see https://github.com/kataras/iris/issues/1591#issuecomment-674473247

_examples/routing/subdomains/redirect/multi-instances/main.go

@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ func createRoot(redirectTo string) *iris.Application {
 			fullScheme = "https://"
 		}
 
-		http.Redirect(w, r, fullScheme+redirectTo, iris.StatusMovedPermanently)
+		http.Redirect(w, r, fullScheme+redirectTo+r.URL.RequestURI(), iris.StatusMovedPermanently)
 	})
 
 	return app

cli.go

@@ -115,6 +115,6 @@ func injectLiveReload(contextPool *context.Pool, router *router.Router) (bool, e
 		contextPool.Release(ctx)
 	}
 
-	router.WrapRouter(wrapper)
+	router.AddRouterWrapper(wrapper)
 	return true, nil
 }

core/router/router.go

@@ -24,6 +24,14 @@ type Router struct {
 	requestHandler RequestHandler   // build-accessible, can be changed to define a custom router or proxy, used on RefreshRouter too.
 	mainHandler    http.HandlerFunc // init-accessible
 	wrapperFunc    WrapperFunc
+	// wrappers to be built on BuildRouter state,
+	// first is executed first at this case.
+	// Case:
+	// - SubdomainRedirect on user call, registers a wrapper, on design state
+	// - i18n,if loaded and Subdomain or PathRedirect is true, registers a wrapper too, on build state
+	// the SubdomainRedirect should be the first(subdomainWrap(i18nWrap)) wrapper
+	// to be executed instead of last(i18nWrap(subdomainWrap)).
+	wrapperFuncs []WrapperFunc
 
 	cPool          *context.Pool // used on RefreshRouter
 	routesProvider RoutesProvider
@@ -216,6 +224,14 @@ func (router *Router) BuildRouter(cPool *context.Pool, requestHandler RequestHan
 		}
 	}
 
+	for i := len(router.wrapperFuncs) - 1; i >= 0; i-- {
+		w := router.wrapperFuncs[i]
+		if w == nil {
+			continue
+		}
+		router.WrapRouter(w)
+	}
+
 	if router.wrapperFunc != nil { // if wrapper used then attach that as the router service
 		router.mainHandler = newWrapper(router.wrapperFunc, router.mainHandler).ServeHTTP
 	}
@@ -268,9 +284,35 @@ func (router *Router) Downgraded() bool {
 //
 // Before build.
 func (router *Router) WrapRouter(wrapperFunc WrapperFunc) {
+	// logger := context.DefaultLogger("router wrapper")
+	// file, line := context.HandlerFileLineRel(wrapperFunc)
+	// if router.wrapperFunc != nil {
+	// 	wrappedFile, wrappedLine := context.HandlerFileLineRel(router.wrapperFunc)
+	// 	logger.Infof("%s:%d wraps %s:%d", file, line, wrappedFile, wrappedLine)
+	// } else {
+	// 	logger.Infof("%s:%d wraps the main router", file, line)
+	// }
 	router.wrapperFunc = makeWrapperFunc(router.wrapperFunc, wrapperFunc)
 }
 
+// AddRouterWrapper adds a router wrapper.
+// Unlike `WrapRouter` the first registered will be executed first
+// so a wrapper wraps its next not the previous one.
+// it defers the wrapping until the `BuildRouter`.
+// Redirection wrappers should be added using this method
+// e.g. SubdomainRedirect.
+func (router *Router) AddRouterWrapper(wrapperFunc WrapperFunc) {
+	router.wrapperFuncs = append(router.wrapperFuncs, wrapperFunc)
+}
+
+// PrependRouterWrapper like `AddRouterWrapper` but this wrapperFunc
+// will always be executed before the previous `AddRouterWrapper`.
+// Path form (no modification) wrappers should be added using this method
+// e.g. ForceLowercaseRouting.
+func (router *Router) PrependRouterWrapper(wrapperFunc WrapperFunc) {
+	router.wrapperFuncs = append([]WrapperFunc{wrapperFunc}, router.wrapperFuncs...)
+}
+
 // ServeHTTPC serves the raw context, useful if we have already a context, it by-pass the wrapper.
 func (router *Router) ServeHTTPC(ctx *context.Context) {
 	router.requestHandler.HandleRequest(ctx)

core/router/router_subdomain_redirect_wrapper.go

@@ -1,8 +1,10 @@
 package router
 
 import (
+	"fmt"
 	"net/http"
 	"strings"
+	"text/template"
 
