5 Routing context methods

Gerasimos (Makis) Maropoulos edited this page 2020-06-18 09:47:07 +03:00

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Table of Contents

• All Context Methods

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All Context Methods

Here is a full list of methods that the iris.Context provides.

type Context interface {
	// Defer executes a handler on this Context right before the request ends.
	// The `StopExecution` does not effect the execution of this defer handler.
	// The "h" runs before `FireErrorCode` (when response status code is not successful).
	Defer(Handler)

	// ResponseWriter returns an http.ResponseWriter compatible response writer, as expected.
	ResponseWriter() ResponseWriter
	// ResetResponseWriter should change or upgrade the Context's ResponseWriter.
	ResetResponseWriter(ResponseWriter)

	// Request returns the original *http.Request, as expected.
	Request() *http.Request
	// ResetRequest sets the Context's Request,
	// It is useful to store the new request created by a std *http.Request#WithContext() into Iris' Context.
	// Use `ResetRequest` when for some reason you want to make a full
	// override of the *http.Request.
	// Note that: when you just want to change one of each fields you can use the Request() which returns a pointer to Request,
	// so the changes will have affect without a full override.
	// Usage: you use a native http handler which uses the standard "context" package
	// to get values instead of the Iris' Context#Values():
	// r := ctx.Request()
	// stdCtx := context.WithValue(r.Context(), key, val)
	// ctx.ResetRequest(r.WithContext(stdCtx)).
	ResetRequest(r *http.Request)

	// SetCurrentRoutes sets the route internally,
	// See `GetCurrentRoute()` method too.
	// It's being initialized by the Router.
	// See `Exec` or `SetHandlers/AddHandler` methods to simulate a request.
	SetCurrentRoute(route RouteReadOnly)
	// GetCurrentRoute returns the current "read-only" route that
	// was registered to this request's path.
	GetCurrentRoute() RouteReadOnly

	// Do calls the SetHandlers(handlers)
	// and executes the first handler,
	// handlers should not be empty.
	//
	// It's used by the router, developers may use that
	// to replace and execute handlers immediately.
	Do(Handlers)

