*"|true|false|null|-?\d+(?:\.\d*)?(?:[eE][+\-]?\d+)?/g;var rvalidbraces=/(?:^|:|,)(?:\s*\[)+/g;var rtrimLeft=/^\s+/;var rtrimRight=/\s+$/;module.exports=function parsejson(data){if("string"!=typeof data||!data){return null}data=data.replace(rtrimLeft,"").replace(rtrimRight,"");if(global.JSON&&JSON.parse){return JSON.parse(data)}if(rvalidchars.test(data.replace(rvalidescape,"@").replace(rvalidtokens,"]").replace(rvalidbraces,""))){return new Function("return "+data)()}}}).call(this,typeof self!=="undefined"?self:typeof window!=="undefined"?window:{})},{}],33:[function(_dereq_,module,exports){exports.encode=function(obj){var str="";for(var i in obj){if(obj.hasOwnProperty(i)){if(str.length)str+="&";str+=encodeURIComponent(i)+"="+encodeURIComponent(obj[i])}}return str};exports.decode=function(qs){var qry={};var pairs=qs.split("&");for(var i=0,l=pairs.length;i<l;i++){var pair=pairs[i].split("=");qry[decodeURIComponent(pair[0])]=decodeURIComponent(pair[1])}return qry}},{}],34:[function(_dereq_,module,exports){var re=/^(?:(?![^:@]+:[^:@\/]*@)(http|https|ws|wss):\/\/)?((?:(([^:@]*)(?::([^:@]*))?)?@)?((?:[a-f0-9]{0,4}:){2,7}[a-f0-9]{0,4}|[^:\/?#]*)(?::(\d*))?)(((\/(?:[^?#](?![^?#\/]*\.[^?#\/.]+(?:[?#]|$)))*\/?)?([^?#\/]*))(?:\?([^#]*))?(?:#(.*))?)/;var parts=["source","protocol","authority","userInfo","user","password","host","port","relative","path","directory","file","query","anchor"];module.exports=function parseuri(str){var src=str,b=str.indexOf("["),e=str.indexOf("]");if(b!=-1&&e!=-1){str=str.substring(0,b)+str.substring(b,e).replace(/:/g,";")+str.substring(e,str.length)}var m=re.exec(str||""),uri={},i=14;while(i--){uri[parts[i]]=m[i]||""}if(b!=-1&&e!=-1){uri.source=src;uri.host=uri.host.substring(1,uri.host.length-1).replace(/;/g,":");uri.authority=uri.authority.replace("[","").replace("]","").replace(/;/g,":");uri.ipv6uri=true}return uri}},{}],35:[function(_dereq_,module,exports){var global=function(){return this}();var WebSocket=global.WebSocket||global.MozWebSocket;module.exports=WebSocket?ws:null;function ws(uri,protocols,opts){var instance;if(protocols){instance=new WebSocket(uri,protocols)}else{instance=new WebSocket(uri)}return instance}if(WebSocket)ws.prototype=WebSocket.prototype},{}],36:[function(_dereq_,module,exports){(function(global){var isArray=_dereq_("isarray");module.exports=hasBinary;function hasBinary(data){function _hasBinary(obj){if(!obj)return false;if(global.Buffer&&global.Buffer.isBuffer(obj)||global.ArrayBuffer&&obj instanceof ArrayBuffer||global.Blob&&obj instanceof Blob||global.File&&obj instanceof File){return true}if(isArray(obj)){for(var i=0;i<obj.length;i++){if(_hasBinary(obj[i])){return true}}}else if(obj&&"object"==typeof obj){if(obj.toJSON){obj=obj.toJSON()}for(var key in obj){if(Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(obj,key)&&_hasBinary(obj[key])){return true}}}return false}return _hasBinary(data)}}).call(this,typeof self!=="undefined"?self:typeof window!=="undefined"?window:{})},{isarray:37}],37:[function(_dereq_,module,exports){module.exports=Array.isArray||function(arr){return Object.prototype.toString.call(arr)=="[object Array]"}},{}],38:[function(_dereq_,module,exports){var global=_dereq_("global");try{module.exports="XMLHttpRequest"in global&&"withCredentials"in new global.XMLHttpRequest}catch(err){module.exports=false}},{global:39}],39:[function(_dereq_,module,exports){module.exports=function(){return this}()},{}],40:[function(_dereq_,module,exports){var indexOf=[].indexOf;module.exports=function(arr,obj){if(indexOf)return arr.indexOf(obj);for(var i=0;i<arr.length;++i){if(arr[i]===obj)return i}return-1}},{}],41:[function(_dereq_,module,exports){var has=Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty;exports.keys=Object.keys||function(obj){var keys=[];for(var key in obj){if(has.call(obj,key)){keys.push(key)}}return keys};exports.values=function(obj){var vals=[];for(var key in obj){if(has.call(obj,key)){vals.push(obj[key])}}return vals};exports.merge=function(a,b){for(var key in b){if(has.call(b,key)){a[key]=b[key]}}return a};exports.length=function(obj){return exports.keys(obj).length};exports.isEmpty=function(obj){return 0==exports.length(obj)}},{}],42:[function(_dereq_,module,exports){var re=/^(?:(?![^:@]+:[^:@\/]*@)(http|https|ws|wss):\/\/)?((?:(([^:@]*)(?::([^:@]*))?)?@)?((?:[a-f0-9]{0,4}:){2,7}[a-f0-9]{0,4}|[^:\/?#]*)(?::(\d*))?)(((\/(?:[^?#](?![^?#\/]*\.[^?#\/.]+(?:[?#]|$)))*\/?)?([^?#\/]*))(?:\?([^#]*))?(?:#(.*))?)/;var parts=["source","protocol","authority","userInfo","user","password","host","port","relative","path","directory","file","query","anchor"];module.exports=function parseuri(str){var m=re.exec(str||""),uri={},i=14;while(i--){uri[parts[i]]=m[i]||""}return uri}},{}],43:[function(_dereq_,module,exports){(function(global){var isArray=_dereq_("isarray");var isBuf=_dereq_("./is-buffer");exports.deconstructPacket=function(packet){var buffers=[];var packetData=packet.data;function _deconstructPacket(data){if(!data)return data;if(isBuf(data)){var placeholder={_placeholder:true,num:buffers.length};buffers.push(data);return placeholder}else if(isArray(data)){var newData=new Array(data.length);for(var i=0;i<data.length;i++){newData[i]=_deconstructPacket(data[i])}return newData}else if("object"==typeof data&&!(data instanceof Date)){var newData={};for(var key in data){newData[key]=_deconstructPacket(data[key])}return newData}return data}var pack=packet;pack.data=_deconstructPacket(packetData);pack.attachments=buffers.length;return{packet:pack,buffers:buffers}};exports.reconstructPacket=function(packet,buffers){var curPlaceHolder=0;function _reconstructPacket(data){if(data&&data._placeholder){var buf=buffers[data.num];return buf}else if(isArray(data)){for(var i=0;i<data.length;i++){data[i]=_reconstructPacket(data[i])}return data}else if(data&&"object"==typeof data){for(var key in data){data[key]=_reconstructPacket(data[key])}return data}return data}packet.data=_reconstructPacket(packet.data);packet.attachments=undefined;return packet};exports.removeBlobs=function(data,callback){function _removeBlobs(obj,curKey,containingObject){if(!obj)return obj;if(global.Blob&&obj instanceof Blob||global.File&&obj instanceof File){pendingBlobs++;var fileReader=new FileReader;fileReader.onload=function(){if(containingObject){containingObject[curKey]=this.result}else{bloblessData=this.result}if(!--pendingBlobs){callback(bloblessData)}};fileReader.readAsArrayBuffer(obj)}else if(isArray(obj)){for(var i=0;i<obj.length;i++){_removeBlobs(obj[i],i,obj)}}else if(obj&&"object"==typeof obj&&!isBuf(obj)){for(var key in obj){_removeBlobs(obj[key],key,obj)}}}var pendingBlobs=0;var bloblessData=data;_removeBlobs(bloblessData);if(!pendingBlobs){callback(bloblessData)}}}).call(this,typeof self!=="undefined"?self:typeof window!=="undefined"?window:{})},{"./is-buffer":45,isarray:46}],44:[function(_dereq_,module,exports){var debug=_dereq_("debug")("socket.io-parser");var json=_dereq_("json3");var isArray=_dereq_("isarray");var Emitter=_dereq_("component-emitter");var binary=_dereq_("./binary");var isBuf=_dereq_("./is-buffer");exports.protocol=4;exports.types=["CONNECT","DISCONNECT","EVENT","BINARY_EVENT","ACK","BINARY_ACK","ERROR"];exports.CONNECT=0;exports.DISCONNECT=1;exports.EVENT=2;exports.ACK=3;exports.ERROR=4;exports.BINARY_EVENT=5;exports.BINARY_ACK=6;exports.Encoder=Encoder;exports.Decoder=Decoder;function Encoder(){}Encoder.prototype.encode=function(obj,callback){debug("encoding packet %j",obj);if(exports.BINARY_EVENT==obj.type||exports.BINARY_ACK==obj.type){encodeAsBinary(obj,callback)}else{var encoding=encodeAsString(obj);callback([encoding])}};function encodeAsString(obj){var str="";var nsp=false;str+=obj.type;if(exports.BINARY_EVENT==obj.type||exports.BINARY_ACK==obj.type){str+=obj.attachments;str+="-"}if(obj.nsp&&"/"!=obj.nsp){nsp=true;str+=obj.nsp}if(null!=obj.id){if(nsp){str+=",";nsp=false}str+=obj.id}if(null!=obj.data){if(nsp)str+=",";str+=json.stringify(obj.data)}debug("encoded %j as %s",obj,str);return str}function encodeAsBinary(obj,callback){function writeEncoding(bloblessData){var deconstruction=binary.deconstructPacket(bloblessData);var pack=encodeAsString(deconstruction.packet);var buffers=deconstruction.buffers;buffers.unshift(pack);callback(buffers)}binary.removeBlobs(obj,writeEncoding)}function Decoder(){this.reconstructor=null}Emitter(Decoder.prototype);Decoder.prototype.add=function(obj){var packet;if("string"==typeof obj){packet=decodeString(obj);if(exports.BINARY_EVENT==packet.type||exports.BINARY_ACK==packet.type){this.reconstructor=new BinaryReconstructor(packet);if(this.reconstructor.reconPack.attachments===0){this.emit("decoded",packet)}}else{this.emit("decoded",packet)}}else if(isBuf(obj)||obj.base64){if(!this.reconstructor){throw new Error("got binary data when not reconstructing a packet")}else{packet=this.reconstructor.takeBinaryData(obj);if(packet){this.reconstructor=null;this.emit("decoded",packet)}}}else{throw new Error("Unknown type: "+obj)}};function decodeString(str){var p={};var i=0;p.type=Number(str.charAt(0));if(null==exports.types[p.type])return error();if(exports.BINARY_EVENT==p.type||exports.BINARY_ACK==p.type){var buf="";while(str.charAt(++i)!="-"){buf+=str.charAt(i);if(i==str.length)break}if(buf!=Number(buf)||str.charAt(i)!="-"){throw new Error("Illegal attachments")}p.attachments=Number(buf)}if("/"==str.charAt(i+1)){p.nsp="";while(++i){var c=str.charAt(i);if(","==c)break;p.nsp+=c;if(i==str.length)break}}else{p.nsp="/"}var next=str.charAt(i+1);if(""!==next&&Number(next)==next){p.id="";while(++i){var c=str.charAt(i);if(null==c||Number(c)!=c){--i;break}p.id+=str.charAt(i);if(i==str.length)break}p.id=Number(p.id)}if(str.charAt(++i)){try{p.data=json.parse(str.substr(i))}catch(e){return error()}}debug("decoded %s as %j",str,p);return p}Decoder.prototype.destroy=function(){if(this.reconstructor){this.reconstructor.finishedReconstruction()}};function BinaryReconstructor(packet){this.reconPack=packet;this.buffers=[]}BinaryReconstructor.prototype.takeBinaryData=function(binData){this.buffers.push(binData);if(this.buffers.length==this.reconPack.attachments){var packet=binary.reconstructPacket(this.reconPack,this.buffers);this.finishedReconstruction();return packet}return null};BinaryReconstructor.prototype.finishedReconstruction=function(){this.reconPack=null;this.buffers=[]};function error(data){return{type:exports.ERROR,data:"parser error"}}},{"./binary":43,"./is-buffer":45,"component-emitter":9,debug:10,isarray:46,json3:47}],45:[function(_dereq_,module,exports){(function(global){module.exports=isBuf;function isBuf(obj){return global.Buffer&&global.Buffer.isBuffer(obj)||global.ArrayBuffer&&obj instanceof ArrayBuffer}}).call(this,typeof self!=="undefined"?self:typeof window!=="undefined"?window:{})},{}],46:[function(_dereq_,module,exports){module.exports=_dereq_(37)},{}],47:[function(_dereq_,module,exports){(function(window){var getClass={}.toString,isProperty,forEach,undef;var isLoader=typeof define==="function"&&define.amd;var nativeJSON=typeof JSON=="object"&&JSON;var JSON3=typeof exports=="object"&&exports&&!exports.nodeType&&exports;if(JSON3&&nativeJSON){JSON3.stringify=nativeJSON.stringify;JSON3.parse=nativeJSON.parse}else{JSON3=window.JSON=nativeJSON||{}}var isExtended=new Date(-0xc782b5b800cec);try{isExtended=isExtended.getUTCFullYear()==-109252&&isExtended.getUTCMonth()===0&&isExtended.getUTCDate()===1&&isExtended.getUTCHours()==10&&isExtended.getUTCMinutes()==37&&isExtended.getUTCSeconds()==6&&isExtended.getUTCMilliseconds()==708}catch(exception){}function has(name){if(has[name]!==undef){return has[name]}var isSupported;if(name=="bug-string-char-index"){isSupported="a"[0]!="a"}else if(name=="json"){isSupported=has("json-stringify")&&has("json-parse")}else{var value,serialized='{"a":[1,true,false,null,"\\u0000\\b\\n\\f\\r\\t"]}';if(name=="json-stringify"){var stringify=JSON3.stringify,stringifySupported=typeof stringify=="function"&&isExtended;if(stringifySupported){(value=function(){return 1}).toJSON=value;try{stringifySupported=stringify(0)==="0"&&stringify(new Number)==="0"&&stringify(new String)=='""'&&stringify(getClass)===undef&&stringify(undef)===undef&&stringify()===undef&&stringify(value)==="1"&&stringify([value])=="[1]"&&stringify([undef])=="[null]"&&stringify(null)=="null"&&stringify([undef,getClass,null])=="[null,null,null]"&&stringify({a:[value,true,false,null,"\x00\b\n\f\r	"]})==serialized&&stringify(null,value)==="1"&&stringify([1,2],null,1)=="[\n 1,\n 2\n]"&&stringify(new Date(-864e13))=='"-271821-04-20T00:00:00.000Z"'&&stringify(new Date(864e13))=='"+275760-09-13T00:00:00.000Z"'&&stringify(new Date(-621987552e5))=='"-000001-01-01T00:00:00.000Z"'&&stringify(new Date(-1))=='"1969-12-31T23:59:59.999Z"'}catch(exception){stringifySupported=false}}isSupported=stringifySupported}if(name=="json-parse"){var parse=JSON3.parse;if(typeof parse=="function"){try{if(parse("0")===0&&!parse(false)){value=parse(serialized);var parseSupported=value["a"].length==5&&value["a"][0]===1;if(parseSupported){try{parseSupported=!parse('"	"')}catch(exception){}if(parseSupported){try{parseSupported=parse("01")!==1}catch(exception){}}if(parseSupported){try{parseSupported=parse("1.")!==1}catch(exception){}}}}}catch(exception){parseSupported=false}}isSupported=parseSupported}}return has[name]=!!isSupported}if(!has("json")){var functionClass="[object Function]";var dateClass="[object Date]";var numberClass="[object Number]";var stringClass="[object String]";var arrayClass="[object Array]";var booleanClass="[object Boolean]";var charIndexBuggy=has("bug-string-char-index");if(!isExtended){var floor=Math.floor;var Months=[0,31,59,90,120,151,181,212,243,273,304,334];var getDay=function(year,month){return Months[month]+365*(year-1970)+floor((year-1969+(month=+(month>1)))/4)-floor((year-1901+month)/100)+floor((year-1601+month)/400)}}if(!(isProperty={}.hasOwnProperty)){isProperty=function(property){var members={},constructor;if((members.__proto__=null,members.__proto__={toString:1},members).toString!=getClass){isProperty=function(property){var original=this.__proto__,result=property in(this.__proto__=null,this);this.__proto__=original;return result}}else{constructor=members.constructor;isProperty=function(property){var parent=(this.constructor||constructor).prototype;return property in this&&!(property in parent&&this[property]===parent[property])}}members=null;return isProperty.call(this,property)}}var PrimitiveTypes={"boolean":1,number:1,string:1,undefined:1};var isHostType=function(object,property){var type=typeof object[property];return type=="object"?!!object[property]:!PrimitiveTypes[type]};forEach=function(object,callback){var size=0,Properties,members,property;(Properties=function(){this.valueOf=0}).prototype.valueOf=0;members=new Properties;for(property in members){if(isProperty.call(members,property)){size++}}Properties=members=null;if(!size){members=["valueOf","toString","toLocaleString","propertyIsEnumerable","isPrototypeOf","hasOwnProperty","constructor"];forEach=function(object,callback){var isFunction=getClass.call(object)==functionClass,property,length;var hasProperty=!isFunction&&typeof object.constructor!="function"&&isHostType(object,"hasOwnProperty")?object.hasOwnProperty:isProperty;for(property in object){if(!(isFunction&&property=="prototype")&&hasProperty.call(object,property)){callback(property)}}for(length=members.length;property=members[--length];hasProperty.call(object,property)&&callback(property));}}else if(size==2){forEach=function(object,callback){var members={},isFunction=getClass.call(object)==functionClass,property;for(property in object){if(!(isFunction&&property=="prototype")&&!isProperty.call(members,property)&&(members[property]=1)&&isProperty.call(object,property)){callback(property)}}}}else{forEach=function(object,callback){var isFunction=getClass.call(object)==functionClass,property,isConstructor;for(property in object){if(!(isFunction&&property=="prototype")&&isProperty.call(object,property)&&!(isConstructor=property==="constructor")){callback(property)}}if(isConstructor||isProperty.call(object,property="constructor")){callback(property)}}}return forEach(object,callback)};if(!has("json-stringify")){var Escapes={92:"\\\\",34:'\\"',8:"\\b",12:"\\f",10:"\\n",13:"\\r",9:"\\t"};var leadingZeroes="000000";var toPaddedString=function(width,value){return(leadingZeroes+(value||0)).slice(-width)};var unicodePrefix="\\u00";var quote=function(value){var result='"',index=0,length=value.length,isLarge=length>10&&charIndexBuggy,symbols;if(isLarge){symbols=value.split("")}for(;index<length;index++){var charCode=value.charCodeAt(index);switch(charCode){case 8:case 9:case 10:case 12:case 13:case 34:case 92:result+=Escapes[charCode];break;default:if(charCode<32){result+=unicodePrefix+toPaddedString(2,charCode.toString(16));break}result+=isLarge?symbols[index]:charIndexBuggy?value.charAt(index):value[index]}}return result+'"'};var serialize=function(property,object,callback,properties,whitespace,indentation,stack){var value,className,year,month,date,time,hours,minutes,seconds,milliseconds,results,element,index,length,prefix,result;try{value=object[property]}catch(exception){}if(typeof value=="object"&&value){className=getClass.call(value);if(className==dateClass&&!isProperty.call(value,"toJSON")){if(value>-1/0&&value<1/0){if(getDay){date=floor(value/864e5);for(year=floor(date/365.2425)+1970-1;getDay(year+1,0)<=date;year++);for(month=floor((date-getDay(year,0))/30.42);getDay(year,month+1)<=date;month++);date=1+date-getDay(year,month);time=(value%864e5+864e5)%864e5;hours=floor(time/36e5)%24;minutes=floor(time/6e4)%60;seconds=floor(time/1e3)%60;milliseconds=time%1e3}else{year=value.getUTCFullYear();month=value.getUTCMonth();date=value.getUTCDate();hours=value.getUTCHours();minutes=value.getUTCMinutes();seconds=value.getUTCSeconds();milliseconds=value.getUTCMilliseconds()}value=(year<=0||year>=1e4?(year<0?"-":"+")+toPaddedString(6,year<0?-year:year):toPaddedString(4,year))+"-"+toPaddedString(2,month+1)+"-"+toPaddedString(2,date)+"T"+toPaddedString(2,hours)+":"+toPaddedString(2,minutes)+":"+toPaddedString(2,seconds)+"."+toPaddedString(3,milliseconds)+"Z"}else{value=null}}else if(typeof value.toJSON=="function"&&(className!=numberClass&&className!=stringClass&&className!=arrayClass||isProperty.call(value,"toJSON"))){value=value.toJSON(property)}}if(callback){value=callback.call(object,property,value)}if(value===null){return"null"}className=getClass.call(value);if(className==booleanClass){return""+value}else if(className==numberClass){return value>-1/0&&value<1/0?""+value:"null"}else if(className==stringClass){return quote(""+value)}if(typeof value=="object"){for(length=stack.length;length--;){if(stack[length]===value){throw TypeError()}}stack.push(value);results=[];prefix=indentation;indentation+=whitespace;if(className==arrayClass){for(index=0,length=value.length;index<length;index++){element=serialize(index,value,callback,properties,whitespace,indentation,stack);results.push(element===undef?"null":element)}result=results.length?whitespace?"[\n"+indentation+results.join(",\n"+indentation)+"\n"+prefix+"]":"["+results.join(",")+"]":"[]"}else{forEach(properties||value,function(property){var element=serialize(property,value,callback,properties,whitespace,indentation,stack);if(element!==undef){results.push(quote(property)+":"+(whitespace?" ":"")+element)}});result=results.length?whitespace?"{\n"+indentation+results.join(",\n"+indentation)+"\n"+prefix+"}":"{"+results.join(",")+"}":"{}"}stack.pop();return result}};JSON3.stringify=function(source,filter,width){var whitespace,callback,properties,className;if(typeof filter=="function"||typeof filter=="object"&&filter){if((className=getClass.call(filter))==functionClass){callback=filter}else if(className==arrayClass){properties={};for(var index=0,length=filter.length,value;index<length;value=filter[index++],(className=getClass.call(value),className==stringClass||className==numberClass)&&(properties[value]=1));}}if(width){if((className=getClass.call(width))==numberClass){if((width-=width%1)>0){for(whitespace="",width>10&&(width=10);whitespace.length<width;whitespace+=" ");}}else if(className==stringClass){whitespace=width.length<=10?width:width.slice(0,10)}}return serialize("",(value={},value[""]=source,value),callback,properties,whitespace,"",[])}}if(!has("json-parse")){var fromCharCode=String.fromCharCode;var Unescapes={92:"\\",34:'"',47:"/",98:"\b",116:"	",110:"\n",102:"\f",114:"\r"};var Index,Source;var abort=function(){Index=Source=null;throw SyntaxError()};var lex=function(){var source=Source,length=source.length,value,begin,position,isSigned,charCode;while(Index<length){charCode=source.charCodeAt(Index);switch(charCode){case 9:case 10:case 13:case 32:Index++;break;case 123:case 125:case 91:case 93:case 58:case 44:value=charIndexBuggy?source.charAt(Index):source[Index];Index++;return value;case 34:for(value="@",Index++;Index<length;){charCode=source.charCodeAt(Index);if(charCode<32){abort()}else if(charCode==92){charCode=source.charCodeAt(++Index);switch(charCode){case 92:case 34:case 47:case 98:case 116:case 110:case 102:case 114:value+=Unescapes[charCode];Index++;break;case 117:begin=++Index;for(position=Index+4;Index<position;Index++){charCode=source.charCodeAt(Index);if(!(charCode>=48&&charCode<=57||charCode>=97&&charCode<=102||charCode>=65&&charCode<=70)){abort()}}value+=fromCharCode("0x"+source.slice(begin,Index));break;default:abort()}}else{if(charCode==34){break}charCode=source.charCodeAt(Index);begin=Index;while(charCode>=32&&charCode!=92&&charCode!=34){charCode=source.charCodeAt(++Index)}value+=source.slice(begin,Index)}}if(source.charCodeAt(Index)==34){Index++;return value}abort();default:begin=Index;if(charCode==45){isSigned=true;charCode=source.charCodeAt(++Index)}if(charCode>=48&&charCode<=57){if(charCode==48&&(charCode=source.charCodeAt(Index+1),charCode>=48&&charCode<=57)){abort()}isSigned=false;for(;Index<length&&(charCode=source.charCodeAt(Index),charCode>=48&&charCode<=57);Index++);if(source.charCodeAt(Index)==46){position=++Index;for(;position<length&&(charCode=source.charCodeAt(position),charCode>=48&&charCode<=57);position++);if(position==Index){abort()}Index=position}charCode=source.charCodeAt(Index);if(charCode==101||charCode==69){charCode=source.charCodeAt(++Index);if(charCode==43||charCode==45){Index++}for(position=Index;position<length&&(charCode=source.charCodeAt(position),charCode>=48&&charCode<=57);position++);if(position==Index){abort()}Index=position}return+source.slice(begin,Index)}if(isSigned){abort()}if(source.slice(Index,Index+4)=="true"){Index+=4;return true}else if(source.slice(Index,Index+5)=="false"){Index+=5;return false}else if(source.slice(Index,Index+4)=="null"){Index+=4;return null}abort()}}return"$"};var get=function(value){var results,hasMembers;if(value=="$"){abort()}if(typeof value=="string"){if((charIndexBuggy?value.charAt(0):value[0])=="@"){return value.slice(1)}if(value=="["){results=[];for(;;hasMembers||(hasMembers=true)){value=lex();if(value=="]"){break}if(hasMembers){if(value==","){value=lex();if(value=="]"){abort()}}else{abort()}}if(value==","){abort()}results.push(get(value))}return results}else if(value=="{"){results={};for(;;hasMembers||(hasMembers=true)){value=lex();if(value=="}"){break}if(hasMembers){if(value==","){value=lex();if(value=="}"){abort()}}else{abort()}}if(value==","||typeof value!="string"||(charIndexBuggy?value.charAt(0):value[0])!="@"||lex()!=":"){abort()}results[value.slice(1)]=get(lex())}return results}abort()}return value};var update=function(source,property,callback){var element=walk(source,property,callback);if(element===undef){delete source[property]}else{source[property]=element}};var walk=function(source,property,callback){var value=source[property],length;if(typeof value=="object"&&value){if(getClass.call(value)==arrayClass){for(length=value.length;length--;){update(value,length,callback)}}else{forEach(value,function(property){update(value,property,callback)})}}return callback.call(source,property,value)};JSON3.parse=function(source,callback){var result,value;Index=0;Source=""+source;result=get(lex());if(lex()!="$"){abort()}Index=Source=null;return callback&&getClass.call(callback)==functionClass?walk((value={},value[""]=result,value),"",callback):result}}}if(isLoader){define(function(){return JSON3})}})(this)},{}],48:[function(_dereq_,module,exports){module.exports=toArray;function toArray(list,index){var array=[];index=index||0;for(var i=index||0;i<list.length;i++){array[i-index]=list[i]}return array}},{}]},{},[1])(1)});
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/configuration.go b/configuration.go
index 989dbf02..4efd4db9 100644
--- a/configuration.go
+++ b/configuration.go
@@ -111,7 +111,7 @@ func WithoutServerError(errors ...error) Configurator {
 			return
 		}
 
