Add some _examples in the main repository too.

Former-commit-id: 98895c34115ec2076b431332f0ffe9645adf7590

_examples/README.md

@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+## Examples
+
+This folder provides easy to understand code snippets on how to get started with web development with the Go programming language using the  [Iris](https://github.com/kataras/iris) web framework.
+
+
+It doesn't contains "best ways" neither explains all its features. It's just a simple, practical cookbook for young Go developers!
+
+Developers should read the official [documentation](https://godoc.org/gopkg.in/kataras/iris.v6) in depth.
+
+
+<a href ="https://github.com/kataras/iris"> <img src="http://iris-go.com/assets/book/cover_4.jpg" width="300" /> </a>
+
+
+## Table of Contents
+
+* [Hello World](examples/hello-world/main.go)
+* [Routes (using httprouter)](examples/routes-using-httprouter/main.go)
+* [Routes (using gorillamux)](examples/routes-using-gorillamux/main.go)
+* [Templates](examples/templates/main.go)
+* [Forms](examples/forms/main.go)
+* [JSON](examples/json/main.go)
+* [Upload Files](examples/upload-files/main.go)
+* [Static Files](examples/static-files/main.go)
+* [Favicon](examples/favicon/main.go)
+* [Password Hashing](examples/password-hashing/main.go)
+* [Sessions](examples/sessions/main.go)
+* [Websockets](examples/websockets/main.go)
+* [Markdown and Cache](examples/cache-markdown/main.go)
+* [Online Visitors](examples/online-visitors/main.go)
+* [URL Shortener](examples/url-shortener/main.go)
+
+
+> Take look at the [community examples](https://github.com/iris-contrib/examples) too!

_examples/examples/cache-markdown/main.go

@@ -0,0 +1,82 @@
+package main
+
+import (
+	"time"
+
+	"gopkg.in/kataras/iris.v6"
+	"gopkg.in/kataras/iris.v6/adaptors/httprouter"
+)
+
+var testMarkdownContents = `## Hello Markdown
+
+This is a sample of Markdown contents
+
+
+
+Features
+--------
+
+All features of Sundown are supported, including:
+
+*   **Compatibility**. The Markdown v1.0.3 test suite passes with
+    the --tidy option.  Without --tidy, the differences are
+    mostly in whitespace and entity escaping, where blackfriday is
+    more consistent and cleaner.
+
+*   **Common extensions**, including table support, fenced code
+    blocks, autolinks, strikethroughs, non-strict emphasis, etc.
+
+*   **Safety**. Blackfriday is paranoid when parsing, making it safe
+    to feed untrusted user input without fear of bad things
+    happening. The test suite stress tests this and there are no
+    known inputs that make it crash.  If you find one, please let me
+    know and send me the input that does it.
+
+    NOTE: "safety" in this context means *runtime safety only*. In order to
+    protect yourself against JavaScript injection in untrusted content, see
+    [this example](https://github.com/russross/blackfriday#sanitize-untrusted-content).
+
+*   **Fast processing**. It is fast enough to render on-demand in
+    most web applications without having to cache the output.
+
+*   **Thread safety**. You can run multiple parsers in different
+    goroutines without ill effect. There is no dependence on global
+    shared state.
+
+*   **Minimal dependencies**. Blackfriday only depends on standard
+    library packages in Go. The source code is pretty
+    self-contained, so it is easy to add to any project, including
+    Google App Engine projects.
+
+*   **Standards compliant**. Output successfully validates using the
+    W3C validation tool for HTML 4.01 and XHTML 1.0 Transitional.
+
+	[this is a link](https://github.com/kataras/iris) `
+
+func main() {
+	app := iris.New()
+	// output startup banner and error logs on os.Stdout
+	app.Adapt(iris.DevLogger())
+	// set the router, you can choose gorillamux too
+	app.Adapt(httprouter.New())
+
+	app.Get("/hi", app.Cache(func(c *iris.Context) {
+		c.WriteString("Hi this is a big content, do not try cache on small content it will not make any significant difference!")
+	}, time.Duration(10)*time.Second))
+
+	bodyHandler := func(ctx *iris.Context) {
+		ctx.Markdown(iris.StatusOK, testMarkdownContents)
+	}
+
+	expiration := time.Duration(5 * time.Second)
+
+	app.Get("/", app.Cache(bodyHandler, expiration))
+
+	// if expiration is <=time.Second then the cache tries to set the expiration from the "cache-control" maxage header's value(in seconds)
+	// // if this header doesn't founds then the default is 5 minutes
+	app.Get("/cache_control", app.Cache(func(ctx *iris.Context) {
+		ctx.HTML(iris.StatusOK, "<h1>Hello!</h1>")
+	}, -1))
+
+	app.Listen(":8080")
+}

_examples/examples/favicon/main.go

@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+package main
+
+import (
+	"gopkg.in/kataras/iris.v6"
+	"gopkg.in/kataras/iris.v6/adaptors/httprouter"
+)
+
+func main() {
+	app := iris.New()
+	app.Adapt(httprouter.New())
+	// This will serve the ./static/favicons/iris_favicon_32_32.ico to: localhost:8080/favicon.ico
+	app.Favicon("./static/favicons/iris_favicon_32_32.ico")
+
+	// app.Favicon("./static/favicons/iris_favicon_32_32.ico", "/favicon_32_32.ico")
+	// This will serve the ./static/favicons/iris_favicon_32_32.ico to: localhost:8080/favicon_32_32.ico
+
+	app.Get("/", func(ctx *iris.Context) {
+		ctx.HTML(iris.StatusOK, `You should see the favicon now at the side of your browser,
+      if not, please refresh or clear the browser's cache.`)
+	})
+
+	app.Listen(":8080")
+}

_examples/examples/forms/main.go

@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+package main
+
+import (
+	"gopkg.in/kataras/iris.v6"
+	"gopkg.in/kataras/iris.v6/adaptors/httprouter"
+	"gopkg.in/kataras/iris.v6/adaptors/view"
+)
+
+// ContactDetails the information from user
+type ContactDetails struct {
+	Email   string `form:"email"`
+	Subject string `form:"subject"`
+	Message string `form:"message"`
+}
+
+func main() {
+	app := iris.New()
+	app.Adapt(httprouter.New())
+
+	// Parse all files inside `./mytemplates` directory ending with `.html`
+	app.Adapt(view.HTML("./mytemplates", ".html"))
+
+	app.Get("/", func(ctx *iris.Context) {
+		ctx.Render("forms.html", nil)
+	})
+
+	// Equivalent with app.HandleFunc("POST", ...)
+	app.Post("/", func(ctx *iris.Context) {
+
+		// details := ContactDetails{
+		// 	Email:   ctx.FormValue("email"),
+		// 	Subject: ctx.FormValue("subject"),
+		// 	Message: ctx.FormValue("message"),
+		// }
+
+		// or simply:
+		var details ContactDetails
+		ctx.ReadForm(&details)
+
+		// do something with details
+		_ = details
+
+		ctx.Render("forms.html", struct{ Success bool }{true})
+	})
+
+	app.Listen(":8080")
+}