	// AddHandler can add handler(s)
	// to the current request in serve-time,
	// these handlers are not persistenced to the router.
	//
	// Router is calling this function to add the route's handler.
	// If AddHandler called then the handlers will be inserted
	// to the end of the already-defined route's handler.
	AddHandler(...Handler)
	// SetHandlers replaces all handlers with the new.
	SetHandlers(Handlers)
	// Handlers keeps tracking of the current handlers.
	Handlers() Handlers
	// HandlerIndex sets the current index of the
	// current context's handlers chain.
	// If n < 0 or the current handlers length is 0 then it just returns the
	// current handler index without change the current index.
	//
	// Look Handlers(), Next() and StopExecution() too.
	HandlerIndex(n int) (currentIndex int)
	// Proceed is an alternative way to check if a particular handler
	// has been executed and called the `ctx.Next` function inside it.
	// This is useful only when you run a handler inside
	// another handler. It justs checks for before index and the after index.
	//
	// A usecase example is when you want to execute a middleware
	// inside controller's `BeginRequest` that calls the `ctx.Next` inside it.
	// The Controller looks the whole flow (BeginRequest, method handler, EndRequest)
	// as one handler, so `ctx.Next` will not be reflected to the method handler
	// if called from the `BeginRequest`.
	//
	// Although `BeginRequest` should NOT be used to call other handlers,
	// the `BeginRequest` has been introduced to be able to set
	// common data to all method handlers before their execution.
	// Controllers can accept middleware(s) from the MVC's Application's Router as normally.
	//
	// That said let's see an example of `ctx.Proceed`:
	//
	// var authMiddleware = basicauth.New(basicauth.Config{
	// 	Users: map[string]string{
	// 		"admin": "password",
	// 	},
	// })
	//
	// func (c *UsersController) BeginRequest(ctx iris.Context) {
	// 	if !ctx.Proceed(authMiddleware) {
	// 		ctx.StopExecution()
	// 	}
	// }
	// This Get() will be executed in the same handler as `BeginRequest`,
	// internally controller checks for `ctx.StopExecution`.
	// So it will not be fired if BeginRequest called the `StopExecution`.
	// func(c *UsersController) Get() []models.User {
	//	  return c.Service.GetAll()
	//}
	// Alternative way is `!ctx.IsStopped()` if middleware make use of the `ctx.StopExecution()` on failure.
	Proceed(Handler) bool
	// HandlerName returns the current handler's name, helpful for debugging.
	HandlerName() string
	// HandlerFileLine returns the current running handler's function source file and line information.
	// Useful mostly when debugging.
	HandlerFileLine() (file string, line int)
	// RouteName returns the route name that this handler is running on.
	// Note that it will return empty on not found handlers.
	RouteName() string
	// Next calls all the next handler from the handlers chain,
	// it should be used inside a middleware.
	//
	// Note: Custom context should override this method in order to be able to pass its own context.Context implementation.
	Next()
	// NextOr checks if chain has a next handler, if so then it executes it
	// otherwise it sets a new chain assigned to this Context based on the given handler(s)
	// and executes its first handler.
	//
	// Returns true if next handler exists and executed, otherwise false.
	//
	// Note that if no next handler found and handlers are missing then
	// it sends a Status Not Found (404) to the client and it stops the execution.
	NextOr(handlers ...Handler) bool
	// NextOrNotFound checks if chain has a next handler, if so then it executes it
	// otherwise it sends a Status Not Found (404) to the client and stops the execution.
	//
	// Returns true if next handler exists and executed, otherwise false.
	NextOrNotFound() bool
	// NextHandler returns (it doesn't execute) the next handler from the handlers chain.
	//
	// Use .Skip() to skip this handler if needed to execute the next of this returning handler.
	NextHandler() Handler
	// Skip skips/ignores the next handler from the handlers chain,
	// it should be used inside a middleware.
	Skip()
	// StopExecution stops the handlers chain of this request.
	// Meaning that any following `Next` calls are ignored,
	// as a result the next handlers in the chain will not be fire.
	StopExecution()
	// IsStopped reports whether the current position of the context's handlers is -1,
	// means that the StopExecution() was called at least once.
	IsStopped() bool
	// StopWithStatus stops the handlers chain and writes the "statusCode".
	//
	// If the status code is a failure one then
	// it will also fire the specified error code handler.
	StopWithStatus(statusCode int)
	// StopWithText stops the handlers chain and writes the "statusCode"
	// among with a message "plainText".
	//
	// If the status code is a failure one then
	// it will also fire the specified error code handler.
	StopWithText(statusCode int, plainText string)
	// StopWithError stops the handlers chain and writes the "statusCode"
	// among with the error "err".
	//
	// If the status code is a failure one then
	// it will also fire the specified error code handler.
	StopWithError(statusCode int, err error)
	// StopWithJSON stops the handlers chain, writes the status code
	// and sends a JSON response.
	//
	// If the status code is a failure one then
	// it will also fire the specified error code handler.
	StopWithJSON(statusCode int, jsonObject interface{})
	// StopWithProblem stops the handlers chain, writes the status code
	// and sends an application/problem+json response.
	// See `iris.NewProblem` to build a "problem" value correctly.
	//
	// If the status code is a failure one then
	// it will also fire the specified error code handler.
	StopWithProblem(statusCode int, problem Problem)

	// OnConnectionClose registers the "cb" function which will fire (on its own goroutine, no need to be registered goroutine by the end-dev)
	// when the underlying connection has gone away.
	//
	// This mechanism can be used to cancel long operations on the server
	// if the client has disconnected before the response is ready.
	//
	// It depends on the `http#CloseNotify`.
	// CloseNotify may wait to notify until Request.Body has been
	// fully read.
	//
	// After the main Handler has returned, there is no guarantee
	// that the channel receives a value.
	//
	// Finally, it reports whether the protocol supports pipelines (HTTP/1.1 with pipelines disabled is not supported).
	// The "cb" will not fire for sure if the output value is false.
	//
	// Note that you can register only one callback for the entire request handler chain/per route.
	//
	// Look the `ResponseWriter#CloseNotifier` for more.
	OnConnectionClose(fnGoroutine func()) bool
	// OnClose registers the callback function "cb" to the underline connection closing event using the `Context#OnConnectionClose`
	// and also in the end of the request handler using the `ResponseWriter#SetBeforeFlush`.
	// Note that you can register only one callback for the entire request handler chain/per route.
	// Note that the "cb" will only be called once.
	//
	// Look the `Context#OnConnectionClose` and `ResponseWriter#SetBeforeFlush` for more.
	OnClose(cb func())

