Add two examples for folder structuring as requested at https://github.com/kataras/iris/issues/748

Former-commit-id: 27c97d005d9cbd2309587b11fc9e2bab85870502

README.md

@@ -76,6 +76,7 @@ Help this project to continue deliver awesome and unique features with the highe
 * [Installation](#-installation)
 * [Latest changes](https://github.com/kataras/iris/blob/master/HISTORY.md#we-27-september-2017--v843)
 * [Learn](#-learn)
+    * [Structuring](_examples/#structuring)
     * [HTTP Listening](_examples/#http-listening)
     * [Configuration](_examples/#configuration)
     * [Routing, Grouping, Dynamic Path Parameters, "Macros" and Custom Context](_examples/#routing-grouping-dynamic-path-parameters-macros-and-custom-context)

_examples/README.md

@@ -14,7 +14,16 @@ It doesn't always contain the "best ways" but it does cover each important featu
 - [Tutorial: URL Shortener using BoltDB](https://medium.com/@kataras/a-url-shortener-service-using-go-iris-and-bolt-4182f0b00ae7)
 - [Tutorial: How to turn your Android Device into a fully featured Web Server (**MUST**)](https://twitter.com/ThePracticalDev/status/892022594031017988)
 
-### HTTP Listening 
+### Structuring
+
+Nothing stops you from using your favorite folder structure. Iris is a low level web framework, it has got MVC support but it doesn't limit your folder structure, this is your choice.
+
+Structuring is always depends on your needs. We can't tell you how to design your own application for sure but you're free to take a closer look to the examples below; you may find something useful that you can borrow for your app
+
+- [Example 1](mvc/login)
+- [Example 2](structuring/mvc)
+
+### HTTP Listening
 
 - [Common, with address](http-listening/listen-addr/main.go)
     * [omit server errors](http-listening/listen-addr/omit-server-errors/main.go)