_examples/examples/forms/mytemplates/forms.html

@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+{{if .Success}}
+	<h1>Thanks for your message!</h1>
+{{else}}
+	<h1>Contact</h1>
+	<form method="POST">
+		<label>Email:</label><br />
+		<input type="text" name="email"><br />
+		<label>Subject:</label><br />
+		<input type="text" name="subject"><br />
+		<label>Message:</label><br />
+		<textarea name="message"></textarea><br />
+		<input type="submit">
+	</form>
+{{end}}

_examples/examples/hello-world/main.go

@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+package main
+
+import (
+	"gopkg.in/kataras/iris.v6"
+	"gopkg.in/kataras/iris.v6/adaptors/httprouter"
+)
+
+func main() {
+	app := iris.New()
+	// Adapt the "httprouter", faster,
+	// but it has limits on named path parameters' validation,
+	// you can adapt "gorillamux" if you need regexp path validation!
+	app.Adapt(httprouter.New())
+
+	app.HandleFunc("GET", "/", func(ctx *iris.Context) {
+		ctx.Writef("hello world\n")
+	})
+
+	app.Listen(":8080")
+}

_examples/examples/json/main.go

@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+package main
+
+import (
+	"gopkg.in/kataras/iris.v6"
+	"gopkg.in/kataras/iris.v6/adaptors/httprouter"
+)
+
+// User bind struct
+type User struct {
+	Firstname string `json:"firstname"`
+	Lastname  string `json:"lastname"`
+	Age       int    `json:"age"`
+}
+
+func main() {
+	app := iris.New()
+	app.Adapt(httprouter.New())
+
+	app.Post("/decode", func(ctx *iris.Context) {
+		var user User
+		ctx.ReadJSON(&user)
+
+		ctx.Writef("%s %s is %d years old!", user.Firstname, user.Lastname, user.Age)
+	})
+
+	app.Get("/encode", func(ctx *iris.Context) {
+		peter := User{
+			Firstname: "John",
+			Lastname:  "Doe",
+			Age:       25,
+		}
+
+		ctx.JSON(iris.StatusOK, peter)
+	})
+
+	app.Listen(":8080")
+}

_examples/examples/online-visitors/main.go

@@ -0,0 +1,170 @@
+package main
+
+import (
+	"sync/atomic"
+
+	"gopkg.in/kataras/iris.v6"
+	"gopkg.in/kataras/iris.v6/adaptors/httprouter"
+	"gopkg.in/kataras/iris.v6/adaptors/view"
+	"gopkg.in/kataras/iris.v6/adaptors/websocket"
+)
+
+var (
+	app *iris.Framework
+	ws  websocket.Server
+)
+
+func init() {
+	// init the server instance
+	app = iris.New()
+	// adapt a logger in dev mode
+	app.Adapt(iris.DevLogger())
+	// adapt router
+	app.Adapt(httprouter.New())
+	// adapt templaes
+	app.Adapt(view.HTML("./templates", ".html").Reload(true))
+	// adapt websocket
+	ws = websocket.New(websocket.Config{Endpoint: "/my_endpoint"})
+	ws.OnConnection(HandleWebsocketConnection)
+	app.Adapt(ws)
+}
+
+type page struct {
+	PageID string
+}
+
+func main() {
+	app.StaticWeb("/js", "./static/assets/js")
+
+	h := func(ctx *iris.Context) {
+		ctx.Render("index.html", page{PageID: "index page"})
+	}
+
+	h2 := func(ctx *iris.Context) {
+		ctx.Render("other.html", page{PageID: "other page"})
+	}
+
+	// Open some browser tabs/or windows
+	// and navigate to
+	// http://localhost:8080/ and http://localhost:8080/other
+	// Each page has its own online-visitors counter.
+	app.Get("/", h)
+	app.Get("/other", h2)
+	app.Listen(":8080")
+}
+
+type pageView struct {
+	source string
+	count  uint64
+}
+
+func (v *pageView) increment() {
+	atomic.AddUint64(&v.count, 1)
+}
+
+func (v *pageView) decrement() {
+	oldCount := v.count
+	if oldCount > 0 {
+		atomic.StoreUint64(&v.count, oldCount-1)
+	}
+}
+
+func (v *pageView) getCount() uint64 {
+	val := atomic.LoadUint64(&v.count)
+	return val
+}
+
+type (
+	pageViews []pageView
+)
+
+func (v *pageViews) Add(source string) {
+	args := *v
+	n := len(args)
+	for i := 0; i < n; i++ {
+		kv := &args[i]
+		if kv.source == source {
+			kv.increment()
+			return
+		}
+	}
+
+	c := cap(args)
+	if c > n {
+		args = args[:n+1]
+		kv := &args[n]
+		kv.source = source
+		kv.count = 1
+		*v = args
+		return
+	}
+
+	kv := pageView{}
+	kv.source = source
+	kv.count = 1
+	*v = append(args, kv)
+}
+
+func (v *pageViews) Get(source string) *pageView {
+	args := *v
+	n := len(args)
+	for i := 0; i < n; i++ {
+		kv := &args[i]
+		if kv.source == source {
+			return kv
+		}
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (v *pageViews) Reset() {
+	*v = (*v)[:0]
+}
+
+var v pageViews
+
+// HandleWebsocketConnection handles the online viewers per example(gist source)
+func HandleWebsocketConnection(c websocket.Connection) {
+
+	c.On("watch", func(pageSource string) {
+		v.Add(pageSource)
+		// join the socket to a room linked with the page source
+		c.Join(pageSource)
+
+		viewsCount := v.Get(pageSource).getCount()
+		if viewsCount == 0 {
+			viewsCount++ // count should be always > 0 here
+		}
+		c.To(pageSource).Emit("watch", viewsCount)
+	})
+
+	c.OnLeave(func(roomName string) {
+		if roomName != c.ID() { // if the roomName  it's not the connection iself
+			// the roomName here is the source, this is the only room(except the connection's ID room) which we join the users to.
+			pageV := v.Get(roomName)
+			if pageV == nil {
+				return // for any case that this room is not a pageView source
+			}
+			// decrement -1 the specific counter for this page source.
+			pageV.decrement()
+			// 1. open 30 tabs.
+			// 2. close the browser.
+			// 3. re-open the browser
+			// 4. should be  v.getCount() = 1
+			// in order to achieve the previous flow we should decrement exactly when the user disconnects
+			// but emit the result a little after, on a goroutine
+			// getting all connections within this room and emit the online views one by one.
+			// note:
+			// we can also add a time.Sleep(2-3 seconds) inside the goroutine at the future if we don't need 'real-time' updates.
+			go func(currentConnID string) {
+				for _, conn := range ws.GetConnectionsByRoom(roomName) {
+					if conn.ID() != currentConnID {
+						conn.Emit("watch", pageV.getCount())
+					}
+
+				}
+			}(c.ID())
+		}
+
+	})
+}

