mirror of
https://github.com/kataras/iris.git
synced 2025-01-23 18:51:03 +01:00
9c07ab3f03
Change from using the "Country Code" to "Language code", it's better because there are many languages out there that are spoken in multiple countries. Former-commit-id: 4c4ac4c50c1d31589bc78a745e30593f8e9e7ee3
1058 lines
36 KiB
Markdown
1058 lines
36 KiB
Markdown
# [![Logo created by @santoshanand](logo_white_35_24.png)](https://iris-go.com) Iris
|
||
|
||
[![build status](https://img.shields.io/travis/kataras/iris/master.svg?style=flat-square)](https://travis-ci.org/kataras/iris)[![Backers on Open Collective](https://opencollective.com/iris/backers/badge.svg?style=flat-square)](#backers)[![Sponsors on Open Collective](https://opencollective.com/iris/sponsors/badge.svg?style=flat-square)](#sponsors)[![report card](https://img.shields.io/badge/report%20card-a%2B-ff3333.svg?style=flat-square)](http://goreportcard.com/report/kataras/iris)[![github closed issues](https://img.shields.io/github/issues-closed-raw/kataras/iris.svg?style=flat-square)](https://github.com/kataras/iris/issues?q=is%3Aissue+is%3Aclosed)[![release](https://img.shields.io/github/release/kataras/iris.svg?style=flat-square)](https://github.com/kataras/iris/releases)[![view examples](https://img.shields.io/badge/learn%20by-examples-0077b3.svg?style=flat-square)](https://github.com/kataras/iris/tree/master/_examples)[![chat](https://img.shields.io/badge/community-%20chat-00BCD4.svg?style=flat-square)](https://kataras.rocket.chat/channel/iris)[![CLA assistant](https://cla-assistant.io/readme/badge/kataras/iris?style=flat-square)](https://cla-assistant.io/kataras/iris)
|
||
|
||
<a target='_blank' rel='nofollow' href='https://app.codesponsor.io/link/Qw6E1MTHvUJW6BtwUUf9qwsy/kataras/iris'>
|
||
<img alt='Sponsor' width='888' height='68' src='https://app.codesponsor.io/embed/Qw6E1MTHvUJW6BtwUUf9qwsy/kataras/iris.svg' />
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
Iris是一个超快、简单并且高效的Go语言Web开发框架。
|
||
|
||
Iris功能很强大,使用又很简单,它将会是你下一个网站、API服务或者分布式应用基础框架的不二之选。
|
||
|
||
看看[别人是如何评价Iris](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jGx0LkuUs4A),同时欢迎各位[成为Iris星探](https://github.com/kataras/iris/stargazers),或者关注[Iris facebook主页](https://facebook.com/iris.framework)。
|
||
|
||
[![Iris vs .NET Core(C#) vs Node.js (Express)](https://iris-go.com/images/benchmark-new-gray.png)](_benchmarks)
|
||
|
||
<details>
|
||
<summary>上图是第三发机构发布的REST Web框架的基准测试</summary>
|
||
|
||
![Comparison with other frameworks](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/smallnest/go-web-framework-benchmark/4db507a22c964c9bc9774c5b31afdc199a0fe8b7/benchmark.png)
|
||
|
||
更新于: [2017年9月29,星期五](_benchmarks)_
|
||
</details>
|
||
|
||
## 前言 ♥️
|
||
|
||
在发现Iris之前,我想你一定也看过其它Go Web开发框架。也许你已经摩拳擦掌并马上要使用了,但我会很遗憾的告诉你,将来你还是会使用Iris的。不仅仅因为Iris性能卓越和使用简单,更重要的是Iris独树一帜,他可以让你成为真正的极客界摇滚明星。
|
||
|
||
不管你是想开发微服务或者大型Web应用,Iris都能满足你的需求。Iris可能是你在网上能找到最好的Web后台开发软件之一了。
|
||
|
||
Iris现在已经到第8版了,但是我们从未停止开发。有很多非常棒的功能已经提上开发日程了,而且我们非常乐意加入很多有创意的想法。
|
||
|
||
如果你想用CDN加速,我推荐用[KeyCDN](https://www.keycdn.com/),因为KeyCDN简单、速度快而且稳定。
|
||
|
||
我们用[微软](https://www.microsoft.com)开发的[Visual Studio Code](https://code.visualstudio.com/)来开发Golang应用。
|
||
|
||
如果你之前使用[nodejs](https://nodejs.org)做开发,恭喜你,Iris使用基本和[expressjs](https://github.com/expressjs/express)一样。
|
||
|
||
## 内容列表
|
||
|
||
* [安装](#installation)
|
||
* [最近更新](https://github.com/kataras/iris/blob/master/HISTORY.md#tu-07-november-2017--v857)
|
||
* [快速入门](#getting-started)
|
||
* [进阶](_examples/)
|
||
* [MVC (模型 视图 控制器)](_examples/#mvc) **NEW**
|
||
* [结构](_examples/#structuring) **NEW**
|
||
* [HTTP 监听](_examples/#http-listening)
|
||
* [配置](_examples/#configuration)
|
||
* [路由,分组,动态参数,“宏定义”已经自定义Context](_examples/#routing-grouping-dynamic-path-parameters-macros-and-custom-context)
|
||
* [子域名处理](_examples/#subdomains)
|
||
* [`http.Handler/HandlerFunc` 使用](_examples/#convert-httphandlerhandlerfunc)
|
||
* [视图处理](_examples/#view)
|
||
* [认证](_examples/#authentication)
|
||
* [文件服务器](_examples/#file-server)
