iris/core/router/httprouter/node.go

// Copyright 2013 Julien Schmidt. All rights reserved.
// Copyright 2017 Gerasimos Maropoulos, ΓΜ. All rights reserved.
// Use of the below source code is governed by the BSD 3-Clause license.

package httprouter

import (
	"strings"

	"github.com/kataras/iris/context"
	"github.com/kataras/iris/core/errors"
)

func min(a, b int) int {
	if a <= b {
		return a
	}
	return b
}

func countParams(path string) uint8 {
	var n uint
	for i := 0; i < len(path); i++ {
		if path[i] != ':' && path[i] != '*' {
			continue
		}
		n++
	}
	if n >= 255 {
		return 255
	}
	return uint8(n)
}

type nodeType uint8

const (
	static nodeType = iota // default
	root
	param
	catchAll
)

// Node is the default request handler's tree's entry type.
// Examples of its algorithm can be found via googling or via youtube
// search term: trie, tree sort, data structures: tree, reversed tree, sort tree etc...
type Node struct {
	path      string
	wildChild bool
	nType     nodeType
	maxParams uint8
	indices   string
	children  []*Node
	handle    context.Handlers
	priority  uint32
}

// increments priority of the given child and reorders if necessary
func (n *Node) incrementChildPrio(pos int) int {
	n.children[pos].priority++
	prio := n.children[pos].priority

	// adjust position (move to front)
	newPos := pos
	for newPos > 0 && n.children[newPos-1].priority < prio {
		// swap Node positions
		n.children[newPos-1], n.children[newPos] = n.children[newPos], n.children[newPos-1]

		newPos--
	}

	// build new index char string
	if newPos != pos {
		n.indices = n.indices[:newPos] + // unchanged prefix, might be empty
			n.indices[pos:pos+1] + // the index char we move
			n.indices[newPos:pos] + n.indices[pos+1:] // rest without char at 'pos'
	}

	return newPos
}

// AddRoute adds a route with the given handler to the path.
func (n *Node) AddRoute(path string, handle context.Handlers) error {
	fullPath := path
	n.priority++
	numParams := countParams(path)

	// non-empty tree
	if len(n.path) > 0 || len(n.children) > 0 {
	walk:
		for {
			// Update maxParams of the current Node
			if numParams > n.maxParams {
				n.maxParams = numParams
			}

			// Find the longest common prefix.
			// This also implies that the common prefix contains no ':' or '*'
			// since the existing key can't contain those chars.
			i := 0
			max := min(len(path), len(n.path))
			for i < max && path[i] == n.path[i] {
				i++
			}

			// Split edge
			if i < len(n.path) {
				child := Node{
					path:      n.path[i:],
					wildChild: n.wildChild,
					nType:     static,
					indices:   n.indices,
					children:  n.children,
					handle:    n.handle,
					priority:  n.priority - 1,
				}

				// Update maxParams (max of all children)
				for i := range child.children {
					if child.children[i].maxParams > child.maxParams {
						child.maxParams = child.children[i].maxParams
					}
				}

				n.children = []*Node{&child}
				// []byte for proper unicode char conversion, see #65
				n.indices = string([]byte{n.path[i]})
				n.path = path[:i]
				n.handle = nil
				n.wildChild = false
			}

			// Make new Node a child of this Node
			if i < len(path) {
				path = path[i:]

				if n.wildChild {
					n = n.children[0]
					n.priority++

					// Update maxParams of the child Node
					if numParams > n.maxParams {
						n.maxParams = numParams
					}
					numParams--

					// Check if the wildcard matches
					if len(path) >= len(n.path) && n.path == path[:len(n.path)] &&
						// Check for longer wildcard, e.g. :name and :names
						(len(n.path) >= len(path) || path[len(n.path)] == '/') {
						continue walk
					} else {
						// Wildcard conflict
						pathSeg := strings.SplitN(path, "/", 2)[0]
						prefix := fullPath[:strings.Index(fullPath, pathSeg)] + n.path
						return errors.New("'" + pathSeg +
							"' in new path '" + fullPath +
							"' conflicts with existing wildcard '" + n.path +
							"' in existing prefix '" + prefix +
							"'")
					}
				}

				c := path[0]