	//  +------------------------------------------------------------+
	//  | Current "user/request" storage                             |
	//  | and share information between the handlers - Values().     |
	//  | Save and get named path parameters - Params()              |
	//  +------------------------------------------------------------+

	// Params returns the current url's named parameters key-value storage.
	// Named path parameters are being saved here.
	// This storage, as the whole Context, is per-request lifetime.
	Params() *RequestParams

	// Values returns the current "user" storage.
	// Named path parameters and any optional data can be saved here.
	// This storage, as the whole Context, is per-request lifetime.
	//
	// You can use this function to Set and Get local values
	// that can be used to share information between handlers and middleware.
	Values() *memstore.Store

	//  +------------------------------------------------------------+
	//  | Path, Host, Subdomain, IP, Headers, Localization etc...    |
	//  +------------------------------------------------------------+

	// Method returns the request.Method, the client's http method to the server.
	Method() string
	// Path returns the full request path,
	// escaped if EnablePathEscape config field is true.
	Path() string
	// RequestPath returns the full request path,
	// based on the 'escape'.
	RequestPath(escape bool) string
	// Host returns the host part of the current url.
	// This method makes use of the `Configuration.HostProxyHeaders` field too.
	Host() string
	// Subdomain returns the subdomain of this request, if any.
	// Note that this is a fast method which does not cover all cases.
	Subdomain() (subdomain string)
	// FindClosest returns a list of "n" paths close to
	// this request based on subdomain and request path.
	//
	// Order may change.
	// Example: https://github.com/kataras/iris/tree/master/_examples/routing/intelligence/manual
	FindClosest(n int) []string
	// IsWWW returns true if the current subdomain (if any) is www.
	IsWWW() bool
	// FullRqeuestURI returns the full URI,
	// including the scheme, the host and the relative requested path/resource.
	FullRequestURI() string
	// RemoteAddr tries to parse and return the real client's request IP.
	//
	// Based on allowed headers names that can be modified from Configuration.RemoteAddrHeaders.
	//
	// If parse based on these headers fail then it will return the Request's `RemoteAddr` field
	// which is filled by the server before the HTTP handler.
	//
	// Look `Configuration.RemoteAddrHeaders`,
	//      `Configuration.WithRemoteAddrHeader(...)`,
	//      `Configuration.WithoutRemoteAddrHeader(...)`and
	//      `Configuration.RemoteAddrPrivateSubnets` for more.
	RemoteAddr() string
	// GetHeader returns the request header's value based on its name.
	GetHeader(name string) string
	// GetDomain resolves and returns the server's domain.
	GetDomain() string
	// IsAjax returns true if this request is an 'ajax request'( XMLHttpRequest)
	//
	// There is no a 100% way of knowing that a request was made via Ajax.
	// You should never trust data coming from the client, they can be easily overcome by spoofing.
	//
	// Note that "X-Requested-With" Header can be modified by any client(because of "X-"),
	// so don't rely on IsAjax for really serious stuff,
	// try to find another way of detecting the type(i.e, content type),
	// there are many blogs that describe these problems and provide different kind of solutions,
	// it's always depending on the application you're building,
	// this is the reason why this `IsAjax`` is simple enough for general purpose use.
	//
	// Read more at: https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/AJAX
	// and https://xhr.spec.whatwg.org/
	IsAjax() bool
	// IsMobile checks if client is using a mobile device(phone or tablet) to communicate with this server.
	// If the return value is true that means that the http client using a mobile
	// device to communicate with the server, otherwise false.
	//
	// Keep note that this checks the "User-Agent" request header.
	IsMobile() bool
	// IsScript reports whether a client is a script.
	IsScript() bool
	// IsSSL reports whether the client is running under HTTPS SSL.
	//
	// See `IsHTTP2` too.
	IsSSL() bool
	// IsHTTP2 reports whether the protocol version for incoming request was HTTP/2.
	// The client code always uses either HTTP/1.1 or HTTP/2.
	//
	// See `IsSSL` too.
	IsHTTP2() bool
	// IsGRPC reports whether the request came from a gRPC client.
	IsGRPC() bool
	// GetReferrer extracts and returns the information from the "Referer" (or "Referrer") header
	// and url query parameter as specified in https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTTP/Headers/Referrer-Policy.
	GetReferrer() Referrer
	// SetLanguage force-sets the language for i18n, can be used inside a middleare.
	// It has the highest priority over the rest and if it is empty then it is ignored,
	// if it set to a static string of "default" or to the default language's code
	// then the rest of the language extractors will not be called at all and
	// the default language will be set instead.
	//
	// See `app.I18n.ExtractFunc` for a more organised way of the same feature.
	SetLanguage(langCode string)
	// GetLocale returns the current request's `Locale` found by i18n middleware.
	// See `Tr` too.
	GetLocale() Locale
	// Tr returns a i18n localized message based on format with optional arguments.
	// See `GetLocale` too.
	// Example: https://github.com/kataras/iris/tree/master/_examples/i18n
	Tr(format string, args ...interface{}) string
	// SetVersion force-sets the API Version integrated with the "iris/versioning" subpackage.
	// It can be used inside a middleare.
	SetVersion(constraint string)
	//  +------------------------------------------------------------+
	//  | Headers helpers                                            |
	//  +------------------------------------------------------------+