 	"github.com/kataras/iris/v12/context"
 	"github.com/kataras/iris/v12/core/netutil"
@@ -42,7 +44,7 @@ func pathIsWildcard(partyRelPath string) bool {
 //
 // Usage(package-level):
 // sd := NewSubdomainRedirectWrapper(func() string { return "mydomain.com" }, ".", "www.")
-// router.WrapRouter(sd)
+// router.AddRouterWrapper(sd)
 //
 // Usage(high-level using `iris#Application.SubdomainRedirect`)
 // www := app.Subdomain("www")
@@ -56,12 +58,12 @@ func pathIsWildcard(partyRelPath string) bool {
 // One or more subdomain redirect wrappers can be used to the same router instance.
 //
 // NewSubdomainRedirectWrapper may return nil if not allowed input arguments values were received
-// but in that case, the `WrapRouter` will, simply, ignore that wrapper.
+// but in that case, the `AddRouterWrapper` will, simply, ignore that wrapper.
 //
 // Example: https://github.com/kataras/iris/tree/master/_examples/routing/subdomains/redirect
 func NewSubdomainRedirectWrapper(rootDomainGetter func() string, from, to string) WrapperFunc {
 	// we can return nil,
-	// because if wrapper is nil then it's not be used on the `router#WrapRouter`.
+	// because if wrapper is nil then it's not be used on the `router#AddRouterWrapper`.
 	if from == to {
 		// cannot redirect to the same location, cycle.
 		return nil
@@ -109,7 +111,6 @@ func (s *subdomainRedirectWrapper) Wrapper(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Reques
 	// because older browsers may not be able to recognise that status code (the RFC 7538, is not so old)
 	// although note that move is not the same thing as redirect: move reminds a specific address or location moved while
 	// redirect is a new location.
-
 	host := context.GetHost(r)
 	root := s.root()
 	if loopback := netutil.GetLoopbackSubdomain(root); loopback != "" {
@@ -117,7 +118,6 @@ func (s *subdomainRedirectWrapper) Wrapper(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Reques
 	}
 
 	hasSubdomain := host != root
-
 	if !hasSubdomain && !s.isFromRoot {
 		// if the current endpoint is not a subdomain
 		// and the redirect is not configured to be used from root domain to a subdomain.
@@ -142,14 +142,25 @@ func (s *subdomainRedirectWrapper) Wrapper(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Reques
 			resturi := r.URL.RequestURI()
 			if s.isToRoot {
 				// from a specific subdomain or any subdomain to the root domain.
-				http.Redirect(w, r, getFullScheme(r)+root+resturi, http.StatusMovedPermanently)
+				redirectAbsolute(w, r, getFullScheme(r)+root+resturi, http.StatusMovedPermanently)
 				return
 			}
 			// from a specific subdomain or any subdomain to a specific subdomain.
-			http.Redirect(w, r, getFullScheme(r)+s.to+root+resturi, http.StatusMovedPermanently)
+			redirectAbsolute(w, r, getFullScheme(r)+s.to+root+resturi, http.StatusMovedPermanently)
 			return
 		}
 
+		if s.isFromRoot && !s.isFromAny {
+			// Then we must not continue,
+			// the subdomain didn't match the "to" but the from
+			// was the application root itself, which is not a wildcard
+			// so it shouldn't accept any subdomain, we must fire 404 here.
+			// Something like:
+			// http://registered_host_but_not_in_app.your.mydomain.com
+			http.NotFound(w, r)
+			return
+
+		}
 		// the from subdomain is not matched and it's not from root.
 		router(w, r)
 		return
@@ -159,9 +170,30 @@ func (s *subdomainRedirectWrapper) Wrapper(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Reques
 		resturi := r.URL.RequestURI()
 		// we are not inside a subdomain, so we are in the root domain
 		// and the redirect is configured to be used from root domain to a subdomain.
-		http.Redirect(w, r, getFullScheme(r)+s.to+root+resturi, http.StatusMovedPermanently)
+		redirectAbsolute(w, r, getFullScheme(r)+s.to+root+resturi, http.StatusMovedPermanently)
 		return
 	}
 