|
||
* [如何从`context.Request() *http.Request` 读数据](_examples/#how-to-read-from-contextrequest-httprequest)
|
||
* [如何给`context.ResponseWriter() http.ResponseWriter`写数据](_examples/#how-to-write-to-contextresponsewriter-httpresponsewriter)
|
||
* [测试](_examples/#testing)
|
||
* [缓存](_examples/#caching)
|
||
* [会话](_examples/#sessions)
|
||
* [Websockets](_examples/#websockets)
|
||
* [其它杂项](_examples/#miscellaneous)
|
||
* [将"Parrot"项目转换为Iris实现](https://github.com/iris-contrib/parrot)
|
||
* [Iris和react/hot reloadable/redux/css-modules配合使用](https://github.com/kataras/iris-starter-kit)
|
||
* [Typescript自动化操作工具](typescript/#table-of-contents)
|
||
* [指南: 用Iris和Bolt实现短连接服务](https://medium.com/@kataras/a-url-shortener-service-using-go-iris-and-bolt-4182f0b00ae7)
|
||
* [指南: 如何统计在线访问人数](_examples/tutorial/online-visitors)
|
||
* [指南: Caddy](_examples/tutorial/caddy)
|
||
* [指南: 如何用DropzoneJS上传文件](https://hackernoon.com/how-to-build-a-file-upload-form-using-dropzonejs-and-go-8fb9f258a991)
|
||
* [指南: Iris+MongoDB](https://medium.com/go-language/iris-go-framework-mongodb-552e349eab9c)
|
||
* [中间件](middleware/)
|
||
* [Docker例子](https://github.com/iris-contrib/cloud-native-go)
|
||
* [贡献](CONTRIBUTING.md)
|
||
* [常见问题](FAQ.md)
|
||
* [更新计划?](#now-you-are-ready-to-move-to-the-next-step-and-get-closer-to-becoming-a-pro-gopher)
|
||
* [开发者](#people)
|
||
|
||
## 安装
|
||
|
||
仅仅依赖[Go语言](https://golang.org/dl/)
|
||
|
||
```sh
|
||
$ go get -u github.com/kataras/iris
|
||
```
|
||
Iris使用[vendor](https://docs.google.com/document/d/1Bz5-UB7g2uPBdOx-rw5t9MxJwkfpx90cqG9AFL0JAYo) 包依赖管理方式。vendor包管理的方式可以有效处理包依赖更新问题
|
||
|
||
## 入门
|
||
|
||
```go
|
||
package main
|
||
|
||
import "github.com/kataras/iris"
|
||
|
||
func main() {
|
||
app := iris.New()
|
||
// 从"./views"目录加载HTML模板
|
||
// 模板解析html后缀文件
|
||
// 此方式是用`html/template`标准包(Iris的模板引擎)
|
||
app.RegisterView(iris.HTML("./views", ".html"))
|
||
|
||
// HTTP方法: GET
|
||
// 路径: http://localhost:8080
|
||
app.Get("/", func(ctx iris.Context) {
|
||
// {{.message}} 和 "Hello world!" 字串绑定
|
||
ctx.ViewData("message", "Hello world!")
|
||
// 映射HTML模板文件路径 ./views/hello.html
|
||
ctx.View("hello.html")
|
||
})
|
||
|
||
// HTTP方法: GET
|
||
// 路径: http://localhost:8080/user/42
|
||
//
|
||
// 想在路径中用正则吗?So easy!
|
||
// 如下所示
|
||
// app.Get("/user/{id:string regexp(^[0-9]+$)}")
|
||
app.Get("/user/{id:long}", func(ctx iris.Context) {
|
||
userID, _ := ctx.Params().GetInt64("id")
|
||
ctx.Writef("User ID: %d", userID)
|
||
})
|
||
|
||
// 绑定端口并启动服务.
|
||
app.Run(iris.Addr(":8080"))
|
||
}
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
> 想要了解更多关于路径参数配置,戳[这里](https://github.com/kataras/iris/blob/master/_examples/routing/dynamic-path/main.go#L31).
|
||
|
||
```html
|
||
<!-- file: ./views/hello.html -->
|
||
<html>
|
||
<head>
|
||
<title>Hello Page</title>
|
||
</head>
|
||
<body>
|
||
<h1>{{.message}}</h1>
|
||
</body>
|
||
</html>
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
```sh
|
||
$ go run main.go
|
||
> 在这里监听服务: http://localhost:8080
|
||
> 应用已经启动按键 CTRL+C 停止服务
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
> 想要实现当代码改变后自动重启应用吗?那就装个[rizla](https://github.com/kataras/rizla)工具,启动go文件用 `rizla main.go` 来代替 `go run main.go`。
|
||
|
||
Iris的一些开发约定可以看看这里[_examples/structuring](_examples/#structuring)。
|
||
|
||
### MVC指南
|
||
|
||
```go
|
||
package main
|
||
|
||
import (
|
||
"github.com/kataras/iris"
|
||
"github.com/kataras/iris/mvc"
|
||
)
|
||
|
||
func main() {
|
||
app := iris.New()
|
||
|
||
app.Controller("/helloworld", new(HelloWorldController))
|
||
|
||
app.Run(iris.Addr("localhost:8080"))
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
type HelloWorldController struct {
|
||
mvc.C
|
||
|
||
// [ Your fields here ]
|
||
// Request lifecycle data
|
||
// Models
|
||
// Database
|
||
// Global properties
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
//
|
||
// GET: /helloworld
|
||
|
||
func (c *HelloWorldController) Get() string {
|
||
return "This is my default action..."
