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示例

请先学习如何使用 net/http

这里包含大部分 iris 网络微框架的简单使用示例

这些示例不一定是最优解，但涵盖了 Iris 的大部分重要功能。

概览

目录结构

Iris 是个底层框架, 对 MVC 模式有很好的支持，但不限制文件夹结构，你可以随意组织你的代码。

如何组织代码取决于你的需求. 我们无法告诉你如何设计程序，但你可以仔细查看下面的示例，也许有些片段可以直接放到你的程序里。

HTTP 监听

配置

路由、路由分组、路径动态参数、路由参数处理宏 、 自定义上下文

  • app.Get("{userid:int min(1)}", myHandler)
  • app.Post("{asset:path}", myHandler)
  • app.Put("{custom:string regexp([a-z]+)}", myHandler)

提示: 不同于其他路由处理, iris 路由可以处理以下各种情况:

// 匹配静态前缀 "/assets/" 的各种请求
app.Get("/assets/{asset:path}", assetsWildcardHandler)

// 只匹配 GET "/"
app.Get("/", indexHandler)
// 只匹配 GET "/about"
app.Get("/about", aboutHandler)

// 匹配前缀为 "/profile/" 的所有 GET 请求
// 接着是其余部分的匹配
app.Get("/profile/{username:string}", userHandler)
// 只匹配 "/profile/me" GET 请求，
// 这和 /profile/{username:string} 
// 或跟通配符 {root:path} 不冲突
app.Get("/profile/me", userHandler)

// Matches all GET requests prefixed with /users/
// and followed by a number which should be equal or bigger than 1
app.Get("/user/{userid:int min(1)}", getUserHandler)
// Matches all requests DELETE prefixed with /users/
// and following by a number which should be equal or bigger than 1
app.Delete("/user/{userid:int min(1)}", deleteUserHandler)

// Matches all GET requests except "/", "/about", anything starts with "/assets/" etc...
// because it does not conflict with the rest of the routes.
app.Get("{root:path}", rootWildcardHandler)

Navigate through examples for a better understanding.

hero (输出的一种高效包装模式)

MVC 模式

Iris has first-class support for the MVC (Model View Controller) pattern, you'll not find these stuff anywhere else in the Go world.

Iris web framework supports Request data, Models, Persistence Data and Binding with the fastest possible execution.

Characteristics

All HTTP Methods are supported, for example if want to serve GET then the controller should have a function named Get(), you can define more than one method function to serve in the same Controller.

Serve custom controller's struct's methods as handlers with custom paths(even with regex parametermized path) via the BeforeActivation custom event callback, per-controller. Example:

import (
    "github.com/kataras/iris"
    "github.com/kataras/iris/mvc"
)

func main() {
    app := iris.New()
    mvc.Configure(app.Party("/root"), myMVC)
    app.Run(iris.Addr(":8080"))
}

func myMVC(app *mvc.Application) {
    // app.Register(...)
    // app.Router.Use/UseGlobal/Done(...)
    app.Handle(new(MyController))
}

type MyController struct {}

func (m *MyController) BeforeActivation(b mvc.BeforeActivation) {
    // b.Dependencies().Add/Remove
    // b.Router().Use/UseGlobal/Done // and any standard API call you already know

    // 1-> Method
    // 2-> Path
    // 3-> The controller's function name to be parsed as handler
    // 4-> Any handlers that should run before the MyCustomHandler
    b.Handle("GET", "/something/{id:long}", "MyCustomHandler", anyMiddleware...)
}

// GET: http://localhost:8080/root
func (m *MyController) Get() string { return "Hey" }

// GET: http://localhost:8080/root/something/{id:long}
func (m *MyController) MyCustomHandler(id int64) string { return "MyCustomHandler says Hey" }

Persistence data inside your Controller struct (share data between requests) by defining services to the Dependencies or have a Singleton controller scope.

Share the dependencies between controllers or register them on a parent MVC Application, and ability to modify dependencies per-controller on the BeforeActivation optional event callback inside a Controller, i.e func(c *MyController) BeforeActivation(b mvc.BeforeActivation) { b.Dependencies().Add/Remove(...) }.

Access to the Context as a controller's field(no manual binding is neede) i.e Ctx iris.Context or via a method's input argument, i.e func(ctx iris.Context, otherArguments...).

Models inside your Controller struct (set-ed at the Method function and rendered by the View). You can return models from a controller's method or set a field in the request lifecycle and return that field to another method, in the same request lifecycle.

Flow as you used to, mvc application has its own Router which is a type of iris/router.Party, the standard iris api. Controllers can be registered to any Party, including Subdomains, the Party's begin and done handlers work as expected.