-		errorsAsString := make([]string, len(errors), len(errors))
+		errorsAsString := make([]string, len(errors))
 		for i, e := range errors {
 			errorsAsString[i] = e.Error()
 		}
@@ -213,7 +213,7 @@ func WithCharset(charset string) Configurator {
 func WithRemoteAddrHeader(headerName string) Configurator {
 	return func(app *Application) {
 		if app.config.RemoteAddrHeaders == nil {
-			app.config.RemoteAddrHeaders = make(map[string]bool, 0)
+			app.config.RemoteAddrHeaders = make(map[string]bool)
 		}
 		app.config.RemoteAddrHeaders[headerName] = true
 	}
@@ -231,7 +231,7 @@ func WithRemoteAddrHeader(headerName string) Configurator {
 func WithoutRemoteAddrHeader(headerName string) Configurator {
 	return func(app *Application) {
 		if app.config.RemoteAddrHeaders == nil {
-			app.config.RemoteAddrHeaders = make(map[string]bool, 0)
+			app.config.RemoteAddrHeaders = make(map[string]bool)
 		}
 		app.config.RemoteAddrHeaders[headerName] = false
 	}
@@ -243,7 +243,7 @@ func WithoutRemoteAddrHeader(headerName string) Configurator {
 func WithOtherValue(key string, val interface{}) Configurator {
 	return func(app *Application) {
 		if app.config.Other == nil {
-			app.config.Other = make(map[string]interface{}, 0)
+			app.config.Other = make(map[string]interface{})
 		}
 		app.config.Other[key] = val
 	}
@@ -584,7 +584,7 @@ func WithConfiguration(c Configuration) Configurator {
 