_examples/examples/online-visitors/static/assets/js/visitors.js

@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+(function() {
+  var socket = new Ws("ws://localhost:8080/my_endpoint");
+
+  socket.OnConnect(function () {
+      socket.Emit("watch", PAGE_SOURCE);
+  });
+
+
+  socket.On("watch", function (onlineViews) {
+      var text = "1 online view";
+      if (onlineViews > 1) {
+          text = onlineViews + " online views";
+      }
+      document.getElementById("online_views").innerHTML = text;
+  });
+
+  socket.OnDisconnect(function () {
+    document.getElementById("online_views").innerHTML = "you've been disconnected";
+  });
+
+})();

_examples/examples/online-visitors/templates/index.html

@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+<html>
+
+<head>
+    <title>Online visitors example</title>
+    <style>
+        body {
+            margin: 0;
+            font-family: -apple-system, "San Francisco", "Helvetica Neue", "Noto", "Roboto", "Calibri Light", sans-serif;
+            color: #212121;
+            font-size: 1.0em;
+            line-height: 1.6;
+        }
+
+        .container {
+            max-width: 750px;
+            margin: auto;
+            padding: 15px;
+        }
+
+        #online_views {
+            font-weight: bold;
+            font-size: 18px;
+        }
+    </style>
+</head>
+
+<body>
+    <div class="container">
+        <span id="online_views">1 online view</span>
+    </div>
+
+    <script type="text/javascript">
+      /* take the page source from our passed struct  on .Render */
+      var PAGE_SOURCE = {{ .PageID }}
+    </script>
+
+    <script src="/iris-ws.js"></script>
+
+    <script src="/js/visitors.js"></script>
+
+</body>
+
+</html>

_examples/examples/online-visitors/templates/other.html

@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+<html>
+
+<head>
+    <title>Different page, different results</title>
+    <style>
+        #online_views {
+            font-weight: bold;
+            font-size: 18px;
+        }
+    </style>
+</head>
+
+<body>
+
+    <span id="online_views">1 online view</span>
+
+
+    <script type="text/javascript">
+      /* take the page source from our passed struct  on .Render */
+      var PAGE_SOURCE = {{ .PageID }}
+    </script>
+
+    <script src="/iris-ws.js"></script>
+
+    <script src="/js/visitors.js"></script>
+
+</body>
+
+</html>

_examples/examples/password-hashing/main.go

@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+package main
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+
+	"golang.org/x/crypto/bcrypt"
+)
+
+func HashPassword(password string) (string, error) {
+	bytes, err := bcrypt.GenerateFromPassword([]byte(password), 14)
+	return string(bytes), err
+}
+
+func CheckPasswordHash(password, hash string) bool {
+	err := bcrypt.CompareHashAndPassword([]byte(hash), []byte(password))
+	return err == nil
+}
+
+func main() {
+	password := "secret"
+	hash, _ := HashPassword(password) // ignore error for the sake of simplicity
+
+	fmt.Println("Password:", password)
+	fmt.Println("Hash:    ", hash)
+
+	match := CheckPasswordHash(password, hash)
+	fmt.Println("Match:   ", match)
+}

_examples/examples/routes-using-gorillamux/main.go

@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+package main
+
+import (
+	"gopkg.in/kataras/iris.v6"
+	"gopkg.in/kataras/iris.v6/adaptors/gorillamux"
+)
+
+func main() {
+	app := iris.New()
+	// Adapt the "httprouter", you can use "gorillamux" too.
+	app.Adapt(gorillamux.New())
+
+	userAges := map[string]int{
+		"Alice":  25,
+		"Bob":    30,
+		"Claire": 29,
+	}
+
+	// Equivalent with app.HandleFunc("GET", ...)
+	app.Get("/users/{name}", func(ctx *iris.Context) {
+		name := ctx.Param("name")
+		age := userAges[name]
+
+		ctx.Writef("%s is %d years old!", name, age)
+	})
+
+	app.Listen(":8080")
+}

_examples/examples/routes-using-httprouter/main.go

@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+package main
+
+import (
+	"gopkg.in/kataras/iris.v6"
+	"gopkg.in/kataras/iris.v6/adaptors/httprouter"
+)
+
+func main() {
+	app := iris.New()
+	app.Adapt(httprouter.New())
+
+	userAges := map[string]int{
+		"Alice":  25,
+		"Bob":    30,
+		"Claire": 29,
+	}
+
+	// Equivalent with app.HandleFunc("GET", ...)
+	app.Get("/users/:name", func(ctx *iris.Context) {
+		name := ctx.Param("name")
+		age := userAges[name]
+
+		ctx.Writef("%s is %d years old!", name, age)
+	})
+
+	app.Listen(":8080")
+}

_examples/examples/sessions/main.go

@@ -0,0 +1,54 @@
+package main
+
+import (
+	"gopkg.in/kataras/iris.v6"
+	"gopkg.in/kataras/iris.v6/adaptors/httprouter"
+	"gopkg.in/kataras/iris.v6/adaptors/sessions"
+)
+
+var (
+	key = "my_sessionid"
+)
+
+func secret(ctx *iris.Context) {
+
+	// Check if user is authenticated
+	if auth, _ := ctx.Session().GetBoolean("authenticated"); !auth {
+		ctx.EmitError(iris.StatusForbidden)
+		return
+	}
+
+	// Print secret message
+	ctx.WriteString("The cake is a lie!")
+}
+
+func login(ctx *iris.Context) {
+	session := ctx.Session()
+
+	// Authentication goes here
+	// ...
+
+	// Set user as authenticated
+	session.Set("authenticated", true)
+}
+
+func logout(ctx *iris.Context) {
+	session := ctx.Session()
+
+	// Revoke users authentication
+	session.Set("authenticated", false)
+}
+
+func main() {
+	app := iris.New()
+	app.Adapt(httprouter.New())
+
+	sess := sessions.New(sessions.Config{Cookie: key})
+	app.Adapt(sess)
+
+	app.Get("/secret", secret)
+	app.Get("/login", login)
+	app.Get("/logout", logout)
+
+	app.Listen(":8080")
+}

_examples/examples/static-files/assets/css/styles.css

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+body {
+    background-color: black;
+}

_examples/examples/static-files/main.go

@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+package main
+
+import (
+	"gopkg.in/kataras/iris.v6"
+	"gopkg.in/kataras/iris.v6/adaptors/httprouter"
+)
+
+func main() {
+	app := iris.New()
+	app.Adapt(httprouter.New())
+	// first parameter is the request path
+	// second is the operating system directory
+	app.StaticWeb("/static", "./assets")
+
+	app.Listen(":8080")
+}

_examples/examples/templates/main.go

@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+package main
+
+import (
+	"gopkg.in/kataras/iris.v6"
+	"gopkg.in/kataras/iris.v6/adaptors/httprouter"
+	"gopkg.in/kataras/iris.v6/adaptors/view"
+)
+
+// Todo bind struct
+type Todo struct {
+	Task string
+	Done bool
+}
+
+func main() {
+	// Configuration is optional
+	app := iris.New(iris.Configuration{Gzip: false, Charset: "UTF-8"})
+
+	// Adapt a logger which will print all errors to os.Stdout
+	app.Adapt(iris.DevLogger())
+
+	// Adapt the httprouter (we will use that on all examples)
+	app.Adapt(httprouter.New())
+
+	// Parse all files inside `./mytemplates` directory ending with `.html`
+	app.Adapt(view.HTML("./mytemplates", ".html"))
+
+	todos := []Todo{
+		{"Learn Go", true},
+		{"Read GopherBOOk", true},
+		{"Create a web app in Go", false},
+	}
+
+	app.Get("/", func(ctx *iris.Context) {
+		ctx.Render("todos.html", struct{ Todos []Todo }{todos})
+	})
+
+	app.Listen(":8080")
+}