	// Header adds a header to the response writer.
	Header(name string, value string)

	// ContentType sets the response writer's header key "Content-Type" to the 'cType'.
	ContentType(cType string)
	// GetContentType returns the response writer's header value of "Content-Type"
	// which may, set before with the 'ContentType'.
	GetContentType() string
	// GetContentType returns the request's header value of "Content-Type".
	GetContentTypeRequested() string

	// GetContentLength returns the request's header value of "Content-Length".
	// Returns 0 if header was unable to be found or its value was not a valid number.
	GetContentLength() int64

	// StatusCode sets the status code header to the response.
	// Look .`GetStatusCode` too.
	StatusCode(statusCode int)
	// GetStatusCode returns the current status code of the response.
	// Look `StatusCode` too.
	GetStatusCode() int

	// AbsoluteURI parses the "s" and returns its absolute URI form.
	AbsoluteURI(s string) string
	// Redirect sends a redirect response to the client
	// to a specific url or relative path.
	// accepts 2 parameters string and an optional int
	// first parameter is the url to redirect
	// second parameter is the http status should send,
	// default is 302 (StatusFound),
	// you can set it to 301 (Permant redirect)
	// or 303 (StatusSeeOther) if POST method,
	// or StatusTemporaryRedirect(307) if that's nessecery.
	Redirect(urlToRedirect string, statusHeader ...int)
	//  +------------------------------------------------------------+
	//  | Various Request and Post Data                              |
	//  +------------------------------------------------------------+