_examples/structuring/mvc/app/app.go

@@ -0,0 +1,144 @@
+package app
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/gorilla/securecookie"
+
+	"github.com/kataras/iris"
+	"github.com/kataras/iris/middleware/logger"
+	"github.com/kataras/iris/middleware/recover"
+	"github.com/kataras/iris/sessions"
+
+	"github.com/kataras/iris/_examples/structuring/mvc/app/controllers/follower"
+	"github.com/kataras/iris/_examples/structuring/mvc/app/controllers/following"
+	"github.com/kataras/iris/_examples/structuring/mvc/app/controllers/index"
+	"github.com/kataras/iris/_examples/structuring/mvc/app/controllers/like"
+)
+
+// Application is our application wrapper and bootstrapper, keeps our settings.
+type Application struct {
+	*iris.Application
+
+	Name      string
+	Owner     string
+	SpawnDate time.Time
+
+	Sessions *sessions.Sessions
+}
+
+// NewApplication returns a new named Application.
+func NewApplication(name, owner string) *Application {
+	return &Application{
+		Name:        name,
+		Owner:       owner,
+		Application: iris.New(),
+		SpawnDate:   time.Now(),
+	}
+}
+
+// begin sends the app's identification info.
+func (app *Application) begin(ctx iris.Context) {
+	// response headers
+	ctx.Header("App-Name", app.Name)
+	ctx.Header("App-Owner", app.Owner)
+	ctx.Header("App-Since", time.Since(app.SpawnDate).String())
+
+	ctx.Header("Server", "Iris: https://iris-go.com")
+
+	// view data if ctx.View or c.Tmpl = "$page.html" will be called next.
+	ctx.ViewData("AppName", app.Name)
+	ctx.ViewData("AppOwner", app.Owner)
+	ctx.Next()
+}
+
+// SetupViews loads the templates.
+func (app *Application) SetupViews(viewsDir string) {
+	app.RegisterView(iris.HTML(viewsDir, ".html").Layout("shared/layout.html"))
+}
+
+// SetupSessions initializes the sessions, optionally.
+func (app *Application) SetupSessions(expires time.Duration, cookieHashKey, cookieBlockKey []byte) {
+	app.Sessions = sessions.New(sessions.Config{
+		Cookie:   "SECRET_SESS_COOKIE_" + app.Name,
+		Expires:  expires,
+		Encoding: securecookie.New(cookieHashKey, cookieBlockKey),
+	})
+}
+
+// SetupErrorHandlers prepares the http error handlers (>=400).
+// Remember that error handlers in Iris have their own middleware ecosystem
+// so the route's middlewares are not running when an http error happened.
+// So if we want a logger we have to re-create one, here we will customize that logger as well.
+func (app *Application) SetupErrorHandlers() {
+	httpErrStatusLogger := logger.New(logger.Config{
+		Status:            true,
+		IP:                true,
+		Method:            true,
+		Path:              true,
+		MessageContextKey: "message",
+		LogFunc: func(now time.Time, latency time.Duration,
+			status, ip, method, path string,
+			message interface{}) {
+
+			line := fmt.Sprintf("%v %4v %s %s %s", status, latency, ip, method, path)
+
+			if message != nil {
+				line += fmt.Sprintf(" %v", message)
+			}
+			app.Logger().Warn(line)
+		},
+	})
+
+	app.OnAnyErrorCode(app.begin, httpErrStatusLogger, func(ctx iris.Context) {
+		err := iris.Map{
+			"app":     app.Name,
+			"status":  ctx.GetStatusCode(),
+			"message": ctx.Values().GetString("message"),
+		}
+
+		if jsonOutput, _ := ctx.URLParamBool("json"); jsonOutput {
+			ctx.JSON(err)
+			return
+		}
+
+		ctx.ViewData("Err", err)
+		ctx.ViewData("Title", "Error")
+		ctx.View("shared/error.html")
+	})
+}
+
+// SetupRouter registers the available routes from the "controllers" package.
+func (app *Application) SetupRouter() {
+	app.Use(recover.New())
+	app.Use(app.begin)
+	app.Use(iris.Gzip)
+
+	app.Favicon("./public/favicon.ico")
+	app.StaticWeb("/public", "./public")
+
+	app.Use(logger.New())
+
+	app.Controller("/", new(index.Controller))
+	app.Controller("/follower", new(follower.Controller))
+	app.Controller("/following", new(following.Controller))
+	app.Controller("/like", new(like.Controller))
+}
+
+// Instance is our global application bootstrap instance.
+var Instance = NewApplication("My Awesome App", "kataras2006@hotmail.com")
+
+// Boot starts our default instance appolication.
+func Boot(runner iris.Runner, configurators ...iris.Configurator) {
+	Instance.SetupViews("./app/views")
+	Instance.SetupSessions(24*time.Hour,
+		[]byte("the-big-and-secret-fash-key-here"),
+		[]byte("lot-secret-of-characters-big-too"),
+	)
+
+	Instance.SetupErrorHandlers()
+	Instance.SetupRouter()
+
+	Instance.Run(runner, configurators...)
+}

_examples/structuring/mvc/app/controllers/follower/controller.go

@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+package follower
+
+import (
+	"github.com/kataras/iris"
+)
+
+type Controller struct {
+	iris.Controller
+}
+
+func (c *Controller) GetBy(id int64) {
+	c.Ctx.Writef("from "+c.Route().Path()+" with ID: %d", id)
+}

_examples/structuring/mvc/app/controllers/following/controller.go

@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+package following
+
+import (
+	"github.com/kataras/iris"
+)
+
+type Controller struct {
+	iris.Controller
+}
+
+func (c *Controller) GetBy(id int64) {
+	c.Ctx.Writef("from "+c.Route().Path()+" with ID: %d", id)
+}

_examples/structuring/mvc/app/controllers/index/controller.go

@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+package index
+
+import (
+	"github.com/kataras/iris"
+)
+
+type Controller struct {
+	iris.Controller
+}
+
+func (c *Controller) Get() {
+	c.Data["Title"] = "Index"
+	c.Tmpl = "index.html"
+}