_examples/examples/templates/mytemplates/todos.html

@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+<h1>Todos</h1>
+<ul>
+	{{range .Todos}}
+		{{if .Done}}
+			<li><s>{{.Task}}</s></li>
+		{{else}}
+			<li>{{.Task}}</li>
+		{{end}}
+	{{end}}
+</ul>

_examples/examples/upload-files/main.go

@@ -0,0 +1,69 @@
+package main
+
+import (
+	"crypto/md5"
+	"fmt"
+	"io"
+	"os"
+	"strconv"
+	"time"
+
+	"gopkg.in/kataras/iris.v6"
+	"gopkg.in/kataras/iris.v6/adaptors/httprouter"
+	"gopkg.in/kataras/iris.v6/adaptors/view"
+)
+
+func main() {
+	app := iris.New()
+	app.Adapt(iris.DevLogger())
+	app.Adapt(httprouter.New())
+	app.Adapt(view.HTML("./templates", ".html"))
+
+	// Serve the form.html to the user
+	app.Get("/upload", func(ctx *iris.Context) {
+		//create a token (optionally)
+
+		now := time.Now().Unix()
+		h := md5.New()
+		io.WriteString(h, strconv.FormatInt(now, 10))
+		token := fmt.Sprintf("%x", h.Sum(nil))
+		//render the form with the token for any use you like
+		ctx.Render("upload_form.html", token)
+	})
+
+	// Handle the post request from the upload_form.html to the server
+	app.Post("/upload", iris.LimitRequestBodySize(10<<20),
+		func(ctx *iris.Context) {
+			// or use ctx.SetMaxRequestBodySize(10 << 20)
+			//to limit the uploaded file(s) size.
+
+			// Get the file from the request
+			file, info, err := ctx.FormFile("uploadfile")
+
+			if err != nil {
+				ctx.HTML(iris.StatusInternalServerError,
+					"Error while uploading: <b>"+err.Error()+"</b>")
+				return
+			}
+
+			defer file.Close()
+			fname := info.Filename
+
+			// Create a file with the same name
+			// assuming that you have a folder named 'uploads'
+			out, err := os.OpenFile("./uploads/"+fname,
+				os.O_WRONLY|os.O_CREATE, 0666)
+
+			if err != nil {
+				ctx.HTML(iris.StatusInternalServerError,
+					"Error while uploading: <b>"+err.Error()+"</b>")
+				return
+			}
+			defer out.Close()
+
+			io.Copy(out, file)
+		})
+
+	// start the server at 127.0.0.1:8080
+	app.Listen(":8080")
+}

_examples/examples/upload-files/templates/upload_form.html

@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+<html>
+<head>
+<title>Upload file</title>
+</head>
+<body>
+	<form enctype="multipart/form-data"
+		action="http://127.0.0.1:8080/upload" method="post">
+		<input type="file" name="uploadfile" /> <input type="hidden"
+			name="token" value="{{.}}" /> <input type="submit" value="upload" />
+	</form>
+</body>
+</html>

_examples/examples/url-shortener/main.go

@@ -0,0 +1,132 @@
+package main
+
+import (
+	"html/template"
+	"math/rand"
+	"net/url"
+	"sync"
+	"time"
+
+	"gopkg.in/kataras/iris.v6"
+	"gopkg.in/kataras/iris.v6/adaptors/httprouter"
+	"gopkg.in/kataras/iris.v6/adaptors/view"
+)
+
+func main() {
+	app := iris.New()
+	app.Adapt(
+		iris.DevLogger(),
+		httprouter.New(),
+		view.HTML("./templates", ".html").Reload(true),
+	)
+
+	// Serve static files (css)
+	app.StaticWeb("/static", "./static_files")
+
+	var mu sync.Mutex
+	var urls = map[string]string{
+		"iris": "http://support.iris-go.com",
+	}
+
+	app.Get("/", func(ctx *iris.Context) {
+		ctx.Render("index.html", iris.Map{"url_count": len(urls)})
+	})
+
+	// find and execute a short url by its key
+	// used on http://localhost:8080/url/dsaoj41u321dsa
+	execShortURL := func(ctx *iris.Context, key string) {
+		if key == "" {
+			ctx.EmitError(iris.StatusBadRequest)
+			return
+		}
+
+		value, found := urls[key]
+		if !found {
+			ctx.SetStatusCode(iris.StatusNotFound)
+			ctx.Writef("Short URL for key: '%s' not found", key)
+			return
+		}
+
+		ctx.Redirect(value, iris.StatusTemporaryRedirect)
+	}
+	app.Get("/url/:shortkey", func(ctx *iris.Context) {
+		execShortURL(ctx, ctx.Param("shortkey"))
+	})
+
+	//  for wildcard subdomain (yeah.. cool) http://dsaoj41u321dsa.localhost:8080
+	// Note:
+	// if you want subdomains (chrome doesn't works on localhost, so you have to define other hostname on app.Listen)
+	// app.Party("*.", func(ctx *iris.Context) {
+	// 	execShortURL(ctx, ctx.Subdomain())
+	// })
+
+	app.Post("/url/shorten", func(ctx *iris.Context) {
+		data := make(map[string]interface{}, 0)
+		data["url_count"] = len(urls)
+		value := ctx.FormValue("url")
+		if value == "" {
+			data["form_result"] = "You need to a enter a URL."
+		} else {
+			urlValue, err := url.ParseRequestURI(value)
+			if err != nil {
+				// ctx.JSON(iris.StatusInternalServerError,
+				// 	iris.Map{"status": iris.StatusInternalServerError,
+				// 		"error":  err.Error(),
+				// 		"reason": "Invalid URL",
+				// 	})
+				data["form_result"] = "Invalid URL."
+			} else {
+				key := randomString(12)
+				// Make sure that the key is unique
+				for {
+					if _, exists := urls[key]; !exists {
+						break
+					}
+					key = randomString(8)
+				}
+				mu.Lock()
+				urls[key] = urlValue.String()
+				mu.Unlock()
+				ctx.SetStatusCode(iris.StatusOK)
+				shortenURL := "http://" + app.Config.VHost + "/url/" + key
+				data["form_result"] = template.HTML("<pre>Here is your short URL: <a href='" + shortenURL + "'>" + shortenURL + " </a></pre>")
+			}
+
+		}
+		ctx.Render("index.html", data)
+	})
+
+	app.Listen("localhost:8080")
+}
+
+//  +------------------------------------------------------------+
+//  |                                                            |
+//  |                      Random String                         |
+//  |                                                            |
+//  +------------------------------------------------------------+
+
+const (
+	letterBytes   = "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ"
+	letterIdxBits = 6                    // 6 bits to represent a letter index
+	letterIdxMask = 1<<letterIdxBits - 1 // All 1-bits, as many as letterIdxBits
+	letterIdxMax  = 63 / letterIdxBits   // # of letter indices fitting in 63 bits
+)
+
+func randomString(n int) string {
+	src := rand.NewSource(time.Now().UnixNano())
+	b := make([]byte, n)
+	// A src.Int63() generates 63 random bits, enough for letterIdxMax characters!
+	for i, cache, remain := n-1, src.Int63(), letterIdxMax; i >= 0; {
+		if remain == 0 {
+			cache, remain = src.Int63(), letterIdxMax
+		}
+		if idx := int(cache & letterIdxMask); idx < len(letterBytes) {
+			b[i] = letterBytes[idx]
+			i--
+		}
+		cache >>= letterIdxBits
+		remain--
+	}
+
+	return string(b)
+}