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
//
|
||
// GET: /helloworld/{name:string}
|
||
|
||
func (c *HelloWorldController) GetBy(name string) string {
|
||
return "Hello " + name
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
//
|
||
// GET: /helloworld/welcome
|
||
|
||
func (c *HelloWorldController) GetWelcome() (string, int) {
|
||
return "This is the GetWelcome action func...", iris.StatusOK
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
//
|
||
// GET: /helloworld/welcome/{name:string}/{numTimes:int}
|
||
|
||
func (c *HelloWorldController) GetWelcomeBy(name string, numTimes int) {
|
||
// Access to the low-level Context,
|
||
// output arguments are optional of course so we don't have to use them here.
|
||
c.Ctx.Writef("Hello %s, NumTimes is: %d", name, numTimes)
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
```
|
||
> [_examples/mvc](_examples/mvc) 和 [mvc/controller_test.go](https://github.com/kataras/iris/blob/master/mvc/controller_test.go) 两个简单的例子可以让你更好的了解 Iris MVC 的使用方式
|
||
|
||
每一个在controller中导出的Go方法名都和HTTP方法(`Get`, `Post`, `Put`, `Delete`...) 一一对应
|
||
|
||
在Web应用中一个HTTP访问的资源就是一个URL(统一资源定位符),比如`http://localhost:8080/helloworld`是由HTTP协议、Web服务网络位置(包括TCP端口):`localhost:8080`以及资源名称URI(统一资源标志符) `/helloworld`组成的。
|
||
|
||
上面例子第一个方法映射到[HTTP GET](https://www.w3schools.com/tags/ref_httpmethods.asp)方法,访问资源是"/helloworld",第三个方法映射到[HTTP GET](https://www.w3schools.com/tags/ref_httpmethods.asp)方法,访问资源是"/helloworld/welcome"
|
||
|
||
|
||
Controller在处理`GetBy`方法时可以识别路径‘name’参数,`GetWelcomeBy`方法可以识别路径‘name’和‘numTimes’参数,因为Controller在识别`By`关键字后可以动态灵活的处理路由;上面第四个方法指示使用 [HTTP GET](https://www.w3schools.com/tags/ref_httpmethods.asp)方法,而且只处理以"/helloworld/welcome"开头的资源位置路径,并且此路径还得包括两部分,第一部分类型没有限制,第二部分只能是数字类型,比如"http://localhost:8080/helloworld/welcome/golang/32719" 是合法的,其它的就会给客户端返回[404 找不到](https://www.w3.org/Protocols/rfc2616/rfc2616-sec10.html#sec10.4.5)的提示
|
||
|
||
|
||
### MVC 快速指南 2
|
||
|
||
Iris对MVC的支持非常**棒[看看基准测试](_benchmarks)** ,Iris通过方法的返回值,可以给客户端返回任意类型的数据:
|
||
|
||
* 如果返回的是 `string` 类型,就直接给客户端返回字符串
|
||
* 如果第二个返回值是 `string` 类型,那么这个值就是ContentType(HTTP header)的值
|
||
* 如果返回的是 `int` 类型,这个值就是HTTP状态码
|
||
* 如果返回 `error` 值不是空,Iris 将会把这个值作为HTTP 400页面的返回值内容
|
||
* 如果返回 `(int, error)` 类型,并且error不为空,那么Iris返回error的内容,同时把 `int` 值作为HTTP状态码
|
||
* 如果返回 `bool` 类型,并且值是 false ,Iris直接返回404页面
|
||
* 如果返回自定义` struct` 、 `interface{}` 、 `slice` 及 `map` ,Iris 将按照JSON的方式返回,注意如果第二个返回值是 `string`,那么Iris就按照这个 `string` 值的ContentType处理了(不一定是'application/json')
|
||
* 如果 `mvc.Result` 调用了 `Dispatch` 函数, 就会按照自己的逻辑重新处理
|
||
|
||
下面这些例子仅供参考,生产环境谨慎使用
|
||
|
||
```go
|
||
package main
|
||
|
||
import (
|
||
"github.com/kataras/iris"
|
||
"github.com/kataras/iris/middleware/basicauth"
|
||
"github.com/kataras/iris/mvc"
|
||
)
|
||
|
||
// Movie 是自定义数据结构
|
||
type Movie struct {
|
||
Name string `json:"name"`
|
||
Year int `json:"year"`
|
||
Genre string `json:"genre"`
|
||
Poster string `json:"poster"`
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
// movies 对象模拟数据源
|
||
var movies = []Movie{
|
||
{
|
||
Name: "Casablanca",
|
||
Year: 1942,
|
||
Genre: "Romance",
|
||
Poster: "https://iris-go.com/images/examples/mvc-movies/1.jpg",
|
||
},
|
||
{
|
||
Name: "Gone with the Wind",
|
||
Year: 1939,
|
||
Genre: "Romance",
|
||
Poster: "https://iris-go.com/images/examples/mvc-movies/2.jpg",
|
||
},
|
||
{
|
||
Name: "Citizen Kane",
|
||
Year: 1941,
|
||
Genre: "Mystery",
|
||
Poster: "https://iris-go.com/images/examples/mvc-movies/3.jpg",
|
||
},
|
||
{
|
||
Name: "The Wizard of Oz",
|
||
Year: 1939,
|
||
Genre: "Fantasy",
|
||
Poster: "https://iris-go.com/images/examples/mvc-movies/4.jpg",
|
||
},
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
|
||
var basicAuth = basicauth.New(basicauth.Config{
|
||
Users: map[string]string{
|
||
"admin": "password",
|
||
},
|
||
})
|
||
|
||
|
||
func main() {
|
||
app := iris.New()
|
||
|
||
app.Use(basicAuth)
|
||
|
||
app.Controller("/movies", new(MoviesController))
|
||
|
||
app.Run(iris.Addr(":8080"))
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
// MoviesController 是 /movies controller.