				// slash after param
				if n.nType == param && c == '/' && len(n.children) == 1 {
					n = n.children[0]
					n.priority++
					continue walk
				}

				// Check if a child with the next path byte exists
				for i := 0; i < len(n.indices); i++ {
					if c == n.indices[i] {
						i = n.incrementChildPrio(i)
						n = n.children[i]
						continue walk
					}
				}

				// Otherwise insert it
				if c != ':' && c != '*' {
					// []byte for proper unicode char conversion, see #65
					n.indices += string([]byte{c})
					child := &Node{
						maxParams: numParams,
					}
					n.children = append(n.children, child)
					n.incrementChildPrio(len(n.indices) - 1)
					n = child
				}
				return n.insertChild(numParams, path, fullPath, handle)

			} else if i == len(path) { // Make Node a (in-path) leaf
				if n.handle != nil {
					return errors.New("a handle is already registered for path '" + fullPath + "'")
				}
				n.handle = handle
			}
			return nil
		}
	} else { // Empty tree
		n.insertChild(numParams, path, fullPath, handle)
		n.nType = root
	}
	return nil
}

func (n *Node) insertChild(numParams uint8, path, fullPath string, handle context.Handlers) error {
	var offset int // already handled bytes of the path

	// find prefix until first wildcard (beginning with ':'' or '*'')
	for i, max := 0, len(path); numParams > 0; i++ {
		c := path[i]
		if c != ':' && c != '*' {
			continue
		}

		// find wildcard end (either '/' or path end)
		end := i + 1
		for end < max && path[end] != '/' {
			switch path[end] {
			// the wildcard name must not contain ':' and '*'
			case ':', '*':
				return errors.New("only one wildcard per path segment is allowed, has: '" +
					path[i:] + "' in path '" + fullPath + "'")
			default:
				end++
			}
		}

		// check if this Node existing children which would be
		// unreachable if we insert the wildcard here
		if len(n.children) > 0 {
			return errors.New("wildcard route '" + path[i:end] +
				"' conflicts with existing children in path '" + fullPath + "'")
		}

		// check if the wildcard has a name
		if end-i < 2 {
			return errors.New("wildcards must be named with a non-empty name in path '" + fullPath + "'")
		}

		if c == ':' { // param
			// split path at the beginning of the wildcard
			if i > 0 {
				n.path = path[offset:i]
				offset = i
			}

			child := &Node{
				nType:     param,
				maxParams: numParams,
			}
			n.children = []*Node{child}
			n.wildChild = true
			n = child
			n.priority++
			numParams--

			// if the path doesn't end with the wildcard, then there
			// will be another non-wildcard subpath starting with '/'
			if end < max {
				n.path = path[offset:end]
				offset = end

				child := &Node{
					maxParams: numParams,
					priority:  1,
				}
				n.children = []*Node{child}
				n = child
			}

		} else { // catchAll
			if end != max || numParams > 1 {
				return errors.New("catch-all routes are only allowed at the end of the path in path '" + fullPath + "'")
			}

			if len(n.path) > 0 && n.path[len(n.path)-1] == '/' {
				return errors.New("catch-all conflicts with existing handle for the path segment root in path '" + fullPath + "'")
			}

			// currently fixed width 1 for '/'
			i--
			if path[i] != '/' {
				return errors.New("no / before catch-all in path '" + fullPath + "'")
			}

			n.path = path[offset:i]

			// first Node: catchAll Node with empty path
			child := &Node{
				wildChild: true,
				nType:     catchAll,
				maxParams: 1,
			}
			n.children = []*Node{child}
			n.indices = string(path[i])
			n = child
			n.priority++