 		if v := c.RemoteAddrHeaders; len(v) > 0 {
 			if main.RemoteAddrHeaders == nil {
-				main.RemoteAddrHeaders = make(map[string]bool, 0)
+				main.RemoteAddrHeaders = make(map[string]bool)
 			}
 			for key, value := range v {
 				main.RemoteAddrHeaders[key] = value
@@ -593,7 +593,7 @@ func WithConfiguration(c Configuration) Configurator {
 
 		if v := c.Other; len(v) > 0 {
 			if main.Other == nil {
-				main.Other = make(map[string]interface{}, 0)
+				main.Other = make(map[string]interface{})
 			}
 			for key, value := range v {
 				main.Other[key] = value
@@ -625,6 +625,6 @@ func DefaultConfiguration() Configuration {
 			"CF-Connecting-IP": false,
 		},
 		EnableOptimizations: false,
-		Other:               make(map[string]interface{}, 0),
+		Other:               make(map[string]interface{}),
 	}
 }
diff --git a/context.go b/context.go
index b428ab83..96d001a2 100644
--- a/context.go
+++ b/context.go
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ import (
 	"github.com/kataras/iris/context"
 	"github.com/kataras/iris/core/host"
 	"github.com/kataras/iris/core/router"
+	"github.com/kataras/iris/mvc"
 )
 
 // TODO: When go 1.9 will be released
@@ -16,9 +17,6 @@ import (
 // core/host/supervisor.go
 // context.go
 // _examples/hello-world/main_go19.go
-// _examples/routing/mvc/controllers/index_go19.go
-// _examples/routing/mvc/controllers/user_go19.go
-// _examples/routing/mvc/main_go19.go
 // _examples/tutorial/mvc-from-scratch/README.md
 type (
 	// Context is the midle-man server's "object" for the clients.
@@ -59,6 +57,7 @@ type (
 	//
 	// A shortcut for the `core/router#Party`, useful when `PartyFunc` is being used.
 	Party = router.Party
+
 	// Controller is the base controller for the high level controllers instances.
 	//
 	// This base controller is used as an alternative way of building
@@ -118,11 +117,11 @@ type (
 	//
 	// Look `core/router#APIBuilder#Controller` method too.
 	//
-	// A shortcut for the `core/router#Controller`,
+	// A shortcut for the `mvc#Controller`,
 	// useful when `app.Controller` is being used.
 	//
 	// A Controller can be declared by importing
-	// the "github.com/kataras/iris/core/router"
+	// the "github.com/kataras/iris/mvc"
 	// package for machines that have not installed go1.9 yet.
-	Controller = router.Controller
+	Controller = mvc.Controller
 )
diff --git a/context/context.go b/context/context.go
index 2aff0e6b..9d007182 100644
--- a/context/context.go
+++ b/context/context.go
@@ -887,8 +887,7 @@ func (ctx *context) Request() *http.Request {
 // It's used by the router, developers may use that
 // to replace and execute handlers immediately.
 func (ctx *context) Do(handlers Handlers) {
-	ctx.handlers = handlers
-	ctx.handlers[0](ctx)
+	Do(ctx, handlers)
 }
 
 // AddHandler can add handler(s)
@@ -1453,6 +1452,7 @@ func (ctx *context) Write(rawBody []byte) (int, error) {
 //
 // Returns the number of bytes written and any write error encountered.
 func (ctx *context) Writef(format string, a ...interface{}) (n int, err error) {
+	ctx.ContentType(contentTextHeaderValue)
 	return ctx.writer.Writef(format, a...)
 }
 
diff --git a/context/gzip_response_writer.go b/context/gzip_response_writer.go
index 6a44c63d..f29c78d1 100644
--- a/context/gzip_response_writer.go
+++ b/context/gzip_response_writer.go
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 package context
 
 import (
+	"fmt"
 	"io"
 	"sync"
 
@@ -50,6 +51,11 @@ func releaseGzipWriter(gzipWriter *gzip.Writer) {
 func writeGzip(w io.Writer, b []byte) (int, error) {
 	gzipWriter := acquireGzipWriter(w)
 	n, err := gzipWriter.Write(b)
+	if err != nil {
+		releaseGzipWriter(gzipWriter)
+		return -1, err
+	}
+	err = gzipWriter.Flush()
 	releaseGzipWriter(gzipWriter)
 	return n, err
 }
@@ -64,7 +70,6 @@ func AcquireGzipResponseWriter() *GzipResponseWriter {
 }
 
 func releaseGzipResponseWriter(w *GzipResponseWriter) {
-	releaseGzipWriter(w.gzipWriter)
 	gzpool.Put(w)
 }
 
@@ -74,9 +79,8 @@ func releaseGzipResponseWriter(w *GzipResponseWriter) {
 // went wrong with the response, and write http errors in plain form instead.
 type GzipResponseWriter struct {
 	ResponseWriter
-	gzipWriter *gzip.Writer
-	chunks     []byte
-	disabled   bool
+	chunks   []byte
+	disabled bool
 }
 
 var _ ResponseWriter = &GzipResponseWriter{}
@@ -87,7 +91,7 @@ var _ ResponseWriter = &GzipResponseWriter{}
 // to change the response writer type.
 func (w *GzipResponseWriter) BeginGzipResponse(underline ResponseWriter) {
 	w.ResponseWriter = underline
-	w.gzipWriter = acquireGzipWriter(w.ResponseWriter)
+
 	w.chunks = w.chunks[0:0]
 	w.disabled = false
 }
@@ -107,6 +111,19 @@ func (w *GzipResponseWriter) Write(contents []byte) (int, error) {
 	return len(w.chunks), nil
 }
 
+// Writef formats according to a format specifier and writes to the response.
+//
+// Returns the number of bytes written and any write error encountered.
+func (w *GzipResponseWriter) Writef(format string, a ...interface{}) (n int, err error) {
+	return fmt.Fprintf(w, format, a...)
+}
+
+// WriteString prepares the string data write to the gzip writer and finally to its
+// underline response writer, returns the uncompressed len(contents).
+func (w *GzipResponseWriter) WriteString(s string) (int, error) {
+	return w.Write([]byte(s))
+}
+
 // WriteNow compresses and writes that data to the underline response writer,
 // returns the compressed written len.
 //
@@ -116,17 +133,35 @@ func (w *GzipResponseWriter) Write(contents []byte) (int, error) {
 // after that, so that information is not closed to the handler anymore.
 func (w *GzipResponseWriter) WriteNow(contents []byte) (int, error) {
 	if w.disabled {
+		// type noOp struct{}
+		//
+		// func (n noOp) Write([]byte) (int, error) {
+		// 	return 0, nil
+		// }
+		//
+		// var noop = noOp{}
+		// problem solved with w.gzipWriter.Reset(noop):
+		//
+		// the below Write called multiple times but not from here,
+		// the gzip writer does something to the writer, even if we don't call the
+		// w.gzipWriter.Write it does call the underline http.ResponseWriter
+		// multiple times, and therefore it changes the content-length
+		// the problem that results to the #723.
+		//
+		// Or a better idea, acquire and adapt the gzip writer on-time when is not disabled.
+		// So that is not needed any more:
+		// w.gzipWriter.Reset(noop)
 		return w.ResponseWriter.Write(contents)
 	}
 
 	w.ResponseWriter.Header().Add(varyHeaderKey, "Accept-Encoding")
 	w.ResponseWriter.Header().Set(contentEncodingHeaderKey, "gzip")
+
 	// if not `WriteNow` but "Content-Length" header
 	// is exists, then delete it before `.Write`
 	// Content-Length should not be there.
 	// no, for now at least: w.ResponseWriter.Header().Del(contentLengthHeaderKey)
-
-	return w.gzipWriter.Write(contents)
+	return writeGzip(w.ResponseWriter, contents)
 }
 
 // FlushResponse validates the response headers in order to be compatible with the gzip written data
diff --git a/core/router/api_builder.go b/core/router/api_builder.go
index 28c1bc07..2631df86 100644
--- a/core/router/api_builder.go
+++ b/core/router/api_builder.go
@@ -10,11 +10,12 @@ import (
 	"github.com/kataras/iris/context"
 	"github.com/kataras/iris/core/errors"
 	"github.com/kataras/iris/core/router/macro"
+	"github.com/kataras/iris/mvc/activator"
 )
 
 const (
 	// MethodNone is a Virtual method
-	// to store the "offline" routes
+	// to store the "offline" routes.
 	MethodNone = "NONE"
 )
 
@@ -172,6 +173,36 @@ func (api *APIBuilder) Handle(method string, relativePath string, handlers ...co
 	return r
 }
 
+// HandleMany works like `Handle` but can receive more than one
+// paths separated by spaces and returns always a slice of *Route instead of a single instance of Route.
+//
+// It's useful only if the same handler can handle more than one request paths,
+// otherwise use `Party` which can handle many paths with different handlers and middlewares.
+//
+// Usage:
+// 	app.HandleMany(iris.MethodGet, "/user /user/{id:int} /user/me", userHandler)
+// At the other side, with `Handle` we've had to write:
+// 	app.Handle(iris.MethodGet, "/user", userHandler)
+// 	app.Handle(iris.MethodGet, "/user/{id:int}", userByIDHandler)
+// 	app.Handle(iris.MethodGet, "/user/me", userMeHandler)
+//
+// This method is used behind the scenes at the `Controller` function
+// in order to handle more than one paths for the same controller instance.
+func (api *APIBuilder) HandleMany(method string, relativePath string, handlers ...context.Handler) (routes []*Route) {
+	trimmedPath := strings.Trim(relativePath, " ")
+	// at least slash
+	// a space
+	// at least one other slash for the next path
+	// app.Controller("/user /user{id}", new(UserController))
+	paths := strings.Split(trimmedPath, " ")
+	for _, p := range paths {
+		if p != "" {
+			routes = append(routes, api.Handle(method, p, handlers...))
+		}
+	}
+	return
+}
+
 // Party is just a group joiner of routes which have the same prefix and share same middleware(s) also.
 // Party could also be named as 'Join' or 'Node' or 'Group' , Party chosen because it is fun.
 func (api *APIBuilder) Party(relativePath string, handlers ...context.Handler) Party {
@@ -400,15 +431,13 @@ func (api *APIBuilder) Trace(relativePath string, handlers ...context.Handler) *
 
 // Any registers a route for ALL of the http methods
 // (Get,Post,Put,Head,Patch,Options,Connect,Delete).
-func (api *APIBuilder) Any(relativePath string, handlers ...context.Handler) []*Route {
-	routes := make([]*Route, len(AllMethods), len(AllMethods))
-
-	for i, k := range AllMethods {
-		r := api.Handle(k, relativePath, handlers...)
-		routes[i] = r
+func (api *APIBuilder) Any(relativePath string, handlers ...context.Handler) (routes []*Route) {
+	for _, m := range AllMethods {
+		r := api.HandleMany(m, relativePath, handlers...)
+		routes = append(routes, r...)
 	}
 
-	return routes
+	return
 }
 
 // Controller registers a `Controller` instance and returns the registered Routes.
@@ -418,11 +447,15 @@ func (api *APIBuilder) Any(relativePath string, handlers ...context.Handler) []*
 // It's just an alternative way of building an API for a specific
 // path, the controller can register all type of http methods.
 //
-// Keep note that this method is a bit slow
+// Keep note that controllers are bit slow
 // because of the reflection use however it's as fast as possible because
 // it does preparation before the serve-time handler but still
 // remains slower than the low-level handlers
-// such as `Handle, Get, Post, Put, Delete, Connect, Head, Trace, Patch` .
+// such as `Handle, Get, Post, Put, Delete, Connect, Head, Trace, Patch`.
+//
+//
+// All fields that are tagged with iris:"persistence"` or binded
+// are being persistence and kept the same between the different requests.
 //
 // An Example Controller can be:
 //
@@ -439,38 +472,53 @@ func (api *APIBuilder) Any(relativePath string, handlers ...context.Handler) []*
 // Usage: app.Controller("/", new(IndexController))
 //
 //
-// Another example with persistence data:
+// Another example with bind:
 //
 // type UserController struct {
 // 	Controller
 //
-// 	CreatedAt time.Time `iris:"persistence"`
-// 	Title     string    `iris:"persistence"`
-// 	DB        *DB		`iris:"persistence"`
+// 	DB        *DB
+// 	CreatedAt time.Time
+//
 // }
 //
 // // Get serves using the User controller when HTTP Method is "GET".
 // func (c *UserController) Get() {
 // 	c.Tmpl = "user/index.html"
-// 	c.Data["title"] = c.Title
+// 	c.Data["title"] = "User Page"
 // 	c.Data["username"] = "kataras " + c.Params.Get("userid")
 // 	c.Data["connstring"] = c.DB.Connstring
 // 	c.Data["uptime"] = time.Now().Sub(c.CreatedAt).Seconds()
 // }
 //
-// Usage: app.Controller("/user/{id:int}", &UserController{
-// 	CreatedAt: time.Now(),
-// 	Title: "User page",
-// 	DB: yourDB,
-// })
+// Usage: app.Controller("/user/{id:int}", new(UserController), db, time.Now())
 //
-// Read more at `router#Controller`.
-func (api *APIBuilder) Controller(relativePath string, controller interface{}) []*Route {
-	routes, err := registerController(api, relativePath, controller)
+// Read more at `/mvc#Controller`.
+func (api *APIBuilder) Controller(relativePath string, controller activator.BaseController,
+	bindValues ...interface{}) (routes []*Route) {
+	registerFunc := func(method string, handler context.Handler) {
+		if method == "ANY" || method == "ALL" {
+			routes = api.Any(relativePath, handler)
+		} else {
+			routes = append(routes, api.HandleMany(method, relativePath, handler)...)
+		}
+	}
+
+	// bind any values to the controller's relative fields
+	// and set them on each new request controller,
+	// binder is an alternative method
+	// of the persistence data control which requires the
+	// user already set the values manually to controller's fields
+	// and tag them with `iris:"persistence"`.
+	//
+	// don't worry it will never be handled if empty values.
+	err := activator.Register(controller, bindValues, nil, registerFunc)
+
 	if err != nil {
 		api.reporter.Add("%v for path: '%s'", err, relativePath)
 	}
-	return routes
+
+	return
 }
 