|
||
type MoviesController struct {
|
||
mvc.C
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
// 返回 movies列表
|
||
// 例子:
|
||
// curl -i http://localhost:8080/movies
|
||
func (c *MoviesController) Get() []Movie {
|
||
return movies
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
// GetBy 返回一个 movie
|
||
// 例子:
|
||
// curl -i http://localhost:8080/movies/1
|
||
func (c *MoviesController) GetBy(id int) Movie {
|
||
return movies[id]
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
// PutBy 更新一个 movie
|
||
// 例子:
|
||
// curl -i -X PUT -F "genre=Thriller" -F "poster=@/Users/kataras/Downloads/out.gif" http://localhost:8080/movies/1
|
||
func (c *MoviesController) PutBy(id int) Movie {
|
||
// 获取一个 movie
|
||
m := movies[id]
|
||
|
||
// 获取一个poster文件
|
||
file, info, err := c.Ctx.FormFile("poster")
|
||
if err != nil {
|
||
c.Ctx.StatusCode(iris.StatusInternalServerError)
|
||
return Movie{}
|
||
}
|
||
file.Close() // 我们不需要这个文件
|
||
poster := info.Filename // 比如这就是上传的文件url
|
||
genre := c.Ctx.FormValue("genre")
|
||
|
||
// 更新poster
|
||
m.Poster = poster
|
||
m.Genre = genre
|
||
movies[id] = m
|
||
|
||
return m
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
// DeleteBy 删除一个 movie
|
||
// 例子:
|
||
// curl -i -X DELETE -u admin:password http://localhost:8080/movies/1
|
||
func (c *MoviesController) DeleteBy(id int) iris.Map {
|
||
//从movies slice中删除索引
|
||
deleted := movies[id].Name
|
||
movies = append(movies[:id], movies[id+1:]...)
|
||
// 返回删除movie的名称
|
||
return iris.Map{"deleted": deleted}
|
||
}
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
### MVC 快速指南 3
|
||
|
||
Iris是一个底层的Web开发框架,如果你喜欢按 **目录结构** 的约定方式开发,那么Iris框架对此毫无影响。
|
||
|
||
你可以根据自己的需求来创建目录结构,但是我建议你还是最好看看如下的目录结构例子:
|
||
|
||
[![目录结构例子](_examples/mvc/overview/folder_structure.png)](_examples/mvc/overview)
|
||
|
||
好了,直接上代码。
|
||
|
||
|
||
#### 数据模型层
|
||
|
||
```go
|
||
// file: datamodels/movie.go
|
||
|
||
package datamodels
|
||
|
||
// Movie是我们例子数据结构
|
||
// 此Movie可能会定义在类似"web/viewmodels/movie.go"的文件
|
||
// Movie的数据模型在应用中只有一个,这样使用就很简单了
|
||
type Movie struct {
|
||
ID int64 `json:"id"`
|
||
Name string `json:"name"`
|
||
Year int `json:"year"`
|
||
Genre string `json:"genre"`
|
||
Poster string `json:"poster"`
|
||
}
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
#### 数据层 / 数据存储层
|
||
|
||
```go
|
||
// file: datasource/movies.go
|
||
|
||
package datasource
|
||
|
||
import "github.com/kataras/iris/_examples/mvc/overview/datamodels"
|
||
|
||
// Movies是模拟的数据源
|
||
var Movies = map[int64]datamodels.Movie{
|
||
1: {
|
||
ID: 1,
|
||
Name: "Casablanca",
|
||
Year: 1942,
|
||
Genre: "Romance",
|
||
Poster: "https://iris-go.com/images/examples/mvc-movies/1.jpg",
|
||
},
|
||
2: {
|
||
ID: 2,
|
||
Name: "Gone with the Wind",
|
||
Year: 1939,
|
||
Genre: "Romance",
|
||
Poster: "https://iris-go.com/images/examples/mvc-movies/2.jpg",
|
||
},
|
||
3: {
|
||
ID: 3,
|
||
Name: "Citizen Kane",
|
||
Year: 1941,
|
||
Genre: "Mystery",
|
||
Poster: "https://iris-go.com/images/examples/mvc-movies/3.jpg",
|
||
},
|
||
4: {
|
||
ID: 4,
|
||
Name: "The Wizard of Oz",
|
||
Year: 1939,
|
||
Genre: "Fantasy",
|
||
Poster: "https://iris-go.com/images/examples/mvc-movies/4.jpg",
|
||
},
|
||
5: {
|
||
ID: 5,
|
||
Name: "North by Northwest",
|
||
Year: 1959,
|
||
Genre: "Thriller",
|
||
Poster: "https://iris-go.com/images/examples/mvc-movies/5.jpg",
|
||
},
|
||
}
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
#### 数据仓库
|
||
|
||
数据仓库层直接访问数据源
|
||
|
||
```go
|
||
// file: repositories/movie_repository.go
|
||
|
||
package repositories
|
||
|
||
import (
|
||
"errors"
|
||
"sync"
|
||
|
||
"github.com/kataras/iris/_examples/mvc/overview/datamodels"
|
||
)
|
||
|
||
// Query 是数据访问的集合入口
|
||
type Query func(datamodels.Movie) bool
|
||
|
||
// MovieRepository 中会有对movie实体的基本操作
|
||
type MovieRepository interface {
|
||
Exec(query Query, action Query, limit int, mode int) (ok bool)
|
||
|
||
Select(query Query) (movie datamodels.Movie, found bool)
|
||
SelectMany(query Query, limit int) (results []datamodels.Movie)
|
||
|
||
InsertOrUpdate(movie datamodels.Movie) (updatedMovie datamodels.Movie, err error)
|
||
Delete(query Query, limit int) (deleted bool)
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
// NewMovieRepository 返回movie内存数据
|
||
func NewMovieRepository(source map[int64]datamodels.Movie) MovieRepository {
|
||
return &movieMemoryRepository{source: source}
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
// movieMemoryRepository 就是 "MovieRepository",它管理movie的内存数据
|
||
type movieMemoryRepository struct {
|
||
source map[int64]datamodels.Movie
|
||
mu sync.RWMutex
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
const (
|
||
// 只读模式
|
||
ReadOnlyMode = iota
|
||
// 读写模式
|
||
ReadWriteMode
|
||
)
|
||
|
||
func (r *movieMemoryRepository) Exec(query Query, action Query, actionLimit int, mode int) (ok bool) {
|
||
loops := 0
|
||
|
||
if mode == ReadOnlyMode {
|
||
r.mu.RLock()
|
||
defer r.mu.RUnlock()
|
||
} else {
|
||
r.mu.Lock()
|
||
defer r.mu.Unlock()
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
for _, movie := range r.source {
|
||
ok = query(movie)
|
||
if ok {
|
||
if action(movie) {
|
||
loops++
|
||
if actionLimit >= loops {
|
||
break // break
|
||
}
|
||
}
|
||
}
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
return
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
// Select方法返回从模拟数据源找出的一个movie数据。
|
||
// 当找到时就返回true,并停止迭代
|
||
//
|
||
// Select 将会返回查询到的最新找到的movie数据,这样可以减少代码量
|
||
//
|
||
// 自从我第一次想到用这种简单的原型函数后,我就经常用它了,希望这也对你有用
|
||
func (r *movieMemoryRepository) Select(query Query) (movie datamodels.Movie, found bool) {
|
||
found = r.Exec(query, func(m datamodels.Movie) bool {
|
||
movie = m
|
||
return true
|
||
}, 1, ReadOnlyMode)
|
||
|
||
// 如果没有找到就让datamodels.Movie为空
|
||
// set an empty datamodels.Movie if not found at all.