			// second Node: Node holding the variable
			child = &Node{
				path:      path[i:],
				nType:     catchAll,
				maxParams: 1,
				handle:    handle,
				priority:  1,
			}
			n.children = []*Node{child}

			return nil
		}
	}

	// insert remaining path part and handle to the leaf
	n.path = path[offset:]
	n.handle = handle
	return nil
}

// ResolveRoute sets the handlers registered to a given path which is acquiring by ctx.Path().
// The values of
// wildcards are saved to the context's Values.
// If no handle can be found, a TSR (trailing slash redirect) recommendation is
// made if a handle exists with an extra (without the) trailing slash for the
// given context.
//
// ResolveRoute finds the correct registered route from the Node when the ctx.Handlers() > 0.
func (n *Node) ResolveRoute(ctx context.Context) (handlers context.Handlers, p context.RequestParams, tsr bool) { //(p context.RequestParams, tsr bool) {
	path := ctx.Request().URL.Path
	handlers = ctx.Handlers()
	// values := ctx.Values()
	p = ctx.Params()
walk: // outer loop for walking the tree
	for {
		if len(path) > len(n.path) {
			if path[:len(n.path)] == n.path {
				path = path[len(n.path):]
				// If this Node does not have a wildcard (param or catchAll)
				// child,  we can just look up the next child Node and continue
				// to walk down the tree
				if !n.wildChild {
					c := path[0]
					for i := 0; i < len(n.indices); i++ {
						if c == n.indices[i] {
							n = n.children[i]
							continue walk
						}
					}

					// Nothing found.
					// We can recommend to redirect to the same URL without a
					// trailing slash if a leaf exists for that path.
					tsr = (path == "/" && n.handle != nil)
					return

				}

				// handle wildcard child
				n = n.children[0]
				switch n.nType {
				case param:
					// find param end (either '/' or path end)
					end := 0
					for end < len(path) && path[end] != '/' {
						end++
					}

					// save param value
					if cap(p) < int(n.maxParams) {
						p = make(context.RequestParams, 0, n.maxParams)
					}
					i := len(p)
					p = p[:i+1] // expand
					p[i].Key = n.path[1:]
					p[i].Value = path[:end]

					// we need to go deeper!
					if end < len(path) {
						if len(n.children) > 0 {
							path = path[end:]
							n = n.children[0]
							continue walk
						}

						// ... but we can't
						tsr = (len(path) == end+1)
						return
					}

					if handlers = n.handle; handlers != nil {
						return
					} else if len(n.children) == 1 {
						// No handle found. Check if a handle for this path + a
						// trailing slash exists for TSR recommendation
						n = n.children[0]
						tsr = (n.path == "/" && n.handle != nil)
					}

					return

				case catchAll:
					// save param value
					if cap(p) < int(n.maxParams) {
						p = make(context.RequestParams, 0, n.maxParams)
					}
					i := len(p)
					p = p[:i+1] // expand

					p[i].Key = n.path[2:]
					p[i].Value = path
					handlers = n.handle
					return

				default:
					// invalid Node type here
					return
				}
			}
		} else if path == n.path {
			// We should have reached the Node containing the handle.
			// Check if this Node has a handle registered.
			if handlers = n.handle; handlers != nil {
				return
			}

			if path == "/" && n.wildChild && n.nType != root {
				tsr = true
				return
			}

			// No handle found. Check if a handle for this path + a
			// trailing slash exists for trailing slash recommendation
			for i := 0; i < len(n.indices); i++ {
				if n.indices[i] == '/' {
					n = n.children[i]
					tsr = (len(n.path) == 1 && n.handle != nil) ||
						(n.nType == catchAll && n.children[0].handle != nil)
					return
				}
			}

			return
		}

		// Nothing found. We can recommend to redirect to the same URL with an
		// extra trailing slash if a leaf exists for that path
		tsr = (path == "/") ||
			(len(n.path) == len(path)+1 && n.path[len(path)] == '/' &&
				path == n.path[:len(n.path)-1] && n.handle != nil)
		return
	}
}