 // StaticCacheDuration expiration duration for INACTIVE file handlers, it's the only one global configuration
diff --git a/core/router/controller.go b/core/router/controller.go
deleted file mode 100644
index 4d89f78a..00000000
--- a/core/router/controller.go
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,290 +0,0 @@
-package router
-
-import (
-	"reflect"
-	"strings"
-
-	"github.com/kataras/iris/context"
-	"github.com/kataras/iris/core/errors"
-)
-
-// Controller is the base controller for the high level controllers instances.
-//
-// This base controller is used as an alternative way of building
-// APIs, the controller can register all type of http methods.
-//
-// Keep note that controllers are bit slow
-// because of the reflection use however it's as fast as possible because
-// it does preparation before the serve-time handler but still
-// remains slower than the low-level handlers
-// such as `Handle, Get, Post, Put, Delete, Connect, Head, Trace, Patch`.
-//
-//
-// All fields that are tagged with iris:"persistence"`
-// are being persistence and kept between the different requests,
-// meaning that these data will not be reset-ed on each new request,
-// they will be the same for all requests.
-//
-// An Example Controller can be:
-//
-// type IndexController struct {
-// 	Controller
-// }
-//
-// func (c *IndexController) Get() {
-// 	c.Tmpl = "index.html"
-// 	c.Data["title"] = "Index page"
-// 	c.Data["message"] = "Hello world!"
-// }
-//
-// Usage: app.Controller("/", new(IndexController))
-//
-//
-// Another example with persistence data:
-//
-// type UserController struct {
-// 	Controller
-//
-// 	CreatedAt time.Time `iris:"persistence"`
-// 	Title     string    `iris:"persistence"`
-// 	DB        *DB		`iris:"persistence"`
-// }
-//
-// // Get serves using the User controller when HTTP Method is "GET".
-// func (c *UserController) Get() {
-// 	c.Tmpl = "user/index.html"
-// 	c.Data["title"] = c.Title
-// 	c.Data["username"] = "kataras " + c.Params.Get("userid")
-// 	c.Data["connstring"] = c.DB.Connstring
-// 	c.Data["uptime"] = time.Now().Sub(c.CreatedAt).Seconds()
-// }
-//
-// Usage: app.Controller("/user/{id:int}", &UserController{
-// 	CreatedAt: time.Now(),
-// 	Title: "User page",
-// 	DB: yourDB,
-// })
-//
-// Look `router#APIBuilder#Controller` method too.
-type Controller struct {
-	// path params.
-	Params *context.RequestParams
-
-	// view properties.
-	Layout string
-	Tmpl   string
-	Data   map[string]interface{}
-
-	// give access to the request context itself.
-	Ctx context.Context
-}
-
-// all lowercase, so user can see only the fields
-// that are necessary to him/her, do not confuse that
-// with the optional custom `Init` of the higher-level Controller.
-func (b *Controller) init(ctx context.Context) {
-	b.Ctx = ctx
-	b.Params = ctx.Params()
-	b.Data = make(map[string]interface{}, 0)
-}
-
-func (b *Controller) exec() {
-	if v := b.Tmpl; v != "" {
-		if l := b.Layout; l != "" {
-			b.Ctx.ViewLayout(l)
-		}
-		if d := b.Data; d != nil {
-			for key, value := range d {
-				b.Ctx.ViewData(key, value)
-			}
-		}
-		b.Ctx.View(v)
-	}
-}
-
-var (
-	// ErrInvalidControllerType is a static error which fired from `Controller` when
-	// the passed "c" instnace is not a valid type of `Controller`.
-	ErrInvalidControllerType = errors.New("controller should have a field of Controller type")
-)
-
-// get the field name at compile-time,
-// will help us to catch any unexpected results on future versions.
-var baseControllerName = reflect.TypeOf(Controller{}).Name()
-
-// registers a controller to a specific `Party`.
-// Consumed by `APIBuilder#Controller` function.
-func registerController(p Party, path string, c interface{}) ([]*Route, error) {
-	typ := reflect.TypeOf(c)
-
-	if typ.Kind() != reflect.Ptr {
-		typ = reflect.PtrTo(typ)
-	}
-
-	elem := typ.Elem()
-
-	// check if "c" has the "Controller" typeof `Controller` field.
-	b, has := elem.FieldByName(baseControllerName)
-	if !has {
-		return nil, ErrInvalidControllerType
-	}
-
-	baseControllerFieldIndex := b.Index[0]
-	persistenceFields := make(map[int]reflect.Value, 0)
-
-	if numField := elem.NumField(); numField > 1 {
-		val := reflect.Indirect(reflect.ValueOf(c))
-
-		for i := 0; i < numField; i++ {
-			f := elem.Field(i)
-			valF := val.Field(i)
-			// catch persistence data by tags, i.e:
-			// MyData string `iris:"persistence"`
-			if t, ok := f.Tag.Lookup("iris"); ok {
-				if t == "persistence" {
-					persistenceFields[i] = reflect.ValueOf(valF.Interface())
-					continue
-				}
-			}
-
-			// no: , lets have only the tag
-			// even for pointers, this will make
-			// things clear
-			// so a *Session can be declared
-			// without having to introduce
-			// a new tag such as `iris:"omit_persistence"`
-			// old:
-			// catch persistence data by pointer, i.e:
-			// DB *Database
-			// if f.Type.Kind() == reflect.Ptr {
-			// 	if !valF.IsNil() {
-			// 		persistenceFields[i] = reflect.ValueOf(valF.Interface())
-			// 	}
-			// }
-		}
-	}
-
-	customInitFuncIndex, _ := getCustomFuncIndex(typ, customInitFuncNames...)
-	customEndFuncIndex, _ := getCustomFuncIndex(typ, customEndFuncNames...)
-
-	// check if has Any() or All()
-	// if yes, then register all http methods and
-	// exit.
-	m, has := typ.MethodByName("Any")
-	if !has {
-		m, has = typ.MethodByName("All")
-	}
-	if has {
-		routes := p.Any(path,
-			controllerToHandler(elem, persistenceFields,
-				baseControllerFieldIndex, m.Index, customInitFuncIndex, customEndFuncIndex))
-		return routes, nil
-	}
-
-	var routes []*Route
-	// else search the entire controller
-	// for any compatible method function
-	// and register that.
-	for _, method := range AllMethods {
-		httpMethodFuncName := strings.Title(strings.ToLower(method))
-
-		m, has := typ.MethodByName(httpMethodFuncName)
-		if !has {
-			continue
-		}
-
-		httpMethodIndex := m.Index
-
-		r := p.Handle(method, path,
-			controllerToHandler(elem, persistenceFields,
-				baseControllerFieldIndex, httpMethodIndex, customInitFuncIndex, customEndFuncIndex))
-		routes = append(routes, r)
-	}
-	return routes, nil
-}
-
-func controllerToHandler(elem reflect.Type, persistenceFields map[int]reflect.Value,
-	baseControllerFieldIndex, httpMethodIndex, customInitFuncIndex, customEndFuncIndex int) context.Handler {
-	return func(ctx context.Context) {
-		// create a new controller instance of that type(>ptr).
-		c := reflect.New(elem)
-
-		// get the responsible method.
-		// Remember:
-		// To improve the performance
-		// we don't compare the ctx.Method()[HTTP Method]
-		// to the instance's Method, each handler is registered
-		// to a specific http method.
-		methodFunc := c.Method(httpMethodIndex)
-
-		// get the Controller embedded field.
-		b, _ := c.Elem().Field(baseControllerFieldIndex).Addr().Interface().(*Controller)
-
-		if len(persistenceFields) > 0 {
-			elem := c.Elem()
-			for index, value := range persistenceFields {
-				elem.Field(index).Set(value)
-			}
-		}
-
-		// init the new controller instance.
-		b.init(ctx)
-
-		// call the higher "Init/BeginRequest(ctx context.Context)",
-		// if exists.
-		if customInitFuncIndex >= 0 {
-			callCustomFuncHandler(ctx, c, customInitFuncIndex)
-		}
-
-		// if custom Init didn't stop the execution of the
-		// context
-		if !ctx.IsStopped() {
-			// execute the responsible method for that handler.
-			methodFunc.Interface().(func())()
-		}
-
-		if !ctx.IsStopped() {
-			// call the higher "Done/EndRequest(ctx context.Context)",
-			// if exists.
-			if customEndFuncIndex >= 0 {
-				callCustomFuncHandler(ctx, c, customEndFuncIndex)
-			}
-		}
-
-		// finally, execute the controller.
-		b.exec()
-	}
-}
-
-// Useful when more than one methods are using the same
-// request data.
-var (
-	// customInitFuncNames can be used as custom functions
-	// to init the new instance of controller
-	// that is created on each new request.
-	// One of these is valid, no both.
-	customInitFuncNames = []string{"Init", "BeginRequest"}
-	// customEndFuncNames can be used as custom functions
-	// to action when the method handler has been finished,
-	// this is the last step before server send the response to the client.
-	// One of these is valid, no both.
-	customEndFuncNames = []string{"Done", "EndRequest"}
-)
-
-func getCustomFuncIndex(typ reflect.Type, funcNames ...string) (initFuncIndex int, has bool) {
-	for _, customInitFuncName := range funcNames {
-		if m, has := typ.MethodByName(customInitFuncName); has {
-			return m.Index, has
-		}
-	}
-
-	return -1, false
-}
-
-// the "cServeTime" is a new "c" instance
-// which is being used at serve time, inside the Handler.
-// it calls the custom function (can be "Init", "BeginRequest", "End" and "EndRequest"),
-// the check of this function made at build time, so it's a safe a call.
-func callCustomFuncHandler(ctx context.Context, cServeTime reflect.Value, initFuncIndex int) {
-	cServeTime.Method(initFuncIndex).Interface().(func(ctx context.Context))(ctx)
-}
diff --git a/core/router/controller_test.go b/core/router/controller_test.go
deleted file mode 100644
index 1b084a69..00000000
--- a/core/router/controller_test.go
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,152 +0,0 @@
-// black-box testing
-package router_test
-
-import (
-	"testing"
-
-	"github.com/kataras/iris"
-	"github.com/kataras/iris/context"
-	"github.com/kataras/iris/core/router"
-
-	"github.com/kataras/iris/httptest"
-)
-
-type testController struct {
-	router.Controller
-}
-
-var writeMethod = func(c router.Controller) {
-	c.Ctx.Writef(c.Ctx.Method())
-}
-
-func (c *testController) Get() {
-	writeMethod(c.Controller)
-}
-func (c *testController) Post() {
-	writeMethod(c.Controller)
-}
-func (c *testController) Put() {
-	writeMethod(c.Controller)
-}
-func (c *testController) Delete() {
-	writeMethod(c.Controller)
-}
-func (c *testController) Connect() {
-	writeMethod(c.Controller)
-}
-func (c *testController) Head() {
-	writeMethod(c.Controller)
-}
-func (c *testController) Patch() {
-	writeMethod(c.Controller)
-}
-func (c *testController) Options() {
-	writeMethod(c.Controller)
-}
-func (c *testController) Trace() {
-	writeMethod(c.Controller)
-}
-
-type (
-	testControllerAll struct{ router.Controller }
-	testControllerAny struct{ router.Controller } // exactly same as All
-)
-
-func (c *testControllerAll) All() {
-	writeMethod(c.Controller)
-}
-
-func (c *testControllerAny) All() {
-	writeMethod(c.Controller)
-}
-
-func TestControllerMethodFuncs(t *testing.T) {
-	app := iris.New()
-	app.Controller("/", new(testController))
-	app.Controller("/all", new(testControllerAll))
-	app.Controller("/any", new(testControllerAny))
-
-	e := httptest.New(t, app)
-	for _, method := range router.AllMethods {
-
-		e.Request(method, "/").Expect().Status(httptest.StatusOK).
-			Body().Equal(method)
-
-		e.Request(method, "/all").Expect().Status(httptest.StatusOK).
-			Body().Equal(method)
-
-		e.Request(method, "/any").Expect().Status(httptest.StatusOK).
-			Body().Equal(method)
-	}
-}
-
-type testControllerPersistence struct {
-	router.Controller
-	Data string `iris:"persistence"`
-}
-
-func (t *testControllerPersistence) Get() {
-	t.Ctx.WriteString(t.Data)
-}
-
-func TestControllerPersistenceFields(t *testing.T) {
-	data := "this remains the same for all requests"
-	app := iris.New()
-	app.Controller("/", &testControllerPersistence{Data: data})
-	e := httptest.New(t, app)
-	e.GET("/").Expect().Status(httptest.StatusOK).
-		Body().Equal(data)
-}
-
-type testControllerBeginAndEndRequestFunc struct {
-	router.Controller
-
-	Username string
-}
-
-// called before of every method (Get() or Post()).
-//
-// useful when more than one methods using the
-// same request values or context's function calls.
-func (t *testControllerBeginAndEndRequestFunc) BeginRequest(ctx context.Context) {
-	t.Username = ctx.Params().Get("username")
-	// or t.Params.Get("username") because the
-	// t.Ctx == ctx and is being initialized before this "BeginRequest"
-}
-
-// called after every method (Get() or Post()).
-func (t *testControllerBeginAndEndRequestFunc) EndRequest(ctx context.Context) {
-	ctx.Writef("done") // append "done" to the response
-}
-
-func (t *testControllerBeginAndEndRequestFunc) Get() {
-	t.Ctx.Writef(t.Username)
-}
-
-func (t *testControllerBeginAndEndRequestFunc) Post() {
-	t.Ctx.Writef(t.Username)
-}
-
-func TestControllerBeginAndEndRequestFunc(t *testing.T) {
-	app := iris.New()
-	app.Controller("/profile/{username}", new(testControllerBeginAndEndRequestFunc))
-
-	e := httptest.New(t, app)
-	usernames := []string{
-		"kataras",
-		"makis",
-		"efi",
-		"rg",
-		"bill",
-		"whoisyourdaddy",
-	}
-	doneResponse := "done"
-
-	for _, username := range usernames {
-		e.GET("/profile/" + username).Expect().Status(httptest.StatusOK).
-			Body().Equal(username + doneResponse)
-		e.POST("/profile/" + username).Expect().Status(httptest.StatusOK).
-			Body().Equal(username + doneResponse)
-	}
-
-}
diff --git a/core/router/party.go b/core/router/party.go
index 4e4c42f4..283b6817 100644
--- a/core/router/party.go
+++ b/core/router/party.go
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ package router
 
 import (
 	"github.com/kataras/iris/context"
+	"github.com/kataras/iris/mvc/activator"
 )
 