	// URLParam returns true if the url parameter exists, otherwise false.
	URLParamExists(name string) bool
	// URLParamDefault returns the get parameter from a request,
	// if not found then "def" is returned.
	URLParamDefault(name string, def string) string
	// URLParam returns the get parameter from a request, if any.
	URLParam(name string) string
	// URLParamTrim returns the url query parameter with trailing white spaces removed from a request.
	URLParamTrim(name string) string
	// URLParamEscape returns the escaped url query parameter from a request.
	URLParamEscape(name string) string
	// URLParamInt returns the url query parameter as int value from a request,
	// returns -1 and an error if parse failed.
	URLParamInt(name string) (int, error)
	// URLParamIntDefault returns the url query parameter as int value from a request,
	// if not found or parse failed then "def" is returned.
	URLParamIntDefault(name string, def int) int
	// URLParamInt32Default returns the url query parameter as int32 value from a request,
	// if not found or parse failed then "def" is returned.
	URLParamInt32Default(name string, def int32) int32
	// URLParamInt64 returns the url query parameter as int64 value from a request,
	// returns -1 and an error if parse failed.
	URLParamInt64(name string) (int64, error)
	// URLParamInt64Default returns the url query parameter as int64 value from a request,
	// if not found or parse failed then "def" is returned.
	URLParamInt64Default(name string, def int64) int64
	// URLParamFloat64 returns the url query parameter as float64 value from a request,
	// returns -1 and an error if parse failed.
	URLParamFloat64(name string) (float64, error)
	// URLParamFloat64Default returns the url query parameter as float64 value from a request,
	// if not found or parse failed then "def" is returned.
	URLParamFloat64Default(name string, def float64) float64
	// URLParamBool returns the url query parameter as boolean value from a request,
	// returns an error if parse failed or not found.
	URLParamBool(name string) (bool, error)
	// URLParams returns a map of GET query parameters separated by comma if more than one
	// it returns an empty map if nothing found.
	URLParams() map[string]string

	// FormValueDefault returns a single parsed form value by its "name",
	// including both the URL field's query parameters and the POST or PUT form data.
	//
	// Returns the "def" if not found.
	FormValueDefault(name string, def string) string
	// FormValue returns a single parsed form value by its "name",
	// including both the URL field's query parameters and the POST or PUT form data.
	FormValue(name string) string
	// FormValues returns the parsed form data, including both the URL
	// field's query parameters and the POST or PUT form data.
	//
	// The default form's memory maximum size is 32MB, it can be changed by the
	// `iris#WithPostMaxMemory` configurator at main configuration passed on `app.Run`'s second argument.
	//
	// NOTE: A check for nil is necessary.
	FormValues() map[string][]string

	// PostValueDefault returns the parsed form data from POST, PATCH,
	// or PUT body parameters based on a "name".
	//
	// If not found then "def" is returned instead.
	PostValueDefault(name string, def string) string
	// PostValue returns the parsed form data from POST, PATCH,
	// or PUT body parameters based on a "name"
	PostValue(name string) string
	// PostValueTrim returns the parsed form data from POST, PATCH,
	// or PUT body parameters based on a "name",  without trailing spaces.
	PostValueTrim(name string) string
	// PostValueInt returns the parsed form data from POST, PATCH,
	// or PUT body parameters based on a "name", as int.