Optional BeginRequest(ctx) function to perform any initialization before the method execution, useful to call middlewares or when many methods use the same collection of data.

Optional EndRequest(ctx) function to perform any finalization after any method executed.

Inheritance, recursively, see for example our mvc.SessionController, it has the Session *sessions.Session and Manager *sessions.Sessions as embedded fields which are filled by its BeginRequest, here. This is just an example, you could use the sessions.Session which returned from the manager's Start as a dynamic dependency to the MVC Application, i.e mvcApp.Register(sessions.New(sessions.Config{Cookie: "iris_session_id"}).Start).

Access to the dynamic path parameters via the controller's methods' input arguments, no binding is needed. When you use the Iris' default syntax to parse handlers from a controller, you need to suffix the methods with the By word, uppercase is a new sub path. Example:

If mvc.New(app.Party("/user")).Handle(new(user.Controller))

  • func(*Controller) Get() - GET:/user.
  • func(*Controller) Post() - POST:/user.
  • func(*Controller) GetLogin() - GET:/user/login
  • func(*Controller) PostLogin() - POST:/user/login
  • func(*Controller) GetProfileFollowers() - GET:/user/profile/followers
  • func(*Controller) PostProfileFollowers() - POST:/user/profile/followers
  • func(*Controller) GetBy(id int64) - GET:/user/{param:long}
  • func(*Controller) PostBy(id int64) - POST:/user/{param:long}

If mvc.New(app.Party("/profile")).Handle(new(profile.Controller))

  • func(*Controller) GetBy(username string) - GET:/profile/{param:string}

If mvc.New(app.Party("/assets")).Handle(new(file.Controller))

  • func(*Controller) GetByWildard(path string) - GET:/assets/{param:path}

    Supported types for method functions receivers: int, int64, bool and string.

Response via output arguments, optionally, i.e

func(c *ExampleController) Get() string |
                                (string, string) |
                                (string, int) |
                                int |
                                (int, string) |
                                (string, error) |
                                error |
                                (int, error) |
                                (any, bool) |
                                (customStruct, error) |
                                customStruct |
                                (customStruct, int) |
                                (customStruct, string) |
                                mvc.Result or (mvc.Result, error)

where mvc.Result is an interface which contains only that function: Dispatch(ctx iris.Context).

Iris MVC 模式代码复用

By creating components that are independent of one another, developers are able to reuse components quickly and easily in other applications. The same (or similar) view for one application can be refactored for another application with different data because the view is simply handling how the data is being displayed to the user.

If you're new to back-end web development read about the MVC architectural pattern first, a good start is that wikipedia article.

Follow the examples below,

子域名

Convert http.Handler/HandlerFunc

视图

模板引擎 调用声明
template/html iris.HTML(...)
django iris.Django(...)
handlebars iris.Handlebars(...)
amber iris.Amber(...)
pug(jade) iris.Pug(...)

You can serve quicktemplate and hero templates files too, simply by using the context#ResponseWriter, take a look at the http_responsewriter/quicktemplate and http_responsewriter/herotemplate examples.

认证

文件服务器

How to Read from context.Request() *http.Request

The context.Request() returns the same *http.Request you already know, these examples show some places where the Context uses this object. Besides that you can use it as you did before iris.

How to Write to context.ResponseWriter() http.ResponseWriter

The context/context#ResponseWriter() returns an enchament version of a http.ResponseWriter, these examples show some places where the Context uses this object. Besides that you can use it as you did before iris.

ORM

Miscellaneous

Experimental Handlers

More

https://github.com/kataras/iris/tree/master/middleware#third-party-handlers

Automated API Documentation

Testing

The httptest package is your way for end-to-end HTTP testing, it uses the httpexpect library created by our friend, gavv.

Example

Caching

iris cache library lives on its own package.

You're free to use your own favourite caching package if you'd like so.

Sessions

iris session manager lives on its own package.

You're free to use your own favourite sessions package if you'd like so.

Websockets

iris websocket library lives on its own package.

The package is designed to work with raw websockets although its API is similar to the famous socket.io. I have read an article recently and I felt very contented about my decision to design a fast websocket-only package for Iris and not a backwards socket.io-like package. You can read that article by following this link: https://medium.com/@ivanderbyl/why-you-don-t-need-socket-io-6848f1c871cd.

如果你愿意，你可以自由使用你自己喜欢的websockets包。

Typescript 自动化工具

Typescript 自动化工具独立库： https://github.com/kataras/iris/tree/master/typescript 包含相关示例

老兄

进一步学习可通过 godocs 和 https://docs.iris-go.com

不要忘记点赞 star or watch 这个项目会一直跟进最新趋势。