 // Party is here to separate the concept of
@@ -51,6 +52,22 @@ type Party interface {
 	//
 	// Returns the read-only route information.
 	Handle(method string, registeredPath string, handlers ...context.Handler) *Route
+	// HandleMany works like `Handle` but can receive more than one
+	// paths separated by spaces and returns always a slice of *Route instead of a single instance of Route.
+	//
+	// It's useful only if the same handler can handle more than one request paths,
+	// otherwise use `Party` which can handle many paths with different handlers and middlewares.
+	//
+	// Usage:
+	// 	app.HandleMany(iris.MethodGet, "/user /user/{id:int} /user/me", userHandler)
+	// At the other side, with `Handle` we've had to write:
+	// 	app.Handle(iris.MethodGet, "/user", userHandler)
+	// 	app.Handle(iris.MethodGet, "/user/{id:int}", userByIDHandler)
+	// 	app.Handle(iris.MethodGet, "/user/me", userMeHandler)
+	//
+	// This method is used behind the scenes at the `Controller` function
+	// in order to handle more than one paths for the same controller instance.
+	HandleMany(method string, relativePath string, handlers ...context.Handler) []*Route
 
 	// None registers an "offline" route
 	// see context.ExecRoute(routeName) and
@@ -107,11 +124,15 @@ type Party interface {
 	// It's just an alternative way of building an API for a specific
 	// path, the controller can register all type of http methods.
 	//
-	// Keep note that this method is a bit slow
+	// Keep note that controllers are bit slow
 	// because of the reflection use however it's as fast as possible because
 	// it does preparation before the serve-time handler but still
 	// remains slower than the low-level handlers
-	// such as `Handle, Get, Post, Put, Delete, Connect, Head, Trace, Patch` .
+	// such as `Handle, Get, Post, Put, Delete, Connect, Head, Trace, Patch`.
+	//
+	//
+	// All fields that are tagged with iris:"persistence"` or binded
+	// are being persistence and kept the same between the different requests.
 	//
 	// An Example Controller can be:
 	//
@@ -128,33 +149,29 @@ type Party interface {
 	// Usage: app.Controller("/", new(IndexController))
 	//
 	//
-	// Another example with persistence data:
+	// Another example with bind:
 	//
 	// type UserController struct {
 	// 	Controller
 	//
-	// 	CreatedAt time.Time `iris:"persistence"`
-	// 	Title     string    `iris:"persistence"`
-	// 	DB        *DB		`iris:"persistence"`
+	// 	DB        *DB
+	// 	CreatedAt time.Time
+	//
 	// }
 	//
 	// // Get serves using the User controller when HTTP Method is "GET".
 	// func (c *UserController) Get() {
 	// 	c.Tmpl = "user/index.html"
-	// 	c.Data["title"] = c.Title
+	// 	c.Data["title"] = "User Page"
 	// 	c.Data["username"] = "kataras " + c.Params.Get("userid")
 	// 	c.Data["connstring"] = c.DB.Connstring
 	// 	c.Data["uptime"] = time.Now().Sub(c.CreatedAt).Seconds()
 	// }
 	//
-	// Usage: app.Controller("/user/{id:int}", &UserController{
-	// 	CreatedAt: time.Now(),
-	// 	Title: "User page",
-	// 	DB: yourDB,
-	// })
+	// Usage: app.Controller("/user/{id:int}", new(UserController), db, time.Now())
 	//
-	// Read more at `router#Controller`.
-	Controller(relativePath string, controller interface{}) []*Route
+	// Read more at `/mvc#Controller`.
+	Controller(relativePath string, controller activator.BaseController, bindValues ...interface{}) []*Route
 
 	// StaticHandler returns a new Handler which is ready
 	// to serve all kind of static files.
diff --git a/core/router/status.go b/core/router/status.go
index 8da0d4a4..9909dc35 100644
--- a/core/router/status.go
+++ b/core/router/status.go
@@ -39,6 +39,7 @@ func (ch *ErrorCodeHandler) Fire(ctx context.Context) {
 			return
 		}
 	}
+
 	// ctx.StopExecution() // not uncomment this, is here to remember why to.
 	// note for me: I don't stopping the execution of the other handlers
 	// because may the user want to add a fallback error code
diff --git a/doc.go b/doc.go
index d5532561..890be75f 100644
--- a/doc.go
+++ b/doc.go
@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ Source code and other details for the project are available at GitHub:
 
 Current Version
 
-8.2.6
+8.3.0
 
 Installation
 
@@ -680,11 +680,108 @@ Example code:
     }
 
 
-Controllers
+MVC - Model View Controller
 
-It's very easy to get started, the only function you need to call
-instead of `app.Get/Post/Put/Delete/Connect/Head/Patch/Options/Trace`
-is the `app.Controller`.
+Iris has first-class support for the MVC pattern, you'll not find
+these stuff anywhere else in the Go world.
+
+Example Code
+
+    package main
+
+    import (
+        "github.com/kataras/iris"
+        "github.com/kataras/iris/mvc"
+
+        "github.com/kataras/iris/middleware/logger"
+        "github.com/kataras/iris/middleware/recover"
+    )
+
+    // This example is equivalent to the
+    // https://github.com/kataras/iris/blob/master/_examples/hello-world/main.go
+    //
+    // It seems that additional code you
+    // have to write doesn't worth it
+    // but remember that, this example
+    // does not make use of iris mvc features like
+    // the Model, Persistence or the View engine neither the Session,
+    // it's very simple for learning purposes,
+    // probably you'll never use such
+    // as simple controller anywhere in your app.
+
+    func main() {
+        app := iris.New()
+        // Optionally, add two built'n handlers
+        // that can recover from any http-relative panics
+        // and log the requests to the terminal.
+        app.Use(recover.New())
+        app.Use(logger.New())
+
+        app.Controller("/", new(IndexController))
+        app.Controller("/ping", new(PingController))
+        app.Controller("/hello", new(HelloController))
+
+        // http://localhost:8080
+        // http://localhost:8080/ping
+        // http://localhost:8080/hello
+        app.Run(iris.Addr(":8080"))
+    }
+
+    // IndexController serves the "/".
+    type IndexController struct {
+        // if you build with go1.9 you can omit the import of mvc package
+        // and just use `iris.Controller` instead.
+        mvc.Controller
+    }
+
+    // Get serves
+    // Method:   GET
+    // Resource: http://localhost:8080/
+    func (c *IndexController) Get() {
+        c.Ctx.HTML("<b>Welcome!</b>")
+    }
+
+    // PingController serves the "/ping".
+    type PingController struct {
+        mvc.Controller
+    }
+
+    // Get serves
+    // Method:   GET
+    // Resource: http://context:8080/ping
+    func (c *PingController) Get() {
+        c.Ctx.WriteString("pong")
+    }
+
+    // HelloController serves the "/hello".
+    type HelloController struct {
+        mvc.Controller
+    }
+
+    // Get serves
+    // Method:   GET
+    // Resource: http://localhost:8080/hello
+    func (c *HelloController) Get() {
+        c.Ctx.JSON(iris.Map{"message": "Hello iris web framework."})
+    }
+
+    // Can use more than one, the factory will make sure
+    // that the correct http methods are being registered for each route
+    // for this controller, uncomment these if you want:
+
+    // func (c *HelloController) Post() {}
+    // func (c *HelloController) Put() {}
+    // func (c *HelloController) Delete() {}
+    // func (c *HelloController) Connect() {}
+    // func (c *HelloController) Head() {}
+    // func (c *HelloController) Patch() {}
+    // func (c *HelloController) Options() {}
+    // func (c *HelloController) Trace() {}
+    // or All() or Any() to catch all http methods.
+
+
+Iris web framework supports Request data, Models, Persistence Data and Binding
+with the fastest possible execution.
 
 Characteristics:
 
@@ -693,9 +790,14 @@ then the controller should have a function named `Get()`,
 you can define more than one method function to serve in the same Controller struct.
 
 Persistence data inside your Controller struct (share data between requests)
-via `iris:"persistence"` tag right to the field.
+via `iris:"persistence"` tag right to the field or Bind using `app.Controller("/" , new(myController), theBindValue)`.
 
-Access to the request path parameters via the `Params` field.
+Models inside your Controller struct (set-ed at the Method function and rendered by the View)
+via `iris:"model"` tag right to the field, i.e User UserModel `iris:"model" name:"user"`
+view will recognise it as `{{.user}}`.
+If `name` tag is missing then it takes the field's name, in this case the `"User"`.
+
+Access to the request path and its parameters via the `Path and Params` fields.
 
 Access to the template file that should be rendered via the `Tmpl` field.
 
@@ -709,65 +811,31 @@ Access to the low-level `context.Context` via the `Ctx` field.
 Flow as you used to, `Controllers` can be registered to any `Party`,
 including Subdomains, the Party's begin and done handlers work as expected.
 
-Optional `Init(ctx) or BeginRequest(ctx)` function to perform any initialization before the methods,
+Optional `BeginRequest(ctx)` function to perform any initialization before the method execution,
 useful to call middlewares or when many methods use the same collection of data.
 
-Optional `Done(ctx) or EndRequest(ctx)` function to perform any finalization after the methods executed.
+Optional `EndRequest(ctx)` function to perform any finalization after any method executed.
 
-Example Code:
+Inheritance, see for example our `mvc.SessionController`, it has the `mvc.Controller` as an embedded field
+and it adds its logic to its `BeginRequest`. Source file: https://github.com/kataras/iris/blob/master/mvc/session_controller.go.
 
+Using Iris MVC for code reuse
 
-    // file: main.go
+By creating components that are independent of one another,
+developers are able to reuse components quickly and easily in other applications.
+The same (or similar) view for one application can be refactored for another application with
+different data because the view is simply handling how the data is being displayed to the user.
 
-    package main
+If you're new to back-end web development read about the MVC architectural pattern first,
+a good start is that wikipedia article: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Model%E2%80%93view%E2%80%93controller.
 
-    import (
-        "github.com/kataras/iris"
+Follow the examples below,
 
-        "controllers"
-    )
+- Hello world: https://github.com/kataras/iris/blob/master/_examples/mvc/hello-world/main.go
 
-    func main() {
-        app := iris.New()
-        app.RegisterView(iris.HTML("./views", ".html"))
+- Session Controller usage: https://github.com/kataras/iris/blob/master/_examples/mvc/session-controller/main.go
 
-        app.Controller("/", new(controllers.Index))
-
-        // http://localhost:8080/
-        app.Run(iris.Addr(":8080"))
-    }
-
-
-    // file: controllers/index.go
-
-    package controllers
-
-    import (
-        "github.com/kataras/iris/core/router"
-    )
-
-    // Index is our index example controller.
-    type Index struct {
-        router.Controller
-        // if you're using go1.9:
-        // you can omit the /core/router import statement
-        // and just use the `iris.Controller` instead.
-    }
-
-    // will handle GET method on http://localhost:8080/
-    func (c *Index) Get() {
-        c.Tmpl = "index.html"
-        c.Data["title"] = "Index page"
-        c.Data["message"] = "Hello world!"
-    }
-
-    // will handle POST method on http://localhost:8080/
-    func (c *Index) Post() {}
-
-
-Tip: declare a func(c *Index) All() {} or Any() to register all HTTP Methods.
-
-A full example can be found at: https://github.com/kataras/iris/tree/master/_examples/routing/mvc.
+- A simple but featured Controller with model and views: https://github.com/kataras/iris/tree/master/_examples/mvc/controller-with-model-and-view
 
 
 Parameterized Path
diff --git a/faq.md b/faq.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..a53d75d6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/faq.md
@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+## How to upgrade
+
+```sh
+go get -u github.com/kataras/iris
+```
+
+## Active development mode
+
+Many ideas to implement but no breaking changes.
+
+https://github.com/kataras/iris/issues/722
+
+## Can I found a job if I learn how to use Iris?
+
+Yes, not only because you will learn Golang in the same time, but there are some positions
+open for Iris-specific developers the time we speak.
+
+- https://glints.id/opportunities/jobs/5553
+
+## Can Iris be used in production after Dubai purchase?
+
+Yes, now more than ever.
+
+https://github.com/kataras/iris/issues/711
+
+## Do we have a community Chat?
+
+Yes, https://kataras.rocket.chat/channel/iris.
+
+https://github.com/kataras/iris/issues/646
+
+## How this open-source project still active and shine?
+
+By normal people like you, who help us by donating small or larger amounts of money.
+
+Help this project to continue deliver awesome and unique features with the higher code quality as possible by donating any amount.
+
+[![](https://www.paypalobjects.com/en_US/i/btn/btn_donateCC_LG.gif)](https://www.paypal.com/cgi-bin/webscr?cmd=_donations&business=kataras2006%40hotmail%2ecom&lc=GR&item_name=Iris%20web%20framework&item_number=iriswebframeworkdonationid2016&currency_code=EUR&bn=PP%2dDonationsBF%3abtn_donateCC_LG%2egif%3aNonHosted)
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/iris.go b/iris.go
index a3233b95..f115c248 100644
--- a/iris.go
+++ b/iris.go
@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ import (
 
 const (
 	// Version is the current version number of the Iris Web Framework.
-	Version = "8.2.6"
+	Version = "8.3.0"
 )
 