_examples/examples/url-shortener/static_files/style.css

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+body{
+    background-color:silver;
+}

_examples/examples/url-shortener/templates/index.html

@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+<html>
+
+<head>
+    <meta charset="utf-8">
+    <title>Golang URL Shortener</title>
+    <link rel="stylesheet" href="/static/css/style.css" />
+</head>
+
+<body>
+    <h2>Golang URL Shortener</h2>
+    <h3>{{ .form_result}}</h3>
+    <form action="/url/shorten" method="POST">
+        <input type="text" name="url" style="width: 35em;" />
+        <input type="submit" value="Shorten!" />
+    </form>
+
+    <p>{{ .url_count }} URLs shortened</p>
+</body>
+
+</html>

_examples/examples/websockets/main.go

@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+package main
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+
+	"gopkg.in/kataras/iris.v6"
+	"gopkg.in/kataras/iris.v6/adaptors/httprouter"
+	"gopkg.in/kataras/iris.v6/adaptors/websocket"
+)
+
+func handleConnection(c websocket.Connection) {
+
+	// Read events from browser
+	c.On("chat", func(msg string) {
+
+		// Print the message to the console
+		fmt.Printf("%s sent: %s\n", c.Context().RemoteAddr(), msg)
+
+		// Write message back to browser
+		c.Emit("chat", msg)
+	})
+
+}
+
+func main() {
+	app := iris.New()
+	app.Adapt(iris.DevLogger())
+	app.Adapt(httprouter.New())
+
+	// create our echo websocket server
+	ws := websocket.New(websocket.Config{
+		ReadBufferSize:  1024,
+		WriteBufferSize: 1024,
+		Endpoint:        "/echo",
+	})
+
+	ws.OnConnection(handleConnection)
+
+	// Adapt the websocket server.
+	// you can adapt more than one of course.
+	app.Adapt(ws)
+
+	app.Get("/", func(ctx *iris.Context) {
+		ctx.ServeFile("websockets.html", false) // second parameter: enable gzip?
+	})
+
+	app.Listen(":8080")
+}

_examples/examples/websockets/websockets.html

@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+<input id="input" type="text" />
+<button onclick="send()">Send</button>
+<pre id="output"></pre>
+<script src="/iris-ws.js"></script>
+<script>
+	var input = document.getElementById("input");
+	var output = document.getElementById("output");
+
+	// Ws comes from the auto-served '/iris-ws.js'
+	var socket = new Ws("ws://localhost:8080/echo");
+	socket.OnConnect(function () {
+		output.innerHTML += "Status: Connected\n";
+	});
+
+	socket.OnDisconnect(function () {
+		output.innerHTML += "Status: Disconnected\n";
+	});
+
+	// read events from the server
+	socket.On("chat", function (msg) {
+		output.innerHTML += "Server: " + msg + "\n";
+	});
+
+	function send() {
+		// send chat event data to the server
+		socket.Emit("chat", input.value);
+		input.value = "";
+	}
+</script>

adaptors/httprouter/httprouter.go

@@ -42,64 +42,19 @@ const (
 	slash = "/"
 	// matchEverythingByte is just a byte of '*" rune/char
 	matchEverythingByte = byte('*')
-
-	isRoot entryCase = iota
-	hasParams
-	matchEverything
 )
 
-type (
-	// entryCase is the type which the type of muxEntryusing in order to determinate what type (parameterized, anything, static...) is the perticular node
-	entryCase uint8
-
-	// muxEntry is the node of a tree of the routes,
-	// in order to learn how this is working, google 'trie' or watch this lecture: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uhAUk63tLRM
-	// this method is used by the BSD's kernel also
-	muxEntry struct {
-		part        string
-		entryCase   entryCase
-		hasWildNode bool
-		tokens      string
-		nodes       []*muxEntry
-		middleware  iris.Middleware
-		precedence  uint64
-		paramsLen   uint8
+func min(a, b int) int {
+	if a <= b {
+		return a
 	}
-)
+	return b
+}
 
-var (
-	errMuxEntryConflictsWildcard = errors.New(`
-			httprouter: '%s' in new path '%s'
-							conflicts with existing wildcarded route with path: '%s'
-							in existing prefix of'%s' `)
-
-	errMuxEntryMiddlewareAlreadyExists = errors.New(`
-		httprouter: Middleware were already registered for the path: '%s'`)
-
-	errMuxEntryInvalidWildcard = errors.New(`
-		httprouter: More than one wildcard found in the path part: '%s' in route's path: '%s'`)
-
-	errMuxEntryConflictsExistingWildcard = errors.New(`
-		httprouter: Wildcard for route path: '%s' conflicts with existing children in route path: '%s'`)
-
-	errMuxEntryWildcardUnnamed = errors.New(`
-		httprouter: Unnamed wildcard found in path: '%s'`)
-
-	errMuxEntryWildcardInvalidPlace = errors.New(`
-		httprouter: Wildcard is only allowed at the end of the path, in the route path: '%s'`)
-
-	errMuxEntryWildcardConflictsMiddleware = errors.New(`
-		httprouter: Wildcard  conflicts with existing middleware for the route path: '%s'`)
-
-	errMuxEntryWildcardMissingSlash = errors.New(`
-		httprouter: No slash(/) were found before wildcard in the route path: '%s'`)
-)
-
-// getParamsLen returns the parameters length from a given path
-func getParamsLen(path string) uint8 {
+func countParams(path string) uint8 {
 	var n uint
 	for i := 0; i < len(path); i++ {
-		if path[i] != ':' && path[i] != '*' { // ParameterStartByte & MatchEverythingByte
+		if path[i] != ':' && path[i] != '*' {
 			continue
 		}
 		n++
@@ -110,304 +65,391 @@ func getParamsLen(path string) uint8 {
 	return uint8(n)
 }
 
-// findLower returns the smaller number between a and b
-func findLower(a, b int) int {
-	if a <= b {
-		return a
-	}
-	return b
+type nodeType uint8
+
+const (
+	static nodeType = iota // default
+	root
+	param
+	catchAll
+)
+
+type node struct {
+	path      string
+	wildChild bool
+	nType     nodeType
+	maxParams uint8
+	indices   string
+	children  []*node
+	handle    iris.Middleware
+	priority  uint32
 }
 