|
||
if !found {
|
||
movie = datamodels.Movie{}
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
return
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
// 如果要查找很多值,用法基本一致,不过会返回datamodels.Movie slice。
|
||
// 如果limit<=0,将返回全部数据
|
||
func (r *movieMemoryRepository) SelectMany(query Query, limit int) (results []datamodels.Movie) {
|
||
r.Exec(query, func(m datamodels.Movie) bool {
|
||
results = append(results, m)
|
||
return true
|
||
}, limit, ReadOnlyMode)
|
||
|
||
return
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
// 插入或更新数据
|
||
//
|
||
// 返回一个新的movie对象和error对象
|
||
func (r *movieMemoryRepository) InsertOrUpdate(movie datamodels.Movie) (datamodels.Movie, error) {
|
||
id := movie.ID
|
||
|
||
if id == 0 { // Create new action
|
||
var lastID int64
|
||
// 为了数据不重复,找到最大的ID。
|
||
// 生产环境你可以用第三方库生成一个UUID字串
|
||
r.mu.RLock()
|
||
for _, item := range r.source {
|
||
if item.ID > lastID {
|
||
lastID = item.ID
|
||
}
|
||
}
|
||
r.mu.RUnlock()
|
||
|
||
id = lastID + 1
|
||
movie.ID = id
|
||
|
||
// map-specific thing
|
||
r.mu.Lock()
|
||
r.source[id] = movie
|
||
r.mu.Unlock()
|
||
|
||
return movie, nil
|
||
}
|
||
//通过movie.ID更新数据
|
||
//这里举个例子看如果更新非空的poster和genre
|
||
//其实我们可以直接更新对象r.source[id] = movie
|
||
//用Select的话如下所示
|
||
current, exists := r.Select(func(m datamodels.Movie) bool {
|
||
return m.ID == id
|
||
})
|
||
|
||
if !exists { // ID不存在,返回error ID
|
||
return datamodels.Movie{}, errors.New("failed to update a nonexistent movie")
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
// 或者直接对象操作替换
|
||
// or comment these and r.source[id] = m for pure replace
|
||
if movie.Poster != "" {
|
||
current.Poster = movie.Poster
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
if movie.Genre != "" {
|
||
current.Genre = movie.Genre
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
// 类map结构的处理
|
||
r.mu.Lock()
|
||
r.source[id] = current
|
||
r.mu.Unlock()
|
||
|
||
return movie, nil
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
func (r *movieMemoryRepository) Delete(query Query, limit int) bool {
|
||
return r.Exec(query, func(m datamodels.Movie) bool {
|
||
delete(r.source, m.ID)
|
||
return true
|
||
}, limit, ReadWriteMode)
|
||
}
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
#### 服务层
|
||
|
||
服务层主要调用“数据仓库”和“数据模型”的方法(即使是数据模型很简单的应用)。这一层将包含主要的数据处理逻辑。
|
||
|
||
|
||
```go
|
||
// file: services/movie_service.go
|
||
|
||
package services
|
||
|
||
import (
|
||
"github.com/kataras/iris/_examples/mvc/overview/datamodels"
|
||
"github.com/kataras/iris/_examples/mvc/overview/repositories"
|
||
)
|
||
|
||
// MovieService主要包括对movie的CRUID(增删改查)操作。
|
||
// MovieService主要调用movie 数据仓库的方法。
|
||
// 下面例子的数据源是更高级别的组件
|
||
// 这样可以用同样的逻辑可以返回不同的数据仓库
|
||
// MovieService是一个接口,任何实现的地方都能用,这样可以替换不同的业务逻辑用来测试
|
||
type MovieService interface {
|
||
GetAll() []datamodels.Movie
|
||
GetByID(id int64) (datamodels.Movie, bool)
|
||
DeleteByID(id int64) bool
|
||
UpdatePosterAndGenreByID(id int64, poster string, genre string) (datamodels.Movie, error)
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
// NewMovieService 返回一个 movie 服务.
|
||
func NewMovieService(repo repositories.MovieRepository) MovieService {
|
||
return &movieService{
|
||
repo: repo,
|
||
}
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
type movieService struct {
|
||
repo repositories.MovieRepository
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
// GetAll 返回所有 movies.
|
||
func (s *movieService) GetAll() []datamodels.Movie {
|
||
return s.repo.SelectMany(func(_ datamodels.Movie) bool {
|
||
return true
|
||
}, -1)
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
// GetByID 是通过id找到movie.
|
||
func (s *movieService) GetByID(id int64) (datamodels.Movie, bool) {
|
||
return s.repo.Select(func(m datamodels.Movie) bool {
|
||
return m.ID == id
|
||
})
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
|
||
// UpdatePosterAndGenreByID 更新一个 movie的 poster 和 genre.