 // HTTP status codes as registered with IANA.
@@ -383,7 +383,7 @@ func (app *Application) NewHost(srv *http.Server) *host.Supervisor {
 	if srv.Addr == "" {
 		srv.Addr = ":8080"
 	}
-	app.logger.Debugf("HTTP Server Addr: %s", srv.Addr)
+	app.logger.Debugf("Host: addr is %s", srv.Addr)
 
 	// create the new host supervisor
 	// bind the constructed server and return it
@@ -399,25 +399,25 @@ func (app *Application) NewHost(srv *http.Server) *host.Supervisor {
 		app.config.vhost = netutil.ResolveVHost(srv.Addr)
 	}
 
-	app.logger.Debugf("VHost: %s", app.config.vhost)
+	app.logger.Debugf("Host: virtual host is %s", app.config.vhost)
 
 	// the below schedules some tasks that will run among the server
 
 	if !app.config.DisableStartupLog {
 		// show the available info to exit from app.
 		su.RegisterOnServe(host.WriteStartupLogOnServe(app.logger.Printer.Output)) // app.logger.Writer -> Info
-		app.logger.Debugf("Host: Register startup notifier")
+		app.logger.Debugf("Host: register startup notifier")
 	}
 
 	if !app.config.DisableInterruptHandler {
 		// when CTRL+C/CMD+C pressed.
 		shutdownTimeout := 5 * time.Second
 		host.RegisterOnInterrupt(host.ShutdownOnInterrupt(su, shutdownTimeout))
-		app.logger.Debugf("Host: Register server shutdown on interrupt(CTRL+C/CMD+C)")
+		app.logger.Debugf("Host: register server shutdown on interrupt(CTRL+C/CMD+C)")
 	}
 
 	su.IgnoredErrors = append(su.IgnoredErrors, app.config.IgnoreServerErrors...)
-	app.logger.Debugf("Host: Server will ignore the following errors: %s", su.IgnoredErrors)
+	app.logger.Debugf("Host: server will ignore the following errors: %s", su.IgnoredErrors)
 	su.Configure(app.hostConfigurators...)
 
 	app.Hosts = append(app.Hosts, su)
@@ -608,7 +608,7 @@ func (app *Application) Build() error {
 		}
 
 		if app.view.Len() > 0 {
-			app.logger.Debugf("%d registered view engine(s)", app.view.Len())
+			app.logger.Debugf("Application: %d registered view engine(s)", app.view.Len())
 			// view engine
 			// here is where we declare the closed-relative framework functions.
 			// Each engine has their defaults, i.e yield,render,render_r,partial, params...
@@ -651,7 +651,7 @@ func (app *Application) Run(serve Runner, withOrWithout ...Configurator) error {
 	}
 
 	app.Configure(withOrWithout...)
-	app.logger.Debugf("Application:  running using %d host(s)", len(app.Hosts)+1)
+	app.logger.Debugf("Application: running using %d host(s)", len(app.Hosts)+1)
 