-// add adds a muxEntry to the existing muxEntry or to the tree if no muxEntry has the prefix of
-func (e *muxEntry) add(path string, middleware iris.Middleware) error {
-	fullPath := path
-	e.precedence++
-	numParams := getParamsLen(path)
+// increments priority of the given child and reorders if necessary
+func (n *node) incrementChildPrio(pos int) int {
+	n.children[pos].priority++
+	prio := n.children[pos].priority
 
-	if len(e.part) > 0 || len(e.nodes) > 0 {
-	loop:
+	// adjust position (move to front)
+	newPos := pos
+	for newPos > 0 && n.children[newPos-1].priority < prio {
+		// swap node positions
+		n.children[newPos-1], n.children[newPos] = n.children[newPos], n.children[newPos-1]
+
+		newPos--
+	}
+
+	// build new index char string
+	if newPos != pos {
+		n.indices = n.indices[:newPos] + // unchanged prefix, might be empty
+			n.indices[pos:pos+1] + // the index char we move
+			n.indices[newPos:pos] + n.indices[pos+1:] // rest without char at 'pos'
+	}
+
+	return newPos
+}
+
+// addRoute adds a node with the given handle to the path.
+// Not concurrency-safe!
+func (n *node) addRoute(path string, handle iris.Middleware) error {
+	fullPath := path
+	n.priority++
+	numParams := countParams(path)
+
+	// non-empty tree
+	if len(n.path) > 0 || len(n.children) > 0 {
+	walk:
 		for {
-			if numParams > e.paramsLen {
-				e.paramsLen = numParams
+			// Update maxParams of the current node
+			if numParams > n.maxParams {
+				n.maxParams = numParams
 			}
 
+			// Find the longest common prefix.
+			// This also implies that the common prefix contains no ':' or '*'
+			// since the existing key can't contain those chars.
 			i := 0
-			max := findLower(len(path), len(e.part))
-			for i < max && path[i] == e.part[i] {
+			max := min(len(path), len(n.path))
+			for i < max && path[i] == n.path[i] {
 				i++
 			}
 
-			if i < len(e.part) {
-				node := muxEntry{
-					part:        e.part[i:],
-					hasWildNode: e.hasWildNode,
-					tokens:      e.tokens,
-					nodes:       e.nodes,
-					middleware:  e.middleware,
-					precedence:  e.precedence - 1,
+			// Split edge
+			if i < len(n.path) {
+				child := node{
+					path:      n.path[i:],
+					wildChild: n.wildChild,
+					nType:     static,
+					indices:   n.indices,
+					children:  n.children,
+					handle:    n.handle,
+					priority:  n.priority - 1,
 				}
 
-				for i := range node.nodes {
-					if node.nodes[i].paramsLen > node.paramsLen {
-						node.paramsLen = node.nodes[i].paramsLen
+				// Update maxParams (max of all children)
+				for i := range child.children {
+					if child.children[i].maxParams > child.maxParams {
+						child.maxParams = child.children[i].maxParams
 					}
 				}
 
-				e.nodes = []*muxEntry{&node}
-				e.tokens = string([]byte{e.part[i]})
-				e.part = path[:i]
-				e.middleware = nil
-				e.hasWildNode = false
+				n.children = []*node{&child}
+				// []byte for proper unicode char conversion, see #65
+				n.indices = string([]byte{n.path[i]})
+				n.path = path[:i]
+				n.handle = nil
+				n.wildChild = false
 			}
 
+			// Make new node a child of this node
 			if i < len(path) {
 				path = path[i:]
 
-				if e.hasWildNode {
-					e = e.nodes[0]
-					e.precedence++
+				if n.wildChild {
+					n = n.children[0]
+					n.priority++
 
-					if numParams > e.paramsLen {
-						e.paramsLen = numParams
+					// Update maxParams of the child node
+					if numParams > n.maxParams {
+						n.maxParams = numParams
 					}
 					numParams--
 
-					if len(path) >= len(e.part) && e.part == path[:len(e.part)] &&
+					// Check if the wildcard matches
+					if len(path) >= len(n.path) && n.path == path[:len(n.path)] &&
 						// Check for longer wildcard, e.g. :name and :names
-						(len(e.part) >= len(path) || path[len(e.part)] == '/') {
-						continue loop
+						(len(n.path) >= len(path) || path[len(n.path)] == '/') {
+						continue walk
 					} else {
 						// Wildcard conflict
-						part := strings.SplitN(path, "/", 2)[0]
-						prefix := fullPath[:strings.Index(fullPath, part)] + e.part
-						return errMuxEntryConflictsWildcard.Format(fullPath, e.part, prefix)
-
+						pathSeg := strings.SplitN(path, "/", 2)[0]
+						prefix := fullPath[:strings.Index(fullPath, pathSeg)] + n.path
+						return errors.New("'" + pathSeg +
+							"' in new path '" + fullPath +
+							"' conflicts with existing wildcard '" + n.path +
+							"' in existing prefix '" + prefix +
+							"'")
 					}
-
 				}
 
 				c := path[0]
 
-				if e.entryCase == hasParams && c == slashByte && len(e.nodes) == 1 {
-					e = e.nodes[0]
-					e.precedence++
-					continue loop
+				// slash after param
+				if n.nType == param && c == '/' && len(n.children) == 1 {
+					n = n.children[0]
+					n.priority++
+					continue walk
 				}
-				for i := range e.tokens {
-					if c == e.tokens[i] {
-						i = e.precedenceTo(i)
-						e = e.nodes[i]
-						continue loop
+
+				// Check if a child with the next path byte exists
+				for i := 0; i < len(n.indices); i++ {
+					if c == n.indices[i] {
+						i = n.incrementChildPrio(i)
+						n = n.children[i]
+						continue walk
 					}
 				}
 
-				if c != parameterStartByte && c != matchEverythingByte {
-
-					e.tokens += string([]byte{c})
-					node := &muxEntry{
-						paramsLen: numParams,
+				// Otherwise insert it
+				if c != ':' && c != '*' {
+					// []byte for proper unicode char conversion, see #65
+					n.indices += string([]byte{c})
+					child := &node{
+						maxParams: numParams,
 					}
-					e.nodes = append(e.nodes, node)
-					e.precedenceTo(len(e.tokens) - 1)
-					e = node
+					n.children = append(n.children, child)
+					n.incrementChildPrio(len(n.indices) - 1)
+					n = child
 				}
-				return e.addNode(numParams, path, fullPath, middleware)
+				return n.insertChild(numParams, path, fullPath, handle)
 
-			} else if i == len(path) {
-				if e.middleware != nil {
-					return errMuxEntryMiddlewareAlreadyExists.Format(fullPath)
+			} else if i == len(path) { // Make node a (in-path) leaf
+				if n.handle != nil {
+					return errors.New("a handle is already registered for path '" + fullPath + "'")
 				}
-				e.middleware = middleware
+				n.handle = handle
 			}
 			return nil
 		}
-	} else {
-		if err := e.addNode(numParams, path, fullPath, middleware); err != nil {
-			return err
-		}
-		e.entryCase = isRoot
+	} else { // Empty tree
+		n.insertChild(numParams, path, fullPath, handle)
+		n.nType = root
 	}
 	return nil
 }
 