	//
	// If not found returns -1 and a non-nil error.
	PostValueInt(name string) (int, error)
	// PostValueIntDefault returns the parsed form data from POST, PATCH,
	// or PUT body parameters based on a "name", as int.
	//
	// If not found returns or parse errors the "def".
	PostValueIntDefault(name string, def int) int
	// PostValueInt64 returns the parsed form data from POST, PATCH,
	// or PUT body parameters based on a "name", as float64.
	//
	// If not found returns -1 and a no-nil error.
	PostValueInt64(name string) (int64, error)
	// PostValueInt64Default returns the parsed form data from POST, PATCH,
	// or PUT body parameters based on a "name", as int64.
	//
	// If not found or parse errors returns the "def".
	PostValueInt64Default(name string, def int64) int64
	// PostValueFloat64 returns the parsed form data from POST, PATCH,
	// or PUT body parameters based on a "name", as float64.
	//
	// If not found returns -1 and a non-nil error.
	PostValueFloat64(name string) (float64, error)
	// PostValueFloat64Default returns the parsed form data from POST, PATCH,
	// or PUT body parameters based on a "name", as float64.
	//
	// If not found or parse errors returns the "def".
	PostValueFloat64Default(name string, def float64) float64
	// PostValueBool returns the parsed form data from POST, PATCH,
	// or PUT body parameters based on a "name", as bool.
	//
	// If not found or value is false, then it returns false, otherwise true.
	PostValueBool(name string) (bool, error)
	// PostValues returns all the parsed form data from POST, PATCH,
	// or PUT body parameters based on a "name" as a string slice.
	//
	// The default form's memory maximum size is 32MB, it can be changed by the
	// `iris#WithPostMaxMemory` configurator at main configuration passed on `app.Run`'s second argument.
	PostValues(name string) []string
	// FormFile returns the first uploaded file that received from the client.
	//
	// The default form's memory maximum size is 32MB, it can be changed by the
	//  `iris#WithPostMaxMemory` configurator at main configuration passed on `app.Run`'s second argument.
	//
	// Example: https://github.com/kataras/iris/tree/master/_examples/file-server/upload-file
	FormFile(key string) (multipart.File, *multipart.FileHeader, error)
	// UploadFormFiles uploads any received file(s) from the client
	// to the system physical location "destDirectory".
	//
	// The second optional argument "before" gives caller the chance to
	// modify the *miltipart.FileHeader before saving to the disk,
	// it can be used to change a file's name based on the current request,
	// all FileHeader's options can be changed. You can ignore it if
	// you don't need to use this capability before saving a file to the disk.
	//
	// Note that it doesn't check if request body streamed.
	//
	// Returns the copied length as int64 and
	// a not nil error if at least one new file
	// can't be created due to the operating system's permissions or
	// http.ErrMissingFile if no file received.
	//
	// If you want to receive & accept files and manage them manually you can use the `context#FormFile`
	// instead and create a copy function that suits your needs, the below is for generic usage.
	//
	// The default form's memory maximum size is 32MB, it can be changed by the
	//  `iris#WithPostMaxMemory` configurator at main configuration passed on `app.Run`'s second argument.
	//
	// See `FormFile` to a more controlled to receive a file.
	//
	//
	// Example: https://github.com/kataras/iris/tree/master/_examples/file-server/upload-files
	UploadFormFiles(destDirectory string, before ...func(Context, *multipart.FileHeader)) (n int64, err error)