|
||
func (s *movieService) UpdatePosterAndGenreByID(id int64, poster string, genre string) (datamodels.Movie, error) {
|
||
// update the movie and return it.
|
||
return s.repo.InsertOrUpdate(datamodels.Movie{
|
||
ID: id,
|
||
Poster: poster,
|
||
Genre: genre,
|
||
})
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
// DeleteByID 通过id删除一个movie
|
||
//
|
||
// 返回true表示成功,其它都是失败
|
||
func (s *movieService) DeleteByID(id int64) bool {
|
||
return s.repo.Delete(func(m datamodels.Movie) bool {
|
||
return m.ID == id
|
||
}, 1)
|
||
}
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
#### 视图模型
|
||
|
||
视图模型将处理结果返回给客户端
|
||
|
||
例子:
|
||
Example:
|
||
|
||
```go
|
||
import (
|
||
"github.com/kataras/iris/_examples/mvc/overview/datamodels"
|
||
|
||
"github.com/kataras/iris/context"
|
||
)
|
||
|
||
type Movie struct {
|
||
datamodels.Movie
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
func (m Movie) IsValid() bool {
|
||
/* 做一些检测,如果ID合法就返回true */
|
||
return m.ID > 0
|
||
}
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
Iris允许在HTTP Response Dispatcher中使用任何自定义数据结构,
|
||
所以理论上来说,除非万不得已,下面的代码不建议使用
|
||
|
||
```go
|
||
// Dispatch实现了`kataras/iris/mvc#Result`接口。在函数最后发送了一个`Movie`对象作为http response对象。
|
||
// 如果ID小于等于0就回返回404,或者就返回json数据。
|
||
//(这样就像控制器的方法默认返回自定义类型一样)
|
||
//
|
||
// 不要在这里写过多的代码,应用的主要逻辑不在这里
|
||
// 在方法返回之前可以做个简单验证处理等等;
|
||
//
|
||
// 这里只是一个小例子,想想这个优势在设计大型应用是很有作用的
|
||
//
|
||
// 这个方法是在`Movie`类型的控制器调用的。
|
||
// 例子在这里:`controllers/movie_controller.go#GetBy`。
|
||
func (m Movie) Dispatch(ctx context.Context) {
|
||
if !m.IsValid() {
|
||
ctx.NotFound()
|
||
return
|
||
}
|
||
ctx.JSON(m, context.JSON{Indent: " "})
|
||
}
|
||
```
|
||
然而,我们仅仅用"datamodels"作为一个数据模型包,是因为Movie数据结构没有包含敏感数据,客户端可以访问到其所有字段,我们不需要再有额外的功能去做验证处理了
|
||
|
||
|
||
#### 控制器
|
||
|
||
控制器处理Web请求,它是服务层和客户端之间的桥梁
|
||
|
||
```go
|
||
// file: web/controllers/movie_controller.go
|
||
|
||
package controllers
|
||
|
||
import (
|
||
"errors"
|
||
|
||
"github.com/kataras/iris/_examples/mvc/overview/datamodels"
|
||
"github.com/kataras/iris/_examples/mvc/overview/services"
|
||
|
||
"github.com/kataras/iris"
|
||
"github.com/kataras/iris/mvc"
|
||
)
|
||
|
||
// MovieController是/movies的控制器
|
||
type MovieController struct {
|
||
mvc.C
|
||
|
||
// MovieService是一个接口,主app对象会持有它
|
||
Service services.MovieService
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
// 获取movies列表
|
||
// 例子:
|
||
// curl -i http://localhost:8080/movies
|
||
//
|
||
// 如果你有一些敏感的数据要处理的话,可以按照如下所示的方式:
|
||
// func (c *MovieController) Get() (results []viewmodels.Movie) {
|
||
// data := c.Service.GetAll()
|
||
//
|
||
// for _, movie := range data {
|
||
// results = append(results, viewmodels.Movie{movie})
|
||
// }
|
||
// return
|
||
// }
|
||
//否则直接返回数据模型
|
||
func (c *MovieController) Get() (results []datamodels.Movie) {
|
||
return c.Service.GetAll()
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
// GetBy返回一个movie对象
|
||
// 例子:
|
||
// curl -i http://localhost:8080/movies/1
|
||
func (c *MovieController) GetBy(id int64) (movie datamodels.Movie, found bool) {
|
||
return c.Service.GetByID(id) // 404 没有找到
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
// PutBy更新一个movie.