 	router(w, r)
 }
+
+func redirectAbsolute(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, url string, code int) {
+	h := w.Header()
+
+	// RFC 7231 notes that a short HTML body is usually included in
+	// the response because older user agents may not understand 301/307.
+	// Do it only if the request didn't already have a Content-Type header.
+	_, hadCT := h[context.ContentTypeHeaderKey]
+
+	h.Set("Location", url)
+	if !hadCT && (r.Method == http.MethodGet || r.Method == http.MethodHead) {
+		h.Set(context.ContentTypeHeaderKey, "text/html; charset=utf-8")
+	}
+	w.WriteHeader(code)
+
+	// Shouldn't send the body for POST or HEAD; that leaves GET.
+	if !hadCT && r.Method == "GET" {
+		body := "<a href=\"" + template.HTMLEscapeString(url) + "\">" + http.StatusText(code) + "</a>.\n"
+		fmt.Fprintln(w, body)
+	}
+}

core/router/router_test.go

@@ -1,12 +1,14 @@
 package router_test
 
 import (
+	"io"
 	"net/http"
 	"strings"
 	"testing"
 
 	"github.com/kataras/iris/v12"
 	"github.com/kataras/iris/v12/context"
+	"github.com/kataras/iris/v12/core/router"
 	"github.com/kataras/iris/v12/httptest"
 )
 
@@ -72,3 +74,88 @@ func TestLowercaseRouting(t *testing.T) {
 		e.GET(strings.ToUpper(tt)).Expect().Status(httptest.StatusOK).Body().Equal(s)
 	}
 }
+
+func TestRouterWrapperOrder(t *testing.T) {
+	// last is wrapping the previous.
+
+	// first is executed last.
+	userWrappers := []router.WrapperFunc{
+		func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, main http.HandlerFunc) {
+			io.WriteString(w, "6")
+			main(w, r)
+		},
+		func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, main http.HandlerFunc) {
+			io.WriteString(w, "5")
+			main(w, r)
+		},
+	}
+	// should be executed before userWrappers.
+	redirectionWrappers := []router.WrapperFunc{
+		func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, main http.HandlerFunc) {
+			io.WriteString(w, "3")
+			main(w, r)
+		},
+		func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, main http.HandlerFunc) {
+			io.WriteString(w, "4")
+			main(w, r)
+		},
+	}
+	// should be executed before redirectionWrappers.
+	afterRedirectionWrappers := []router.WrapperFunc{
+		func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, main http.HandlerFunc) {
+			io.WriteString(w, "2")
+			main(w, r)
+		},
+		func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, main http.HandlerFunc) {
+			io.WriteString(w, "1")
+			main(w, r)
+		},
+	}
+
+	testOrder1 := iris.New()
+	for _, w := range userWrappers {
+		testOrder1.WrapRouter(w)
+		// this always wraps the previous one, but it's not accessible after Build state,
+		// the below are simulating the SubdomainRedirect and ForceLowercaseRouting.
+	}
+	for _, w := range redirectionWrappers {
+		testOrder1.AddRouterWrapper(w)
+	}
+	for _, w := range afterRedirectionWrappers {
+		testOrder1.PrependRouterWrapper(w)
+	}
+
+	testOrder2 := iris.New()
+	for _, w := range redirectionWrappers {
+		testOrder2.AddRouterWrapper(w)
+	}
+	for _, w := range userWrappers {
+		testOrder2.WrapRouter(w)
+	}
+	for _, w := range afterRedirectionWrappers {
+		testOrder2.PrependRouterWrapper(w)
+	}
+
+	testOrder3 := iris.New()
+	for _, w := range redirectionWrappers {
+		testOrder3.AddRouterWrapper(w)
+	}
+	for _, w := range afterRedirectionWrappers {
+		testOrder3.PrependRouterWrapper(w)
+	}
+	for _, w := range userWrappers {
+		testOrder3.WrapRouter(w)
+	}
+
+	appTests := []*iris.Application{
+		testOrder1, testOrder2, testOrder3,
+	}
+
+	expectedOrderStr := "123456"
+	for _, app := range appTests {
+		app.Get("/", func(ctx iris.Context) {}) // to not append the not found one.
+
+		e := httptest.New(t, app)
+		e.GET("/").Expect().Status(iris.StatusOK).Body().Equal(expectedOrderStr)
+	}
+}

i18n/i18n.go

@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ func (i *I18n) GetMessage(ctx *context.Context, format string, args ...interface
 }
 