	//  +------------------------------------------------------------+
	//  | Custom HTTP Errors                                         |
	//  +------------------------------------------------------------+

	// NotFound emits an error 404 to the client, using the specific custom error error handler.
	// Note that you may need to call ctx.StopExecution() if you don't want the next handlers
	// to be executed. Next handlers are being executed on iris because you can alt the
	// error code and change it to a more specific one, i.e
	// users := app.Party("/users")
	// users.Done(func(ctx context.Context){ if ctx.StatusCode() == 400 { /*  custom error code for /users */ }})
	NotFound()

	//  +------------------------------------------------------------+
	//  | Body Readers                                               |
	//  +------------------------------------------------------------+

	// SetMaxRequestBodySize sets a limit to the request body size
	// should be called before reading the request body from the client.
	SetMaxRequestBodySize(limitOverBytes int64)

	// GetBody reads and returns the request body.
	// The default behavior for the http request reader is to consume the data readen
	// but you can change that behavior by passing the `WithoutBodyConsumptionOnUnmarshal` iris option.
	//
	// However, whenever you can use the `ctx.Request().Body` instead.
	GetBody() ([]byte, error)
	// UnmarshalBody reads the request's body and binds it to a value or pointer of any type.
	// Examples of usage: context.ReadJSON, context.ReadXML.
	//
	// Example: https://github.com/kataras/iris/blob/master/_examples/request-body/read-custom-via-unmarshaler/main.go
	//
	// UnmarshalBody does not check about gzipped data.
	// Do not rely on compressed data incoming to your server. The main reason is: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zip_bomb
	// However you are still free to read the `ctx.Request().Body io.Reader` manually.
	UnmarshalBody(outPtr interface{}, unmarshaler Unmarshaler) error
	// ReadJSON reads JSON from request's body and binds it to a pointer of a value of any json-valid type.
	//
	// Example: https://github.com/kataras/iris/blob/master/_examples/request-body/read-json/main.go
	ReadJSON(jsonObjectPtr interface{}) error
	// ReadXML reads XML from request's body and binds it to a pointer of a value of any xml-valid type.
	//
	// Example: https://github.com/kataras/iris/blob/master/_examples/request-body/read-xml/main.go
	ReadXML(xmlObjectPtr interface{}) error
	// ReadYAML reads YAML from request's body and binds it to the "outPtr" value.
	//
	// Example: https://github.com/kataras/iris/blob/master/_examples/request-body/read-yaml/main.go
	ReadYAML(outPtr interface{}) error
	// ReadForm binds the request body of a form to the "formObject".
	// It supports any kind of type, including custom structs.
	// It will return nothing if request data are empty.
	// The struct field tag is "form".
	// Note that it will return nil error on empty form data if `Configuration.FireEmptyFormError`
	// is false (as defaulted) in this case the caller should check the pointer to
	// see if something was actually binded.
	//
	// If a client sent an unknown field, this method will return an error,
	// in order to ignore that error use the `err != nil && !iris.IsErrPath(err)`.
	//
	// Example: https://github.com/kataras/iris/blob/master/_examples/request-body/read-form/main.go
	ReadForm(formObject interface{}) error
	// ReadQuery binds url query to "ptr". The struct field tag is "url".
	// If a client sent an unknown field, this method will return an error,
	// in order to ignore that error use the `err != nil && !iris.IsErrPath(err)`.
	//
	// Example: https://github.com/kataras/iris/blob/master/_examples/request-body/read-query/main.go
	ReadQuery(ptr interface{}) error
	// ReadProtobuf binds the body to the "ptr" of a proto Message and returns any error.
	ReadProtobuf(ptr proto.Message) error
	// ReadMsgPack binds the request body of msgpack format to the "ptr" and returns any error.
	ReadMsgPack(ptr interface{}) error
	// ReadBody binds the request body to the "ptr" depending on the HTTP Method and the Request's Content-Type.
	// If a GET method request then it reads from a form (or URL Query), otherwise
	// it tries to match (depending on the request content-type) the data format e.g.
	// JSON, Protobuf, MsgPack, XML, YAML, MultipartForm and binds the result to the "ptr".
	ReadBody(ptr interface{}) error

	//  +------------------------------------------------------------+
	//  | Body (raw) Writers                                         |
	//  +------------------------------------------------------------+

	// Write writes the data to the connection as part of an HTTP reply.
	//
	// If WriteHeader has not yet been called, Write calls
	// WriteHeader(http.StatusOK) before writing the data. If the Header
	// does not contain a Content-Type line, Write adds a Content-Type set
	// to the result of passing the initial 512 bytes of written data to
	// DetectContentType.
	//
	// Depending on the HTTP protocol version and the client, calling
	// Write or WriteHeader may prevent future reads on the
	// Request.Body. For HTTP/1.x requests, handlers should read any
	// needed request body data before writing the response. Once the
	// headers have been flushed (due to either an explicit Flusher.Flush
	// call or writing enough data to trigger a flush), the request body
	// may be unavailable. For HTTP/2 requests, the Go HTTP server permits
	// handlers to continue to read the request body while concurrently
	// writing the response. However, such behavior may not be supported
	// by all HTTP/2 clients. Handlers should read before writing if
	// possible to maximize compatibility.
	Write(body []byte) (int, error)
	// Writef formats according to a format specifier and writes to the response.
	//
	// Returns the number of bytes written and any write error encountered.
	Writef(format string, args ...interface{}) (int, error)
	// WriteString writes a simple string to the response.
	//
	// Returns the number of bytes written and any write error encountered.
	WriteString(body string) (int, error)