 	if !app.config.DisableVersionChecker && app.logger.Level != golog.DisableLevel {
 		go CheckVersion()
diff --git a/mvc/activator/activator.go b/mvc/activator/activator.go
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..914535fb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/mvc/activator/activator.go
@@ -0,0 +1,312 @@
+package activator
+
+import (
+	"reflect"
+
+	"github.com/kataras/golog"
+
+	"github.com/kataras/iris/context"
+	"github.com/kataras/iris/core/errors"
+)
+
+type (
+	// TController is the type of the controller,
+	// it contains all the necessary information to load
+	// and serve the controller to the outside world,
+	// think it as a "supervisor" of your Controller which
+	// cares about you.
+	TController struct {
+		// the type of the user/dev's "c" controller (interface{})
+		Type reflect.Type
+		// it's the first passed value of the controller instance,
+		// we need this to collect and save the persistence fields' values.
+		Value reflect.Value
+
+		binder *binder // executed even before the BeginRequest if not nil.
+
+		controls []TControl // executed on request, after the BeginRequest and before the EndRequest.
+
+		// the actual method functions
+		// i.e for "GET" it's the `Get()`
+		//
+		// Here we have a strange relation by-design.
+		// It contains the methods
+		// but we have different handlers
+		// for each of these methods,
+		// while in the same time all of these
+		// are depend from this TypeInfo struct.
+		// So we have TypeInfo -> Methods -> Each(TypeInfo, Method.Index)
+		// -> Handler for X HTTPMethod, see `Register`.
+		Methods []MethodFunc
+	}
+	// MethodFunc is part of the `TController`,
+	// it contains the index for a specific http method,
+	// taken from user's controller struct.
+	MethodFunc struct {
+		Index      int
+		HTTPMethod string
+	}
+)
+
+// ErrControlSkip never shows up, used to determinate
+// if a control's Load return error is critical or not,
+// `ErrControlSkip` means that activation can continue
+// and skip this control.
+var ErrControlSkip = errors.New("skip control")
+
+// TControl is an optional feature that an app can benefit
+// by using its own custom controls to control the flow
+// inside a controller, they are being registered per controller.
+//
+// Naming:
+// I could find better name such as 'Control',
+// but I can imagine the user's confusion about `Controller`
+// and `Control` types, they are different but they may
+// use that as embedded, so it can not start with the world "C..".
+// The best name that shows the relation between this
+// and the controller type info struct(TController) is the "TControl",
+// `TController` is prepended with "T" for the same reasons, it's different
+// than `Controller`, the TController is the "description" of the user's
+// `Controller` embedded field.
+type TControl interface { // or CoreControl?
+	// Load should returns nil  if its `Handle`
+	// should be called on serve time.
+	//
+	// if error is filled then controller info
+	// is not created and that error is returned to the
+	// high-level caller, but the `ErrControlSkip` can be used
+	// to skip the control without breaking the rest of the registration.
+	Load(t *TController) error
+	// Handle executes the control.
+	// It accepts the context, the new controller instance
+	// and the specific methodFunc based on the request.
+	Handle(ctx context.Context, controller reflect.Value, methodFunc func())
+}
+
+func isControlErr(err error) bool {
+	if err != nil {
+		if isSkipper(err) {
+			return false
+		}
+		return true
+	}
+
+	return false
+}
+
+func isSkipper(err error) bool {
+	if err != nil {
+		if err.Error() == ErrControlSkip.Error() {
+			return true
+		}
+	}
+	return false
+}
+
+// the parent package should complete this "interface"
+// it's not exported, so their functions
+// but reflect doesn't care about it, so we are ok
+// to compare the type of the base controller field
+// with this "ctrl", see `buildTypeInfo` and `buildMethodHandler`.
+
+var (
+	// ErrMissingControllerInstance is a static error which fired from `Controller` when
+	// the passed "c" instnace is not a valid type of `Controller`.
+	ErrMissingControllerInstance = errors.New("controller should have a field of Controller type")
+	// ErrInvalidControllerType fired when the "Controller" field is not
+	// the correct type.
+	ErrInvalidControllerType = errors.New("controller instance is not a valid implementation")
+)
+
+// BaseController is the controller interface,
+// which the main request `Controller` will implement automatically.
+// End-User doesn't need to have any knowledge of this if she/he doesn't want to implement
+// a new Controller type.
+type BaseController interface {
+	BeginRequest(ctx context.Context)
+	EndRequest(ctx context.Context)
+}
+
+// ActivateController returns a new controller type info description.
+// A  TController is not useful for the end-developer
+// but it can be used for debugging.
+func ActivateController(base BaseController, bindValues []interface{},
+	controls []TControl) (TController, error) {
+
+	// get and save the type.
+	typ := reflect.TypeOf(base)
+	if typ.Kind() != reflect.Ptr {
+		typ = reflect.PtrTo(typ)
+	}
+
+	// first instance value, needed to validate
+	// the actual type of the controller field
+	// and to collect and save the instance's persistence fields'
+	// values later on.
+	val := reflect.Indirect(reflect.ValueOf(base))
+	ctrlName := val.Type().Name()
+
+	// set the binder, can be nil this check at made at runtime.
+	binder := newBinder(typ.Elem(), bindValues)
+	if binder != nil {
+		for _, bf := range binder.fields {
+			golog.Debugf("MVC %s: binder loaded for '%s' with field index of: %d",
+				ctrlName, bf.Name, bf.Index)
+		}
+	}
+
+	t := TController{
+		Type:   typ,
+		Value:  val,
+		binder: binder,
+	}
+
+	// first the custom controls,
+	// after these, the persistence,
+	// the method control
+	// which can set the model and
+	// last the model control.
+	controls = append(controls, []TControl{
+		// PersistenceDataControl stores the optional data
+		// that will be shared among all requests.
+		PersistenceDataControl(),
+		// MethodControl is the actual method function
+		// i.e for "GET" it's the `Get()` that will be
+		// fired.
+		MethodControl(),
+		// ModelControl stores the optional models from
+		// the struct's fields values that
+		// are being setted by the method function
+		// and set them as ViewData.
+		ModelControl()}...)
+
+	for _, control := range controls {
+		err := control.Load(&t)
+		// fail on first control error if not ErrControlSkip.
+		if isControlErr(err) {
+			return t, err
+		}
+
+		if isSkipper(err) {
+			continue
+		}
+
+		golog.Debugf("MVC %s: succeed load of the %#v", ctrlName, control)
+		t.controls = append(t.controls, control)
+	}
+
+	return t, nil
+}
+
+// builds the handler for a type based on the method index (i.e Get() -> [0], Post() -> [1]).
+func buildMethodHandler(t TController, methodFuncIndex int) context.Handler {
+	elem := t.Type.Elem()
+	/*
+		// good idea, it speeds up the whole thing by ~1MB per 20MB at my personal
+		// laptop but this way the Model for example which is not a persistence
+		// variable can stay for the next request
+		// (if pointer receiver but if not then variables like `Tmpl` cannot stay)
+		// and that will have unexpected results.
+		// however we keep it here I want to see it every day in order to find a better way.
+
+		type runtimeC struct {
+			method func()
+			c      reflect.Value
+			elem   reflect.Value
+			b      BaseController
+		}
+
+		pool := sync.Pool{
+			New: func() interface{} {
+
+				c := reflect.New(elem)
+				methodFunc := c.Method(methodFuncIndex).Interface().(func())
+				b, _ := c.Interface().(BaseController)
+
+				elem := c.Elem()
+				if t.binder != nil {
+					t.binder.handle(elem)
+				}
+
+				rc := runtimeC{
+					c:      c,
+					elem:   elem,
+					b:      b,
+					method: methodFunc,
+				}
+				return rc
+			},
+		}
+	*/
+
+	return func(ctx context.Context) {
+		// // create a new controller instance of that type(>ptr).
+		c := reflect.New(elem)
+
+		if t.binder != nil {
+			t.binder.handle(c)
+			if ctx.IsStopped() {
+				return
+			}
+		}
+
+		// get the Controller embedded field's addr.
+		// it should never be invalid here because we made that checks on activation.
+		// but if somone tries to "crack" that, then just stop the world in order to be notified,
+		// we don't want to go away from that type of mistake.
+		b := c.Interface().(BaseController)
+
+		// init the request.
+		b.BeginRequest(ctx)
+
+		methodFunc := c.Method(methodFuncIndex).Interface().(func())
+		// execute the controls by order, including the method control.
+		for _, control := range t.controls {
+			if ctx.IsStopped() {
+				break
+			}
+			control.Handle(ctx, c, methodFunc)
+		}
+
+		// finally, execute the controller, don't check for IsStopped.
+		b.EndRequest(ctx)
+	}
+}
+
+// RegisterFunc used by the caller to register the result routes.
+type RegisterFunc func(httpMethod string, handler context.Handler)
+
+// RegisterMethodHandlers receives a `TController`, description of the
+// user's controller, and calls the "registerFunc" for each of its
+// method handlers.
+//
+// Not useful for the end-developer, but may needed for debugging
+// at the future.
+func RegisterMethodHandlers(t TController, registerFunc RegisterFunc) {
+	// range over the type info's method funcs,
+	// build a new handler for each of these
+	// methods and register them to their
+	// http methods using the registerFunc, which is
+	// responsible to convert these into routes
+	// and add them to router via the APIBuilder.
+	for _, m := range t.Methods {
+		registerFunc(m.HTTPMethod, buildMethodHandler(t, m.Index))
+	}
+}
+
+// Register receives a "controller",
+// a pointer of an instance which embeds the `Controller`,
+// the value of "baseControllerFieldName" should be `Controller`
+// if embedded and "controls" that can intercept on controller
+// activation and on the controller's handler, at serve-time.
+func Register(controller BaseController, bindValues []interface{}, controls []TControl,
+	registerFunc RegisterFunc) error {
+
+	t, err := ActivateController(controller, bindValues, controls)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	RegisterMethodHandlers(t, registerFunc)
+	return nil
+}
diff --git a/mvc/activator/binder.go b/mvc/activator/binder.go
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..ad641d92
--- /dev/null
+++ b/mvc/activator/binder.go
@@ -0,0 +1,118 @@
+package activator
+
+import (
+	"reflect"
+)
+
+type binder struct {
+	values []interface{}
+	fields []field
+}
+
+// binder accepts a value of something
+// and tries to find its equalivent type
+// inside the controller and sets that to it,
+// after that each new instance of the controller will have
+// this value on the specific field, like persistence data control does.
+//
+// returns a nil binder if values are not valid bindable data to the controller type.
+func newBinder(elemType reflect.Type, values []interface{}) *binder {
+	if len(values) == 0 {
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	b := &binder{values: values}
+	b.fields = b.lookup(elemType)
+
+	// if nothing valid found return nil, so the caller
+	// can omit the binder.
+	if len(b.fields) == 0 {
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	return b
+}
+
+func (b *binder) lookup(elem reflect.Type) (fields []field) {
+	for _, v := range b.values {
+		value := reflect.ValueOf(v)
+		for i, n := 0, elem.NumField(); i < n; i++ {
+			elemField := elem.Field(i)
+
+			if elemField.Type == value.Type() {
+				// we area inside the correct type
+				// println("[0] prepare bind filed for " + elemField.Name)
+				fields = append(fields, field{
+					Index: i,
+					Name:  elemField.Name,
+					Type:  elemField.Type,
+					Value: value,
+				})
+				continue
+			}
+
+			f := lookupStruct(elemField.Type, value)
+			if f != nil {
+				fields = append(fields, field{
+					Index:    i,
+					Name:     elemField.Name,
+					Type:     elemField.Type,
+					embedded: f,
+				})
+			}
+
+		}
+	}
+	return
+}
+
+func lookupStruct(elem reflect.Type, value reflect.Value) *field {
+	// ignore if that field is not a struct
+	if elem.Kind() != reflect.Struct {
+		// and it's not a controller because we don't want to accidentally
+		// set fields to other user fields. Or no?
+		//  ||
+		// 	(elem.Name() != "" && !strings.HasSuffix(elem.Name(), "Controller")) {
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	// search by fields.
+	for i, n := 0, elem.NumField(); i < n; i++ {
+		elemField := elem.Field(i)
+		if elemField.Type == value.Type() {
+			// println("Types are equal of: " + elemField.Type.Name() + " " + elemField.Name + " and " + value.Type().Name())
+			// we area inside the correct type.
+			return &field{
+				Index: i,
+				Name:  elemField.Name,
+				Type:  elemField.Type,
+				Value: value,
+			}
+		}
+
+		// if field is struct and the value is struct
+		// then try inside its fields for a compatible
+		// field type.
+		if elemField.Type.Kind() == reflect.Struct && value.Type().Kind() == reflect.Struct {
+			elemFieldEmb := elem.Field(i)
+			f := lookupStruct(elemFieldEmb.Type, value)
+			if f != nil {
+				fp := &field{
+					Index:    i,
+					Name:     elemFieldEmb.Name,
+					Type:     elemFieldEmb.Type,
+					embedded: f,
+				}
+				return fp
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (b *binder) handle(c reflect.Value) {
+	elem := c.Elem() // controller should always be a pointer at this state
+	for _, f := range b.fields {
+		f.sendTo(elem)
+	}
+}
diff --git a/mvc/activator/callable_control.go b/mvc/activator/callable_control.go
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..6d4d1c74
--- /dev/null
+++ b/mvc/activator/callable_control.go
@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+package activator
+
+import (
+	"reflect"
+
+	"github.com/kataras/iris/context"
+)
+
+func getCustomFuncIndex(t *TController, funcNames ...string) (funcIndex int, has bool) {
+	val := t.Value
+
+	for _, funcName := range funcNames {
+		if m, has := t.Type.MethodByName(funcName); has {
+			if _, isRequestFunc := val.Method(m.Index).Interface().(func(ctx context.Context)); isRequestFunc {
+				return m.Index, has
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	return -1, false
+}
+
+type callableControl struct {
+	Functions []string
+	index     int
+}
+
+func (cc *callableControl) Load(t *TController) error {
+	funcIndex, has := getCustomFuncIndex(t, cc.Functions...)
+	if !has {
+		return ErrControlSkip
+	}
+
+	cc.index = funcIndex
+	return nil
+}
+
+// the "c" is a new "c" instance
+// which is being used at serve time, inside the Handler.
+// it calls the custom function (can be "Init", "BeginRequest", "End" and "EndRequest"),
+// the check of this function made at build time, so it's a safe a call.
+func (cc *callableControl) Handle(ctx context.Context, c reflect.Value, methodFunc func()) {
+	c.Method(cc.index).Interface().(func(ctx context.Context))(ctx)
+}
+
+// CallableControl is a generic-propose `TControl`
+// which finds one function in the user's controller's struct
+// based on the possible "funcName(s)" and executes
+// that inside the handler, at serve-time, by passing
+// the current request's `iris/context/#Context`.
+func CallableControl(funcName ...string) TControl {
+	return &callableControl{Functions: funcName}
+}
diff --git a/mvc/activator/method_control.go b/mvc/activator/method_control.go
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..45520224
--- /dev/null
+++ b/mvc/activator/method_control.go
@@ -0,0 +1,81 @@
+package activator
+
+import (
+	"reflect"
+	"strings"
+
+	"github.com/kataras/iris/context"
+	"github.com/kataras/iris/core/errors"
+)
+
+var availableMethods = [...]string{
+	"ANY",  // will be registered using the `core/router#APIBuilder#Any`
+	"ALL",  // same as ANY
+	"NONE", // offline route
+	// valid http methods
+	"GET",
+	"POST",
+	"PUT",
+	"DELETE",
+	"CONNECT",
+	"HEAD",
+	"PATCH",
+	"OPTIONS",
+	"TRACE",
+}
+
+type methodControl struct{}
+
+// ErrMissingHTTPMethodFunc fired when the controller doesn't handle any valid HTTP method.
+var ErrMissingHTTPMethodFunc = errors.New(`controller can not be activated,
+ missing a compatible HTTP method function, i.e Get()`)
+
+func (mc *methodControl) Load(t *TController) error {
+	// search the entire controller
+	// for any compatible method function
+	// and register that.
+	for _, method := range availableMethods {
+		if m, ok := t.Type.MethodByName(getMethodName(method)); ok {
+
+			t.Methods = append(t.Methods, MethodFunc{
+				HTTPMethod: method,
+				Index:      m.Index,
+			})
+
+			// check if method was Any() or All()
+			// if yes, then break to skip any conflict with the rest of the method functions.
+			// (this will be registered to all valid http methods by the APIBuilder)
+			if method == "ANY" || method == "ALL" {
+				break
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	if len(t.Methods) == 0 {
+		// no compatible method found, fire an error and stop everything.
+		return ErrMissingHTTPMethodFunc
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+func getMethodName(httpMethod string) string {
+	httpMethodFuncName := strings.Title(strings.ToLower(httpMethod))
+	return httpMethodFuncName
+}
+
+func (mc *methodControl) Handle(ctx context.Context, c reflect.Value, methodFunc func()) {
+	// execute the responsible method for that handler.
+	// Remember:
+	// To improve the performance
+	// we don't compare the ctx.Method()[HTTP Method]
+	// to the instance's Method, each handler is registered
+	// to a specific http method.
+	methodFunc()
+}
+
+// MethodControl loads and serve the main functionality of the controllers,
+// which is to run a function based on the http method (pre-computed).
+func MethodControl() TControl {
+	return &methodControl{}
+}
diff --git a/mvc/activator/model_control.go b/mvc/activator/model_control.go
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..fcb9423c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/mvc/activator/model_control.go
@@ -0,0 +1,54 @@
+package activator
+
+import (
+	"reflect"
+
+	"github.com/kataras/iris/context"
+)
+
+type modelControl struct {
+	fields []field
+}
+
+func (mc *modelControl) Load(t *TController) error {
+	fields := lookupFields(t, func(f reflect.StructField) bool {
+		if tag, ok := f.Tag.Lookup("iris"); ok {
+			if tag == "model" {
+				return true
+			}
+		}
+		return false
+	})
+
+	if len(fields) == 0 {
+		// first is the `Controller` so we need to
+		// check the second and after that.
+		return ErrControlSkip
+	}
+
+	mc.fields = fields
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (mc *modelControl) Handle(ctx context.Context, c reflect.Value, methodFunc func()) {
+	elem := c.Elem() // controller should always be a pointer at this state
+
+	for _, f := range mc.fields {
+		elemField := elem.Field(f.Index)
+		// check if current controller's element field
+		// is valid, is not nil and it's type is the same (should be but make that check to be sure).
+		if !elemField.IsValid() || (elemField.Kind() == reflect.Ptr && elemField.IsNil()) || elemField.Type() != f.Type {
+			continue
+		}
+		fieldValue := elemField.Interface()
+		// fmt.Printf("setting %s to %#v", f.Name, fieldValue)
+		ctx.ViewData(f.Name, fieldValue)
+	}
+}
+
+// ModelControl returns a TControl which is responsible
+// to load and handle the `Model(s)` inside a controller struct
+// via the  `iris:"model"` tag field.
+func ModelControl() TControl {
+	return &modelControl{}
+}
diff --git a/mvc/activator/persistence_data_control.go b/mvc/activator/persistence_data_control.go
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..bfa9f2b6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/mvc/activator/persistence_data_control.go
@@ -0,0 +1,103 @@
+package activator
+
+import (
+	"reflect"
+
+	"github.com/kataras/iris/context"
+)
+
+type field struct {
+	Name  string // by-defaultis the field's name but if `name: "other"` then it's overridden.
+	Index int
+	Type  reflect.Type
+	Value reflect.Value
+
+	embedded *field
+}
+
+func (ff field) sendTo(elem reflect.Value) {
+	if embedded := ff.embedded; embedded != nil {
+		if ff.Index >= 0 {
+			embedded.sendTo(elem.Field(ff.Index))
+		}
+		return
+	}
+	elemField := elem.Field(ff.Index)
+	if elemField.Kind() == reflect.Ptr && !elemField.IsNil() {
+		return
+	}
+
+	elemField.Set(ff.Value)
+}
+
+func lookupFields(t *TController, validator func(reflect.StructField) bool) (fields []field) {
+	elem := t.Type.Elem()
+
+	for i, n := 0, elem.NumField(); i < n; i++ {
+		elemField := elem.Field(i)
+		valF := t.Value.Field(i)
+
+		// catch persistence data by tags, i.e:
+		// MyData string `iris:"persistence"`
+		if validator(elemField) {
+			name := elemField.Name
+			if nameTag, ok := elemField.Tag.Lookup("name"); ok {
+				name = nameTag
+			}
+
+			f := field{
+				Name:  name,
+				Index: i,
+				Type:  elemField.Type,
+			}
+
+			if valF.IsValid() || (valF.Kind() == reflect.Ptr && !valF.IsNil()) {
+				val := reflect.ValueOf(valF.Interface())
+				if val.IsValid() || (val.Kind() == reflect.Ptr && !val.IsNil()) {
+					f.Value = val
+				}
+			}
+
+			fields = append(fields, f)
+		}
+	}
+	return
+}
+
+type persistenceDataControl struct {
+	fields []field
+}
+
+func (d *persistenceDataControl) Load(t *TController) error {
+	fields := lookupFields(t, func(f reflect.StructField) bool {
+		if tag, ok := f.Tag.Lookup("iris"); ok {
+			if tag == "persistence" {
+				return true
+			}
+		}
+		return false
+	})
+
+	if len(fields) == 0 {
+		// first is the `Controller` so we need to
+		// check the second and after that.
+		return ErrControlSkip
+	}
+
+	d.fields = fields
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (d *persistenceDataControl) Handle(ctx context.Context, c reflect.Value, methodFunc func()) {
+	elem := c.Elem() // controller should always be a pointer at this state
+	for _, f := range d.fields {
+		f.sendTo(elem)
+	}
+}
+
+// PersistenceDataControl loads and re-stores
+// the persistence data by scanning the original
+// `TController.Value` instance of the user's controller.
+func PersistenceDataControl() TControl {
+	return &persistenceDataControl{}
+}
diff --git a/mvc/controller.go b/mvc/controller.go
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..235e1c70
--- /dev/null
+++ b/mvc/controller.go
@@ -0,0 +1,129 @@
+package mvc
+
+import (
+	"github.com/kataras/iris/context"
+	"github.com/kataras/iris/core/memstore"
+	"github.com/kataras/iris/mvc/activator"
+)
+
+// Controller is the base controller for the high level controllers instances.
+//
+// This base controller is used as an alternative way of building
+// APIs, the controller can register all type of http methods.
+//
+// Keep note that controllers are bit slow
+// because of the reflection use however it's as fast as possible because
+// it does preparation before the serve-time handler but still
+// remains slower than the low-level handlers
+// such as `Handle, Get, Post, Put, Delete, Connect, Head, Trace, Patch`.
+//
+//
+// All fields that are tagged with iris:"persistence"` or binded
+// are being persistence and kept the same between the different requests.
+//
+// An Example Controller can be:
+//
+// type IndexController struct {
+// 	Controller
+// }
+//
+// func (c *IndexController) Get() {
+// 	c.Tmpl = "index.html"
+// 	c.Data["title"] = "Index page"
+// 	c.Data["message"] = "Hello world!"
+// }
+//
+// Usage: app.Controller("/", new(IndexController))
+//
+//
+// Another example with bind:
+//
+// type UserController struct {
+// 	mvc.Controller
+//
+// 	DB        *DB
+// 	CreatedAt time.Time
+// }
+//
+// // Get serves using the User controller when HTTP Method is "GET".
+// func (c *UserController) Get() {
+// 	c.Tmpl = "user/index.html"
+// 	c.Data["title"] = "User Page"
+// 	c.Data["username"] = "kataras " + c.Params.Get("userid")
+// 	c.Data["connstring"] = c.DB.Connstring
+// 	c.Data["uptime"] = time.Now().Sub(c.CreatedAt).Seconds()
+// }
+//
+// Usage: app.Controller("/user/{id:int}", new(UserController), db, time.Now())
+//
+// Look `core/router/APIBuilder#Controller` method too.
+type Controller struct {
+	// path and path params.
+	Path   string
+	Params *context.RequestParams
+
+	// some info read and write,
+	// can be already set-ed by previous handlers as well.
+	Status int
+	Values *memstore.Store
+
+	// view read and write,
+	// can be already set-ed by previous handlers as well.
+	Layout string
+	Tmpl   string
+	Data   map[string]interface{}
+
+	// give access to the request context itself.
+	Ctx context.Context
+}
+
+// BeginRequest starts the main controller
+// it initialize the Ctx and other fields.
+//
+// End-Developer can ovverride it but it still MUST be called.
+func (c *Controller) BeginRequest(ctx context.Context) {
+	// path and path params
+	c.Path = ctx.Path()
+	c.Params = ctx.Params()
+	// response status code
+	c.Status = ctx.GetStatusCode()
+	// share values
+	c.Values = ctx.Values()
+	// view
+	c.Data = make(map[string]interface{}, 0)
+	// context itself
+	c.Ctx = ctx
+}
+
+// EndRequest is the final method which will be executed
+// before response sent.
+//
+// It checks for the fields and calls the necessary context's
+// methods to modify the response to the client.
+//
+// End-Developer can ovveride it but still should be called at the end.
+func (c *Controller) EndRequest(ctx context.Context) {
+	if path := c.Path; path != "" && path != ctx.Path() {
+		// then redirect
+		ctx.Redirect(path)
+		return
+	}
+
+	if status := c.Status; status > 0 && status != ctx.GetStatusCode() {
+		ctx.StatusCode(status)
+	}
+
+	if view := c.Tmpl; view != "" {
+		if layout := c.Layout; layout != "" {
+			ctx.ViewLayout(layout)
+		}
+		if data := c.Data; data != nil {
+			for k, v := range data {
+				ctx.ViewData(k, v)
+			}
+		}
+		ctx.View(view)
+	}
+}
+
+var _ activator.BaseController = &Controller{}
diff --git a/mvc/controller_test.go b/mvc/controller_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..dde3d71f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/mvc/controller_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,284 @@
+// black-box testing
+package mvc_test
+
+import (
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/kataras/iris"
+	"github.com/kataras/iris/context"
+	"github.com/kataras/iris/mvc"
+
+	"github.com/kataras/iris/core/router"
+	"github.com/kataras/iris/httptest"
+)
+
+type testController struct {
+	mvc.Controller
+}
+
+var writeMethod = func(c mvc.Controller) {
+	c.Ctx.Writef(c.Ctx.Method())
+}
+
+func (c *testController) Get() {
+	writeMethod(c.Controller)
+}
+func (c *testController) Post() {
+	writeMethod(c.Controller)
+}
+func (c *testController) Put() {
+	writeMethod(c.Controller)
+}
+func (c *testController) Delete() {
+	writeMethod(c.Controller)
+}
+func (c *testController) Connect() {
+	writeMethod(c.Controller)
+}
+func (c *testController) Head() {
+	writeMethod(c.Controller)
+}
+func (c *testController) Patch() {
+	writeMethod(c.Controller)
+}
+func (c *testController) Options() {
+	writeMethod(c.Controller)
+}
+func (c *testController) Trace() {
+	writeMethod(c.Controller)
+}
+
+type (
+	testControllerAll struct{ mvc.Controller }
+	testControllerAny struct{ mvc.Controller } // exactly the same as All
+)
+
+func (c *testControllerAll) All() {
+	writeMethod(c.Controller)
+}
+
+func (c *testControllerAny) Any() {
+	writeMethod(c.Controller)
+}
+
+func TestControllerMethodFuncs(t *testing.T) {
+	app := iris.New()
+	app.Controller("/", new(testController))
+	app.Controller("/all", new(testControllerAll))
+	app.Controller("/any", new(testControllerAny))
+
+	e := httptest.New(t, app)
+	for _, method := range router.AllMethods {
+
+		e.Request(method, "/").Expect().Status(httptest.StatusOK).
+			Body().Equal(method)
+
+		e.Request(method, "/all").Expect().Status(httptest.StatusOK).
+			Body().Equal(method)
+
+		e.Request(method, "/any").Expect().Status(httptest.StatusOK).
+			Body().Equal(method)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestControllerMethodAndPathHandleMany(t *testing.T) {
+	app := iris.New()
+	app.Controller("/ /path1 /path2 /path3", new(testController))
+
+	e := httptest.New(t, app)
+	for _, method := range router.AllMethods {
+
+		e.Request(method, "/").Expect().Status(httptest.StatusOK).
+			Body().Equal(method)
+
+		e.Request(method, "/path1").Expect().Status(httptest.StatusOK).
+			Body().Equal(method)
+
+		e.Request(method, "/path2").Expect().Status(httptest.StatusOK).
+			Body().Equal(method)
+	}
+}
+
+type testControllerPersistence struct {
+	mvc.Controller
+	Data string `iris:"persistence"`
+}
+
+func (t *testControllerPersistence) Get() {
+	t.Ctx.WriteString(t.Data)
+}
+
+func TestControllerPersistenceFields(t *testing.T) {
+	data := "this remains the same for all requests"
+	app := iris.New()
+	app.Controller("/", &testControllerPersistence{Data: data})
+	e := httptest.New(t, app)
+	e.GET("/").Expect().Status(httptest.StatusOK).
+		Body().Equal(data)
+}
+
+type testControllerBeginAndEndRequestFunc struct {
+	mvc.Controller
+
+	Username string
+}
+
+// called before of every method (Get() or Post()).
+//
+// useful when more than one methods using the
+// same request values or context's function calls.
+func (t *testControllerBeginAndEndRequestFunc) BeginRequest(ctx context.Context) {
+	t.Controller.BeginRequest(ctx)
+	t.Username = ctx.Params().Get("username")
+	// or t.Params.Get("username") because the
+	// t.Ctx == ctx and is being initialized at the t.Controller.BeginRequest.
+}
+
+// called after every method (Get() or Post()).
+func (t *testControllerBeginAndEndRequestFunc) EndRequest(ctx context.Context) {
+	ctx.Writef("done") // append "done" to the response
+	t.Controller.EndRequest(ctx)
+}
+
+func (t *testControllerBeginAndEndRequestFunc) Get() {
+	t.Ctx.Writef(t.Username)
+}
+
+func (t *testControllerBeginAndEndRequestFunc) Post() {
+	t.Ctx.Writef(t.Username)
+}
+
+func TestControllerBeginAndEndRequestFunc(t *testing.T) {
+	app := iris.New()
+	app.Controller("/profile/{username}", new(testControllerBeginAndEndRequestFunc))
+
+	e := httptest.New(t, app)
+	usernames := []string{
+		"kataras",
+		"makis",
+		"efi",
+		"rg",
+		"bill",
+		"whoisyourdaddy",
+	}
+	doneResponse := "done"
+
+	for _, username := range usernames {
+		e.GET("/profile/" + username).Expect().Status(httptest.StatusOK).
+			Body().Equal(username + doneResponse)
+		e.POST("/profile/" + username).Expect().Status(httptest.StatusOK).
+			Body().Equal(username + doneResponse)
+	}
+}
+
+type Model struct {
+	Username string
+}
+
+type testControllerModel struct {
+	mvc.Controller
+
+	TestModel  Model `iris:"model" name:"myModel"`
+	TestModel2 Model `iris:"model"`
+}
+
+func (t *testControllerModel) Get() {
+	username := t.Ctx.Params().Get("username")
+	t.TestModel = Model{Username: username}
+	t.TestModel2 = Model{Username: username + "2"}
+}
+
+func (t *testControllerModel) EndRequest(ctx context.Context) {
+	// t.Ctx == ctx
+
+	m, ok := t.Ctx.GetViewData()["myModel"]
+	if !ok {
+		t.Ctx.Writef("fail TestModel load and set")
+		return
+	}
+
+	model, ok := m.(Model)
+
+	if !ok {
+		t.Ctx.Writef("fail to override the TestModel name by the tag")
+		return
+	}
+
+	// test without custom name tag, should have the field's nae.
+	m, ok = t.Ctx.GetViewData()["TestModel2"]
+	if !ok {
+		t.Ctx.Writef("fail TestModel2 load and set")
+		return
+	}
+
+	model2, ok := m.(Model)
+
+	if !ok {
+		t.Ctx.Writef("fail to override the TestModel2 name by the tag")
+		return
+	}
+
+	// models are being rendered via the View at ViewData but
+	// we just test it here, so print it back.
+	t.Ctx.Writef(model.Username + model2.Username)
+
+	t.Controller.EndRequest(ctx)
+}
+func TestControllerModel(t *testing.T) {
+	app := iris.New()
+	app.Controller("/model/{username}", new(testControllerModel))
+
+	e := httptest.New(t, app)
+	usernames := []string{
+		"kataras",
+		"makis",
+	}
+
+	for _, username := range usernames {
+		e.GET("/model/" + username).Expect().Status(httptest.StatusOK).
+			Body().Equal(username + username + "2")
+	}
+}
+
+type testBindType struct {
+	title string
+}
+
+type testControllerBindStruct struct {
+	mvc.Controller
+	//  should start with upper letter of course
+	TitlePointer *testBindType // should have the value of the "myTitlePtr" on test
+	TitleValue   testBindType  // should have the value of the "myTitleV" on test
+	Other        string        // just another type to check the field collection, should be empty
+}
+
+func (t *testControllerBindStruct) Get() {
+	t.Ctx.Writef(t.TitlePointer.title + t.TitleValue.title + t.Other)
+}
+
+type testControllerBindDeep struct {
+	testControllerBindStruct
+}
+
+func (t *testControllerBindDeep) Get() {
+	// 	t.testControllerBindStruct.Get()
+	t.Ctx.Writef(t.TitlePointer.title + t.TitleValue.title + t.Other)
+}
+func TestControllerBind(t *testing.T) {
+	app := iris.New()
+	t1, t2 := "my pointer title", "val title"
+	// test bind pointer to pointer of the correct type
+	myTitlePtr := &testBindType{title: t1}
+	// test bind value to value of the correct type
+	myTitleV := testBindType{title: t2}
+
+	app.Controller("/", new(testControllerBindStruct), myTitlePtr, myTitleV)
+	app.Controller("/deep", new(testControllerBindDeep), myTitlePtr, myTitleV)
+
+	e := httptest.New(t, app)
+	expected := t1 + t2
+	e.GET("/").Expect().Status(httptest.StatusOK).
+		Body().Equal(expected)
+	e.GET("/deep").Expect().Status(httptest.StatusOK).
+		Body().Equal(expected)
+}
diff --git a/mvc/session_controller.go b/mvc/session_controller.go
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..bc6adbe6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/mvc/session_controller.go
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+package mvc
+
+import (
+	"github.com/kataras/iris/context"
+	"github.com/kataras/iris/sessions"
+)
+
+// SessionController is a simple `Controller` implementation
+// which requires a binded session manager in order to give
+// direct access to the current client's session via its `Session` field.
+type SessionController struct {
+	Controller
+
+	Manager *sessions.Sessions
+	Session *sessions.Session
+}
+
+var managerMissing = "MVC SessionController: session manager field is nil, you have to bind it to a *sessions.Sessions"
+
+// BeginRequest calls the Controller's BeginRequest
+// and tries to initialize the current user's Session.
+func (s *SessionController) BeginRequest(ctx context.Context) {
+	s.Controller.BeginRequest(ctx)
+	if s.Manager == nil {
+		ctx.Application().Logger().Errorf(managerMissing)
+		return
+	}
+
+	s.Session = s.Manager.Start(ctx)
+}
+
+/* TODO:
+Maybe add struct tags on `binder` for required binded values
+in order to log error if some of the bindings are missing or leave that to the end-developers?
+*/
diff --git a/sessions/session.go b/sessions/session.go
index 54bb1d1a..3c1c3518 100644
--- a/sessions/session.go
+++ b/sessions/session.go
@@ -137,6 +137,11 @@ var errFindParse = errors.New("Unable to find the %s with key: %s. Found? %#v")
 