_examples/structuring/mvc/app/controllers/like/controller.go

@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+package like
+
+import (
+	"github.com/kataras/iris"
+)
+
+type Controller struct {
+	iris.Controller
+}
+
+func (c *Controller) GetBy(id int64) {
+	c.Ctx.Writef("from "+c.Route().Path()+" with ID: %d", id)
+}

_examples/structuring/mvc/app/views/index.html

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+<h1>Welcome!!</h1>

_examples/structuring/mvc/app/views/shared/error.html

@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+<h1 class="text-danger">Error.</h1>
+<h2 class="text-danger">An error occurred while processing your request.</h2>
+
+<h3>{{.Err.status}}</h3>
+<h4>{{.Err.message}}</h4>

_examples/structuring/mvc/app/views/shared/layout.html

@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html>
+<html>
+
+<head>
+    <meta charset="utf-8" />
+    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0" />
+    <link rel="shortcut icon" type="image/x-icon" href="/favicon.ico" />
+    <title>{{.Title}} - {{.AppName}}</title>
+
+</head>
+
+<body>
+    <div>
+        <!-- Render the current template here -->
+        {{ yield }}
+        <hr />
+        <footer>
+            <p>&copy; 2017 - {{.AppOwner}}</p>
+        </footer>
+    </div>
+</body>
+
+</html>

_examples/structuring/mvc/main.go

@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+package main
+
+import (
+	"github.com/kataras/iris"
+
+	"github.com/kataras/iris/_examples/structuring/mvc/app"
+)
+
+func main() {
+	// http://localhost:8080
+	// http://localhost:8080/follower/42
+	// http://localhost:8080/following/42
+	// http://localhost:8080/like/42
+	app.Boot(iris.Addr(":8080"), iris.WithoutServerError(iris.ErrServerClosed), iris.WithoutVersionChecker)
+}

context/gzip_response_writer.go

@@ -117,7 +117,7 @@ func (w *GzipResponseWriter) Write(contents []byte) (int, error) {
 func (w *GzipResponseWriter) Writef(format string, a ...interface{}) (n int, err error) {
 	n, err = fmt.Fprintf(w, format, a...)
 	if err == nil {
-		w.ResponseWriter.Header().Set(contentTextHeaderValue, "text/plain")
+		w.ResponseWriter.Header().Set(contentTypeHeaderKey, contentTextHeaderValue)
 	}
 
 	return
@@ -128,7 +128,7 @@ func (w *GzipResponseWriter) Writef(format string, a ...interface{}) (n int, err
 func (w *GzipResponseWriter) WriteString(s string) (n int, err error) {
 	n, err = w.Write([]byte(s))
 	if err == nil {
-		w.ResponseWriter.Header().Set(contentTextHeaderValue, "text/plain")
+		w.ResponseWriter.Header().Set(contentTypeHeaderKey, contentTextHeaderValue)
 	}
 	return
 }
@@ -164,7 +164,7 @@ func (w *GzipResponseWriter) WriteNow(contents []byte) (int, error) {
 	}
 
 	w.ResponseWriter.Header().Add(varyHeaderKey, "Accept-Encoding")
-	w.ResponseWriter.Header().Set(contentEncodingHeaderKey, "gzip")
+	w.ResponseWriter.Header().Add(contentEncodingHeaderKey, "gzip")
 
 	// if not `WriteNow` but "Content-Length" header
 	// is exists, then delete it before `.Write`

sessions/config.go

@@ -11,12 +11,39 @@ const (
 	DefaultCookieName = "irissessionid"
 )
 