|
||
// 例子:
|
||
// curl -i -X PUT -F "genre=Thriller" -F "poster=@/Users/kataras/Downloads/out.gif" http://localhost:8080/movies/1
|
||
func (c *MovieController) PutBy(id int64) (datamodels.Movie, error) {
|
||
// 从请求中获取poster和genre
|
||
file, info, err := c.Ctx.FormFile("poster")
|
||
if err != nil {
|
||
return datamodels.Movie{}, errors.New("failed due form file 'poster' missing")
|
||
}
|
||
// 关闭文件
|
||
file.Close()
|
||
|
||
//想象这就是一个上传文件的url
|
||
poster := info.Filename
|
||
genre := c.Ctx.FormValue("genre")
|
||
|
||
return c.Service.UpdatePosterAndGenreByID(id, poster, genre)
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
// DeleteBy删除一个movie对象
|
||
// 例子:
|
||
// curl -i -X DELETE -u admin:password http://localhost:8080/movies/1
|
||
func (c *MovieController) DeleteBy(id int64) interface{} {
|
||
wasDel := c.Service.DeleteByID(id)
|
||
if wasDel {
|
||
// 返回要删除的ID
|
||
return iris.Map{"deleted": id}
|
||
}
|
||
//现在我们可以看到这里可以返回一个有2个返回值(map或int)的函数
|
||
//我们并没有指定一个返回的类型
|
||
return iris.StatusBadRequest
|
||
}
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
```go
|
||
// file: web/controllers/hello_controller.go
|
||
|
||
package controllers
|
||
|
||
import (
|
||
"errors"
|
||
|
||
"github.com/kataras/iris/mvc"
|
||
)
|
||
|
||
// HelloController是控制器的例子
|
||
// 下面会处理GET: /hello and GET: /hello/{name}
|
||
type HelloController struct {
|
||
mvc.C
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
var helloView = mvc.View{
|
||
Name: "hello/index.html",
|
||
Data: map[string]interface{}{
|
||
"Title": "Hello Page",
|
||
"MyMessage": "Welcome to my awesome website",
|
||
},
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
// Get会返回预定义绑定数据的视图
|
||
//
|
||
// `mvc.Result`是一个含有`Dispatch`方法的接口
|
||
// `mvc.Response` 和 `mvc.View` dispatchers 内置类型
|
||
// 你也可以通过实现`github.com/kataras/iris/mvc#Result`接口来自定义dispatchers
|
||
func (c *HelloController) Get() mvc.Result {
|
||
return helloView
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
// 你可以定义一个标准通用的error
|
||
var errBadName = errors.New("bad name")
|
||
|
||
//你也可以将error包裹在mvc.Response中,这样就和mvc.Result类型兼容了
|
||
var badName = mvc.Response{Err: errBadName, Code: 400}
|
||
|
||
// GetBy 返回 "Hello {name}" response
|
||
// 例子:
|
||
// curl -i http://localhost:8080/hello/iris
|
||
// curl -i http://localhost:8080/hello/anything
|
||
func (c *HelloController) GetBy(name string) mvc.Result {
|
||
if name != "iris" {
|
||
return badName
|
||
// 或者
|
||
// GetBy(name string) (mvc.Result, error) {
|
||
// return nil, errBadName
|
||
// }
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
// 返回 mvc.Response{Text: "Hello " + name} 或者:
|
||
return mvc.View{
|
||
Name: "hello/name.html",
|
||
Data: name,
|
||
}
|
||
}
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
```go
|
||
// file: web/middleware/basicauth.go
|
||
|
||
package middleware
|
||
|
||
import "github.com/kataras/iris/middleware/basicauth"
|
||
|
||
// BasicAuth 中间件例
|
||
var BasicAuth = basicauth.New(basicauth.Config{
|
||
Users: map[string]string{
|
||
"admin": "password",
|
||
},
|
||
})
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
```html
|
||
<!-- file: web/views/hello/index.html -->
|
||
<html>
|
||
|
||
<head>
|
||
<title>{{.Title}} - My App</title>
|
||
</head>
|
||
|
||
<body>
|
||
<p>{{.MyMessage}}</p>
|
||
</body>
|
||
|
||
</html>
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
```html
|
||
<!-- file: web/views/hello/name.html -->
|
||
<html>
|
||
|
||
<head>
|
||
<title>{{.}}' Portfolio - My App</title>
|
||
</head>
|
||
|
||
<body>
|
||
<h1>Hello {{.}}</h1>
|
||
</body>
|
||
|
||
</html>
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
> 戳[_examples/view](_examples/#view) 可以找到更多关于layouts,tmpl,routing的例子
|
||
|
||
|
||
#### 程序入口
|
||
|
||
程序入口可以将任何组件包含进来
|
||
|
||
```go
|
||
// file: main.go
|
||
|
||
package main
|
||
|
||
import (
|
||
"github.com/kataras/iris/_examples/mvc/overview/datasource"
|
||
"github.com/kataras/iris/_examples/mvc/overview/repositories"
|
||
"github.com/kataras/iris/_examples/mvc/overview/services"
|
||
"github.com/kataras/iris/_examples/mvc/overview/web/controllers"
|
||
"github.com/kataras/iris/_examples/mvc/overview/web/middleware"
|
||
|
||
"github.com/kataras/iris"
|
||
)
|
||
|
||
func main() {
|
||
app := iris.New()
|
||
|
||
// 加载模板文件
|
||
app.RegisterView(iris.HTML("./web/views", ".html"))
|
||
|
||
// 注册控制器
|
||
app.Controller("/hello", new(controllers.HelloController))
|
||
|
||
// 创建movie 数据仓库,次仓库包含的是内存级的数据源
|
||
repo := repositories.NewMovieRepository(datasource.Movies)
|
||
// 创建movie服务, 然后将其与控制器绑定
|
||
movieService := services.NewMovieService(repo)
|
||
|
||
app.Controller("/movies", new(controllers.MovieController),
|
||
// 将"movieService"绑定在 MovieController的Service接口
|
||
movieService,
|
||
// 为/movies请求添加basic authentication(admin:password)中间件
|
||
middleware.BasicAuth)
|
||
|
||
// 启动应用localhost:8080
|
||
// http://localhost:8080/hello
|
||
// http://localhost:8080/hello/iris
|
||
// http://localhost:8080/movies
|
||
// http://localhost:8080/movies/1
|
||
app.Run(
|
||
iris.Addr("localhost:8080"),
|
||
iris.WithoutVersionChecker,
|
||
iris.WithoutServerError(iris.ErrServerClosed),
|
||
iris.WithOptimizations, // 可以启用快速json序列化等优化配置
|
||
)
|
||
}
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
更多指南戳 [_examples/#structuring](_examples/#structuring)
|
||
|
||
## 现在你已经准备好进入下一阶段,又向专家级gopher迈进一步了
|
||
|
||
恭喜你看到这里了,我们为你准备了更高水平的内容,向真正的专家级gopher进军吧😃
|
||
|
||
> 准备好咖啡,尽情享受吧!