 // GetInt same as Get but returns as int, if not found then returns -1 and an error.
 func (s *Session) GetInt(key string) (int, error) {
+	return s.GetIntDefault(key, -1)
+}
+
+// GetIntDefault same as Get but returns as int, if not found then returns the "defaultValue".
+func (s *Session) GetIntDefault(key string, defaultValue int) (int, error) {
 	v := s.Get(key)
 
 	if vint, ok := v.(int); ok {
@@ -147,7 +152,7 @@ func (s *Session) GetInt(key string) (int, error) {
 		return strconv.Atoi(vstring)
 	}
 
-	return -1, errFindParse.Format("int", key, v)
+	return defaultValue, errFindParse.Format("int", key, v)
 }
 
 // GetInt64 same as Get but returns as int64, if not found then returns -1 and an error.
diff --git a/version.go b/version.go
index e851bbd7..6c73fd61 100644
--- a/version.go
+++ b/version.go
@@ -7,7 +7,6 @@ import (
 	"net/url"
 	"os"
 	"os/exec"
-	"strings"
 	"sync"
 	"time"
 
@@ -15,11 +14,6 @@ import (
 	"github.com/kataras/iris/core/netutil"
 )
 
-const (
-	versionURL = "http://iris-go.com/version"
-	updateCmd  = "go get -u -f -v github.com/kataras/iris"
-)
-
 var checkVersionOnce = sync.Once{}
 
 // CheckVersion checks for any available updates.
@@ -36,8 +30,8 @@ type versionInfo struct {
 }
 
 func checkVersion() {
-	client := netutil.Client(time.Duration(20 * time.Second))
-	r, err := client.PostForm(versionURL, url.Values{"current_version": {Version}})
+	client := netutil.Client(20 * time.Second)
+	r, err := client.PostForm("http://iris-go.com/version", url.Values{"current_version": {Version}})
 
 	if err != nil {
 		golog.Debugf("%v", err)
@@ -105,9 +99,8 @@ func checkVersion() {
 	}
 
 	if shouldUpdate {
-		goget := strings.Split(updateCmd, " ")
-		// go get -u github.com/:owner/:repo
-		cmd := exec.Command(goget[0], goget[1:]...)
+		repo := "github.com/kataras/iris"
+		cmd := exec.Command("go", "get", "-u", "-f", "-v", repo)
 		cmd.Stdout = os.Stdout
 		cmd.Stderr = os.Stdout
 
@@ -116,6 +109,6 @@ func checkVersion() {
 			return
 		}
 
-		golog.Infof("Update process finished.\nManual restart is required to apply the changes...")
+		golog.Infof("Update process finished.\nManual rebuild and restart is required to apply the changes...")
 	}
 }
diff --git a/view/view.go b/view/view.go
index c551fa0a..77894d57 100644
--- a/view/view.go
+++ b/view/view.go
@@ -43,6 +43,12 @@ var (
 
 // ExecuteWriter calls the correct view Engine's ExecuteWriter func
 func (v *View) ExecuteWriter(w io.Writer, filename string, layout string, bindingData interface{}) error {
+	if len(filename) > 2 {
+		if filename[0] == '/' { // omit first slash
+			filename = filename[1:]
+		}
+	}
+
 	e := v.Find(filename)
 	if e == nil {
 		return errNoViewEngineForExt.Format(filepath.Ext(filename))