-// addNode adds a muxEntry as children to other muxEntry
-func (e *muxEntry) addNode(numParams uint8, path string, fullPath string, middleware iris.Middleware) error {
-	var offset int
+func (n *node) insertChild(numParams uint8, path, fullPath string, handle iris.Middleware) error {
+	var offset int // already handled bytes of the path
 
+	// find prefix until first wildcard (beginning with ':'' or '*'')
 	for i, max := 0, len(path); numParams > 0; i++ {
 		c := path[i]
-		if c != parameterStartByte && c != matchEverythingByte {
+		if c != ':' && c != '*' {
 			continue
 		}
 
+		// find wildcard end (either '/' or path end)
 		end := i + 1
-		for end < max && path[end] != slashByte {
+		for end < max && path[end] != '/' {
 			switch path[end] {
-			case parameterStartByte, matchEverythingByte:
-				return errMuxEntryInvalidWildcard.Format(path[i:], fullPath)
+			// the wildcard name must not contain ':' and '*'
+			case ':', '*':
+				return errors.New("only one wildcard per path segment is allowed, has: '" +
+					path[i:] + "' in path '" + fullPath + "'")
 			default:
 				end++
 			}
 		}
 
-		if len(e.nodes) > 0 {
-			return errMuxEntryConflictsExistingWildcard.Format(path[i:end], fullPath)
+		// check if this Node existing children which would be
+		// unreachable if we insert the wildcard here
+		if len(n.children) > 0 {
+			return errors.New("wildcard route '" + path[i:end] +
+				"' conflicts with existing children in path '" + fullPath + "'")
 		}
 
+		// check if the wildcard has a name
 		if end-i < 2 {
-			return errMuxEntryWildcardUnnamed.Format(fullPath)
+			return errors.New("wildcards must be named with a non-empty name in path '" + fullPath + "'")
 		}
 
-		if c == parameterStartByte {
-
+		if c == ':' { // param
+			// split path at the beginning of the wildcard
 			if i > 0 {
-				e.part = path[offset:i]
+				n.path = path[offset:i]
 				offset = i
 			}
 
-			child := &muxEntry{
-				entryCase: hasParams,
-				paramsLen: numParams,
+			child := &node{
+				nType:     param,
+				maxParams: numParams,
 			}
-			e.nodes = []*muxEntry{child}
-			e.hasWildNode = true
-			e = child
-			e.precedence++
+			n.children = []*node{child}
+			n.wildChild = true
+			n = child
+			n.priority++
 			numParams--
 
+			// if the path doesn't end with the wildcard, then there
+			// will be another non-wildcard subpath starting with '/'
 			if end < max {
-				e.part = path[offset:end]
+				n.path = path[offset:end]
 				offset = end
 
-				child := &muxEntry{
-					paramsLen:  numParams,
-					precedence: 1,
+				child := &node{
+					maxParams: numParams,
+					priority:  1,
 				}
-				e.nodes = []*muxEntry{child}
-				e = child
+				n.children = []*node{child}
+				n = child
 			}
 
-		} else {
+		} else { // catchAll
 			if end != max || numParams > 1 {
-				return errMuxEntryWildcardInvalidPlace.Format(fullPath)
+				return errors.New("catch-all routes are only allowed at the end of the path in path '" + fullPath + "'")
 			}
 
-			if len(e.part) > 0 && e.part[len(e.part)-1] == '/' {
-				return errMuxEntryWildcardConflictsMiddleware.Format(fullPath)
+			if len(n.path) > 0 && n.path[len(n.path)-1] == '/' {
+				return errors.New("catch-all conflicts with existing handle for the path segment root in path '" + fullPath + "'")
 			}
 
+			// currently fixed width 1 for '/'
 			i--
-			if path[i] != slashByte {
-				return errMuxEntryWildcardMissingSlash.Format(fullPath)
+			if path[i] != '/' {
+				return errors.New("no / before catch-all in path '" + fullPath + "'")
 			}
 
-			e.part = path[offset:i]
+			n.path = path[offset:i]
 
-			child := &muxEntry{
-				hasWildNode: true,
-				entryCase:   matchEverything,
-				paramsLen:   1,
+			// first node: catchAll node with empty path
+			child := &node{
+				wildChild: true,
+				nType:     catchAll,
+				maxParams: 1,
 			}
-			e.nodes = []*muxEntry{child}
-			e.tokens = string(path[i])
-			e = child
-			e.precedence++
+			n.children = []*node{child}
+			n.indices = string(path[i])
+			n = child
+			n.priority++
 
-			child = &muxEntry{
-				part:       path[i:],
-				entryCase:  matchEverything,
-				paramsLen:  1,
-				middleware: middleware,
-				precedence: 1,
+			// second node: node holding the variable
+			child = &node{
+				path:      path[i:],
+				nType:     catchAll,
+				maxParams: 1,
+				handle:    handle,
+				priority:  1,
 			}
-			e.nodes = []*muxEntry{child}
+			n.children = []*node{child}
 
 			return nil
 		}
 	}
 
-	e.part = path[offset:]
-	e.middleware = middleware
-
+	// insert remaining path part and handle to the leaf
+	n.path = path[offset:]
+	n.handle = handle
 	return nil
 }
 
-// get is used by the Router, it finds and returns the correct muxEntry for a path
-func (e *muxEntry) get(path string, ctx *iris.Context) (mustRedirect bool) {
-loop:
+// Returns the handle registered with the given path (key). The values of
+// wildcards are saved to a map.
+// If no handle can be found, a TSR (trailing slash redirect) recommendation is
+// made if a handle exists with an extra (without the) trailing slash for the
+// given path.
+func (n *node) getValue(path string, ctx *iris.Context) (tsr bool) {
+walk: // outer loop for walking the tree
 	for {
-		if len(path) > len(e.part) {
-			if path[:len(e.part)] == e.part {
-				path = path[len(e.part):]
-
-				if !e.hasWildNode {
+		if len(path) > len(n.path) {
+			if path[:len(n.path)] == n.path {
+				path = path[len(n.path):]
+				// If this node does not have a wildcard (param or catchAll)
+				// child,  we can just look up the next child node and continue
+				// to walk down the tree
+				if !n.wildChild {
 					c := path[0]
-					for i := range e.tokens {
-						if c == e.tokens[i] {
-							e = e.nodes[i]
-							continue loop
+					for i := 0; i < len(n.indices); i++ {
+						if c == n.indices[i] {
+							n = n.children[i]
+							continue walk
 						}
 					}
 
-					mustRedirect = (path == slash && e.middleware != nil)
+					// Nothing found.
+					// We can recommend to redirect to the same URL without a
+					// trailing slash if a leaf exists for that path.
+					tsr = (path == "/" && n.handle != nil)
 					return
+
 				}
 
-				e = e.nodes[0]
-				switch e.entryCase {
-				case hasParams:
-
+				// handle wildcard child
+				n = n.children[0]
+				switch n.nType {
+				case param:
+					// find param end (either '/' or path end)
 					end := 0
 					for end < len(path) && path[end] != '/' {
 						end++
 					}
 