|
||
|
||
* [Iris框架+MongoDB](https://medium.com/go-language/iris-go-framework-mongodb-552e349eab9c)
|
||
* [用DropzoneJS 和 Go来构建表单文件上传](https://hackernoon.com/how-to-build-a-file-upload-form-using-dropzonejs-and-go-8fb9f258a991)
|
||
* [用DropzoneJS 和 Go来呈现服务器上的问题](https://hackernoon.com/how-to-display-existing-files-on-server-using-dropzonejs-and-go-53e24b57ba19)
|
||
* [Iris模块化Web开发框架](https://medium.com/@corebreaker/iris-web-cd684b4685c7)
|
||
* [按照 HTTP 性能来比较Go 和 .NET Core](https://medium.com/@kataras/go-vs-net-core-in-terms-of-http-performance-7535a61b67b8)
|
||
* [按照 HTTP 性能来比较Go 和 .NET Core Kestrel](https://hackernoon.com/iris-go-vs-net-core-kestrel-in-terms-of-http-performance-806195dc93d5)
|
||
* [在Android设备上搭建Web服务器](https://twitter.com/ThePracticalDev/status/892022594031017988)
|
||
* [在hasura上部署Iris应用](https://medium.com/@HasuraHQ/deploy-an-iris-golang-app-with-backend-apis-in-minutes-25a559bf530b)
|
||
* [用Iris 和 Bolt实现短连接服务](https://medium.com/@kataras/a-url-shortener-service-using-go-iris-and-bolt-4182f0b00ae7)
|
||
|
||
## 作者
|
||
|
||
Iris的作者是[@kataras](https://github.com/kataras), 你可以通过以下方式来了解作者:
|
||
|
||
* [Medium](https://medium.com/@kataras)
|
||
* [Twitter](https://twitter.com/makismaropoulos)
|
||
* [Dev.to](https://dev.to/@kataras)
|
||
* [Facebook](https://facebook.com/iris.framework)
|
||
* [Mail](mailto:kataras2006@hotmail.com?subject=Iris%20I%20need%20some%20help%20please)
|
||
|
||
[作者](AUTHORS)
|
||
|
||
[贡献者列表](https://github.com/kataras/iris/graphs/contributors)
|
||
|
||
你可以通过[PayPal](https://www.paypal.me/kataras) 或 [BTC](https://iris-go.com/v8/donate)来捐赠这个项目,这样可以促进开发者们创造更棒、更优秀的Iris。
|
||
|
||
[如何贡献代码](CONTRIBUTING.md)
|
||
|
||
### 我们期待你能帮助我们翻译Iris文档
|
||
|
||
Iris需要你的帮助,帮助我们翻译[README](README.md)和https://iris-go.com ,同时你也会得到奖励的。
|
||
|
||
你可以在这里https://github.com/kataras/iris/issues/796 看到详细的有关翻译的信息
|
||
|
||
|
||
### Iris 用户体验反馈 | 2017年10月3号
|
||
|
||
**请放心** Iris用户体验反馈就是一些简单的表单提交,**2分钟**就能搞定。
|
||
|
||
这些表单里有些问题是为了更好的了解你,了解你可以让我们更好的为你服务。
|
||
|
||
https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSdCxZXPANg_xHWil4kVAdhmh7EBBHQZ_4_xSZVDL-oCC_z5pA/viewform?usp=sf_link
|
||
|
||
## 贡献者列表
|
||
|
||
非常感谢所有对Iris的贡献者,没有你们就没有Iris [贡献者](CONTRIBUTING.md)
|
||
<a href="graphs/contributors"><img src="https://opencollective.com/iris/contributors.svg?width=890" /></a>
|
||
|
||
## 资助者
|
||
|
||
万分感谢所有的资助者🙏 [成为资助者](https://opencollective.com/iris#backer)
|
||
|
||
<a href="https://opencollective.com/iris#backers" target="_blank"><img src="https://opencollective.com/iris/backers.svg?width=890"></a>
|
||
|
||
## 赞助商
|
||
|
||
资助Iris,你将是Iris的赞助商,你的logo将会出现在下面的列表中,[成为赞助商](https://opencollective.com/iris#sponsor)
|
||
|
||
<a href="https://opencollective.com/iris/sponsor/0/website" target="_blank"><img src="https://opencollective.com/iris/sponsor/0/avatar.svg"></a>
|
||
<a href="https://opencollective.com/iris/sponsor/1/website" target="_blank"><img src="https://opencollective.com/iris/sponsor/1/avatar.svg"></a>
|
||
<a href="https://opencollective.com/iris/sponsor/2/website" target="_blank"><img src="https://opencollective.com/iris/sponsor/2/avatar.svg"></a>
|
||
<a href="https://opencollective.com/iris/sponsor/3/website" target="_blank"><img src="https://opencollective.com/iris/sponsor/3/avatar.svg"></a>
|
||
<a href="https://opencollective.com/iris/sponsor/4/website" target="_blank"><img src="https://opencollective.com/iris/sponsor/4/avatar.svg"></a>
|
||
<a href="https://opencollective.com/iris/sponsor/5/website" target="_blank"><img src="https://opencollective.com/iris/sponsor/5/avatar.svg"></a>
|
||
<a href="https://opencollective.com/iris/sponsor/6/website" target="_blank"><img src="https://opencollective.com/iris/sponsor/6/avatar.svg"></a>
|
||
<a href="https://opencollective.com/iris/sponsor/7/website" target="_blank"><img src="https://opencollective.com/iris/sponsor/7/avatar.svg"></a>
|
||
<a href="https://opencollective.com/iris/sponsor/8/website" target="_blank"><img src="https://opencollective.com/iris/sponsor/8/avatar.svg"></a>
|
||
<a href="https://opencollective.com/iris/sponsor/9/website" target="_blank"><img src="https://opencollective.com/iris/sponsor/9/avatar.svg"></a>
|
||
|
||
## 开源许可证
|
||
|
||
Iris使用3-Clause BSD [许可证](LICENSE)开源许可 。Iris绝对是100%开源的。
|
||
对这个许可有任何疑问请[联系我们](mailto:kataras2006@hotmail.com?subject=Iris%20License)
|