+// Encoding is the Cookie Encoder/Decoder interface, which can be passed as configuration field
+// alternatively to the `Encode` and `Decode` fields.
+type Encoding interface {
+	// Encode the cookie value if not nil.
+	// Should accept as first argument the cookie name (config.Name)
+	//         as second argument the server's generated session id.
+	// Should return the new session id, if error the session id setted to empty which is invalid.
+	//
+	// Note: Errors are not printed, so you have to know what you're doing,
+	// and remember: if you use AES it only supports key sizes of 16, 24 or 32 bytes.
+	// You either need to provide exactly that amount or you derive the key from what you type in.
+	//
+	// Defaults to nil
+	Encode(cookieName string, value interface{}) (string, error)
+	// Decode the cookie value if not nil.
+	// Should accept as first argument the cookie name (config.Name)
+	//               as second second accepts the client's cookie value (the encoded session id).
+	// Should return an error if decode operation failed.
+	//
+	// Note: Errors are not printed, so you have to know what you're doing,
+	// and remember: if you use AES it only supports key sizes of 16, 24 or 32 bytes.
+	// You either need to provide exactly that amount or you derive the key from what you type in.
+	//
+	// Defaults to nil
+	Decode(cookieName string, cookieValue string, v interface{}) error
+}
+
 type (
 	// Config is the configuration for sessions. Please review it well before using sessions.
 	Config struct {
 		// Cookie string, the session's client cookie name, for example: "mysessionid"
 		//
-		// Defaults to "irissessionid"
+		// Defaults to "irissessionid".
 		Cookie string
 
 		// CookieSecureTLS set to true if server is running over TLS
@@ -26,11 +53,11 @@ type (
 		// Recommendation: You don't need this to be setted to true, just fill the Encode and Decode fields
 		// with a third-party library like secure cookie, example is provided at the _examples folder.
 		//
-		// Defaults to false
+		// Defaults to false.
 		CookieSecureTLS bool
 
 		// Encode the cookie value if not nil.
-		// Should accept as first argument the cookie name (config.Name)
+		// Should accept as first argument the cookie name (config.Cookie)
 		//         as second argument the server's generated session id.
 		// Should return the new session id, if error the session id setted to empty which is invalid.
 		//
@@ -38,10 +65,10 @@ type (
 		// and remember: if you use AES it only supports key sizes of 16, 24 or 32 bytes.
 		// You either need to provide exactly that amount or you derive the key from what you type in.
 		//
-		// Defaults to nil
+		// Defaults to nil.
 		Encode func(cookieName string, value interface{}) (string, error)
 		// Decode the cookie value if not nil.
-		// Should accept as first argument the cookie name (config.Name)
+		// Should accept as first argument the cookie name (config.Cookie)
 		//               as second second accepts the client's cookie value (the encoded session id).
 		// Should return an error if decode operation failed.
 		//
@@ -49,9 +76,13 @@ type (
 		// and remember: if you use AES it only supports key sizes of 16, 24 or 32 bytes.
 		// You either need to provide exactly that amount or you derive the key from what you type in.
 		//
-		// Defaults to nil
+		// Defaults to nil.
 		Decode func(cookieName string, cookieValue string, v interface{}) error
 
+		// Encoding same as Encode and Decode but receives a single instance which
+		// completes the "CookieEncoder" interface, `Encode` and `Decode` functions.
+		Encoding Encoding
+
 		// Expires the duration of which the cookie must expires (created_time.Add(Expires)).
 		// If you want to delete the cookie when the browser closes, set it to -1.
 		//
@@ -59,7 +90,7 @@ type (
 		// -1 means when browser closes
 		// > 0 is the time.Duration which the session cookies should expire.
 		//
-		// Defaults to infinitive/unlimited life duration(0)
+		// Defaults to infinitive/unlimited life duration(0).
 		Expires time.Duration
 
 		// SessionIDGenerator should returns a random session id.
@@ -69,7 +100,7 @@ type (
 
 		// DisableSubdomainPersistence set it to true in order dissallow your subdomains to have access to the session cookie
 		//
-		// Defaults to false
+		// Defaults to false.
 		DisableSubdomainPersistence bool
 	}
 )
@@ -88,5 +119,10 @@ func (c Config) Validate() Config {
 		}
 	}
 
+	if c.Encoding != nil {
+		c.Encode = c.Encoding.Encode
+		c.Decode = c.Encoding.Decode
+	}
+
 	return c
 }