-					ctx.Set(e.part[1:], path[:end])
+					// save param value
+					ctx.Set(n.path[1:], path[:end])
 
+					// we need to go deeper!
 					if end < len(path) {
-						if len(e.nodes) > 0 {
+						if len(n.children) > 0 {
 							path = path[end:]
-							e = e.nodes[0]
-							continue loop
+							n = n.children[0]
+							continue walk
 						}
 
-						mustRedirect = (len(path) == end+1)
+						// ... but we can't
+						tsr = (len(path) == end+1)
 						return
 					}
-					if ctx.Middleware = e.middleware; ctx.Middleware != nil {
+
+					if ctx.Middleware = n.handle; ctx.Middleware != nil {
 						return
-					} else if len(e.nodes) == 1 {
-						e = e.nodes[0]
-						mustRedirect = (e.part == slash && e.middleware != nil)
+					} else if len(n.children) == 1 {
+						// No handle found. Check if a handle for this path + a
+						// trailing slash exists for TSR recommendation
+						n = n.children[0]
+						tsr = (n.path == "/" && n.handle != nil)
 					}
 
 					return
 
-				case matchEverything:
+				case catchAll:
+					// save param value
+					ctx.Set(n.path[2:], path)
 
-					ctx.Set(e.part[2:], path)
-					ctx.Middleware = e.middleware
+					ctx.Middleware = n.handle
 					return
 
 				default:
-					return
+					panic("invalid node type")
 				}
 			}
-		} else if path == e.part {
-			if ctx.Middleware = e.middleware; ctx.Middleware != nil {
+		} else if path == n.path {
+			// We should have reached the node containing the handle.
+			// Check if this node has a handle registered.
+			if ctx.Middleware = n.handle; ctx.Middleware != nil {
 				return
 			}
 
-			if path == slash && e.hasWildNode && e.entryCase != isRoot {
-				mustRedirect = true
+			if path == "/" && n.wildChild && n.nType != root {
+				tsr = true
 				return
 			}
 
-			for i := range e.tokens {
-				if e.tokens[i] == slashByte {
-					e = e.nodes[i]
-					mustRedirect = (len(e.part) == 1 && e.middleware != nil) ||
-						(e.entryCase == matchEverything && e.nodes[0].middleware != nil)
+			// No handle found. Check if a handle for this path + a
+			// trailing slash exists for trailing slash recommendation
+			for i := 0; i < len(n.indices); i++ {
+				if n.indices[i] == '/' {
+					n = n.children[i]
+					tsr = (len(n.path) == 1 && n.handle != nil) ||
+						(n.nType == catchAll && n.children[0].handle != nil)
 					return
 				}
 			}
@@ -415,34 +457,29 @@ loop:
 			return
 		}
 
-		mustRedirect = (path == slash) ||
-			(len(e.part) == len(path)+1 && e.part[len(path)] == slashByte &&
-				path == e.part[:len(e.part)-1] && e.middleware != nil)
+		// Nothing found. We can recommend to redirect to the same URL with an
+		// extra trailing slash if a leaf exists for that path
+		tsr = (path == "/") ||
+			(len(n.path) == len(path)+1 && n.path[len(path)] == '/' &&
+				path == n.path[:len(n.path)-1] && n.handle != nil)
 		return
 	}
 }
 
-// precedenceTo just adds the priority of this muxEntry by an index
-func (e *muxEntry) precedenceTo(index int) int {
-	e.nodes[index].precedence++
-	_precedence := e.nodes[index].precedence
-
-	newindex := index
-	for newindex > 0 && e.nodes[newindex-1].precedence < _precedence {
-		tmpN := e.nodes[newindex-1]
-		e.nodes[newindex-1] = e.nodes[newindex]
-		e.nodes[newindex] = tmpN
-
-		newindex--
+// shift bytes in array by n bytes left
+func shiftNRuneBytes(rb [4]byte, n int) [4]byte {
+	switch n {
+	case 0:
+		return rb
+	case 1:
+		return [4]byte{rb[1], rb[2], rb[3], 0}
+	case 2:
+		return [4]byte{rb[2], rb[3]}
+	case 3:
+		return [4]byte{rb[3]}
+	default:
+		return [4]byte{}
 	}
-
-	if newindex != index {
-		e.tokens = e.tokens[:newindex] +
-			e.tokens[index:index+1] +
-			e.tokens[newindex:index] + e.tokens[index+1:]
-	}
-
-	return newindex
 }
 
 type (
@@ -451,7 +488,7 @@ type (
 		// subdomain is empty for default-hostname routes,
 		// ex: mysubdomain.
 		subdomain string
-		entry     *muxEntry
+		entry     *node
 	}
 
 	serveMux struct {
@@ -599,20 +636,20 @@ func New() iris.Policies {
 				tree := mux.getTree(method, subdomain)
 				if tree == nil {
 					//first time we register a route to this method with this domain
-					tree = &muxTree{method: method, subdomain: subdomain, entry: &muxEntry{}}
+					tree = &muxTree{method: method, subdomain: subdomain, entry: &node{}}
 					mux.garden = append(mux.garden, tree)
 				}
 				// I decide that it's better to explicit give subdomain and a path to it than registeredPath(mysubdomain./something) now its: subdomain: mysubdomain., path: /something
 				// we have different tree for each of subdomains, now you can use everything you can use with the normal paths ( before you couldn't set /any/*path)
-				if err := tree.entry.add(path, middleware); err != nil {
+				if err := tree.entry.addRoute(path, middleware); err != nil {
 					// while ProdMode means that the iris should not continue running
 					// by-default it panics on these errors, but to make sure let's introduce the fatalErr to stop visiting
 					fatalErr = true
-					logger(iris.ProdMode, err.Error())
+					logger(iris.ProdMode, Name+" "+err.Error())
 					return
 				}
 
-				if mp := tree.entry.paramsLen; mp > mux.maxParameters {
+				if mp := tree.entry.maxParams; mp > mux.maxParameters {
 					mux.maxParameters = mp
 				}
 
@@ -677,7 +714,7 @@ func (mux *serveMux) buildHandler(pool iris.ContextPool) http.Handler {
 					}
 				}
 
-				mustRedirect := tree.entry.get(routePath, context) // pass the parameters here for 0 allocation
+				mustRedirect := tree.entry.getValue(routePath, context) // pass the parameters here for 0 allocation
 				if context.Middleware != nil {
 					// ok we found the correct route, serve it and exit entirely from here
 					//ctx.Request.Header.SetUserAgentBytes(DefaultUserAgent)

policy_routerwrapper_test.go

@@ -32,10 +32,6 @@ func TestRouterWrapperPolicySimple(t *testing.T) {
 		// w2 -> w1 -> httprouter -> handler
 	)
 
-	app.OnError(StatusNotFound, func(ctx *Context) {
-		ctx.Writef("not found")
-	})
-
 	app.Get("/", func(ctx *Context) {
 		ctx.Write([]byte("OK"))
 	})