 // Wrapper returns a new router wrapper.
-// The result function can be passed on `Application.WrapRouter`.
+// The result function can be passed on `Application.WrapRouter/AddRouterWrapper`.
 // It compares the path prefix for translated language and
 // local redirects the requested path with the selected (from the path) language to the router.
 //
@@ -417,7 +417,10 @@ func (i *I18n) Wrapper() router.WrapperFunc {
 	}
 	return func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, next http.HandlerFunc) {
 		found := false
-		path := r.URL.Path[1:]
+		path := r.URL.Path
+		if len(path) > 0 && path[0] == '/' {
+			path = path[1:]
+		}
 
 		if idx := strings.IndexByte(path, '/'); idx > 0 {
 			path = path[:idx]
@@ -451,7 +454,6 @@ func (i *I18n) Wrapper() router.WrapperFunc {
 					}
 				}
 			}
-
 		}
 
 		next(w, r)

i18n/loader.go

@@ -172,6 +172,21 @@ func (l MemoryLocalizer) GetLocale(index int) context.Locale {
 	// 	panic(fmt.Sprintf("locale of index [%d] not found", index))
 	// }
 	// return loc
+	/* Note(@kataras): the following is allowed as a language index can be higher
+	than the length of the locale files.
+	if index >= len(l) || index < 0 {
+		// 1. language exists in the caller but was not found in files.
+		// 2. language exists in both files and caller but the actual
+		// languages are two, while the registered are 4 (when missing files),
+		// that happens when Strict option is false.
+		// force to the default language but what is the default language if the language index is greater than this length?
+	 	// That's why it's allowed.
+		index = 0
+	}*/
+
+	if index < 0 {
+		index = 0
+	}
 
 	return l[index]
 }

iris.go

@@ -162,9 +162,7 @@ func (app *Application) WWW() router.Party {
 // Example: https://github.com/kataras/iris/tree/master/_examples/routing/subdomains/redirect
 func (app *Application) SubdomainRedirect(from, to router.Party) router.Party {
 	sd := router.NewSubdomainRedirectWrapper(app.ConfigurationReadOnly().GetVHost, from.GetRelPath(), to.GetRelPath())
-	// TODO: add a debug message here or wait for a response from the issuer
-	// so we can force these to run on build state (last registered, first executed).
-	app.Router.WrapRouter(sd)
+	app.Router.AddRouterWrapper(sd)
 	return to
 }
 
@@ -489,6 +487,7 @@ func (app *Application) Build() error {
 	if app.builded {
 		return nil
 	}
+
 	// start := time.Now()
 	app.builded = true // even if fails.
 
@@ -532,7 +531,7 @@ func (app *Application) Build() error {
 	if app.I18n.Loaded() {
 		// {{ tr "lang" "key" arg1 arg2 }}
 		app.view.AddFunc("tr", app.I18n.Tr)
-		app.Router.WrapRouter(app.I18n.Wrapper())
+		app.Router.AddRouterWrapper(app.I18n.Wrapper())
 	}
 
 	if n := app.view.Len(); n > 0 {
@@ -560,7 +559,10 @@ func (app *Application) Build() error {
 		}
 
 		if app.config.ForceLowercaseRouting {
-			app.Router.WrapRouter(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, next http.HandlerFunc) {
+			// This should always be executed first.
+			app.Router.PrependRouterWrapper(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, next http.HandlerFunc) {
+				r.Host = strings.ToLower(r.Host)
+				r.URL.Host = strings.ToLower(r.URL.Host)
 				r.URL.Path = strings.ToLower(r.URL.Path)
 				next(w, r)
 			})

sessions/config.go

@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ type (
 	// Config is the configuration for sessions. Please read it before using sessions.
 	Config struct {
 		// Logger instance for sessions usage, e.g. { Logger: app.Logger() }.
-		// Defauls to a child of "sessions" of the latest Iris Application's main Logger.
+		// Defaults to a child of "sessions" of the latest Iris Application's main Logger.
 		Logger *golog.Logger
 		// Cookie string, the session's client cookie name, for example: "mysessionid"
 		//