	// SetLastModified sets the "Last-Modified" based on the "modtime" input.
	// If "modtime" is zero then it does nothing.
	//
	// It's mostly internally on core/router and context packages.
	//
	// Note that modtime.UTC() is being used instead of just modtime, so
	// you don't have to know the internals in order to make that works.
	SetLastModified(modtime time.Time)
	// CheckIfModifiedSince checks if the response is modified since the "modtime".
	// Note that it has nothing to do with server-side caching.
	// It does those checks by checking if the "If-Modified-Since" request header
	// sent by client or a previous server response header
	// (e.g with WriteWithExpiration or HandleDir or Favicon etc.)
	// is a valid one and it's before the "modtime".
	//
	// A check for !modtime && err == nil is necessary to make sure that
	// it's not modified since, because it may return false but without even
	// had the chance to check the client-side (request) header due to some errors,
	// like the HTTP Method is not "GET" or "HEAD" or if the "modtime" is zero
	// or if parsing time from the header failed.
	//
	// It's mostly used internally, e.g. `context#WriteWithExpiration`. See `ErrPreconditionFailed` too.
	//
	// Note that modtime.UTC() is being used instead of just modtime, so
	// you don't have to know the internals in order to make that works.
	CheckIfModifiedSince(modtime time.Time) (bool, error)
	// WriteNotModified sends a 304 "Not Modified" status code to the client,
	// it makes sure that the content type, the content length headers
	// and any "ETag" are removed before the response sent.
	//
	// It's mostly used internally on core/router/fs.go and context methods.
	WriteNotModified()
	// WriteWithExpiration works like `Write` but it will check if a resource is modified,
	// based on the "modtime" input argument,
	// otherwise sends a 304 status code in order to let the client-side render the cached content.
	WriteWithExpiration(body []byte, modtime time.Time) (int, error)
	// StreamWriter registers the given stream writer for populating
	// response body.
	//
	// Access to context's and/or its' members is forbidden from writer.
	//
	// This function may be used in the following cases:
	//
	//     * if response body is too big (more than iris.LimitRequestBodySize(if set)).
	//     * if response body is streamed from slow external sources.
	//     * if response body must be streamed to the client in chunks.
	//     (aka `http server push`).
	//
	// receives a function which receives the response writer
	// and returns false when it should stop writing, otherwise true in order to continue
	StreamWriter(writer func(w io.Writer) bool)

	//  +------------------------------------------------------------+
	//  | Body Writers with compression                              |
	//  +------------------------------------------------------------+
	// ClientSupportsGzip retruns true if the client supports gzip compression.
	ClientSupportsGzip() bool
	// WriteGzip accepts bytes, which are compressed to gzip format and sent to the client.
	// returns the number of bytes written and an error ( if the client doesn' supports gzip compression)
	// You may re-use this function in the same handler
	// to write more data many times without any troubles.
	WriteGzip(b []byte) (int, error)
	// TryWriteGzip accepts bytes, which are compressed to gzip format and sent to the client.
	// If client does not supprots gzip then the contents are written as they are, uncompressed.
	TryWriteGzip(b []byte) (int, error)
	// GzipResponseWriter converts the current response writer into a response writer
	// which when its .Write called it compress the data to gzip and writes them to the client.
	//
	// Can be also disabled with its .Disable and .ResetBody to rollback to the usual response writer.
	GzipResponseWriter() *GzipResponseWriter
	// Gzip enables or disables (if enabled before) the gzip response writer,if the client
	// supports gzip compression, so the following response data will
	// be sent as compressed gzip data to the client.
	Gzip(enable bool)
	// GzipReader accepts a boolean, which, if set to true
	// it wraps the request body reader with a gzip reader one (decompress request data on read).
	// If the "enable" input argument is false then the request body will reset to the default one.
	//
	// Useful when incoming request data are gzip compressed.
	// All future calls of `ctx.GetBody/ReadXXX/UnmarshalBody` methods will respect this option.
	//
	// Usage:
	// app.Use(func(ctx iris.Context){
	// 	ctx.GzipReader(true)
	// 	ctx.Next()
	// })
	//
	// If a client request's body is not gzip compressed then
	// it returns with a `ErrGzipNotSupported` error, which can be safety ignored.
	//
	// See `GzipReader` package-level middleware too.
	GzipReader(enable bool) error

	//  +------------------------------------------------------------+
	//  | Rich Body Content Writers/Renderers                        |
	//  +------------------------------------------------------------+

	// ViewLayout sets the "layout" option if and when .View
	// is being called afterwards, in the same request.
	// Useful when need to set or/and change a layout based on the previous handlers in the chain.
	//
	// Note that the 'layoutTmplFile' argument can be set to iris.NoLayout || view.NoLayout
	// to disable the layout for a specific view render action,
	// it disables the engine's configuration's layout property.
	//
	// Look .ViewData and .View too.
	//
	// Example: https://github.com/kataras/iris/tree/master/_examples/view/context-view-data/
	ViewLayout(layoutTmplFile string)
	// ViewData saves one or more key-value pair in order to be passed if and when .View
	// is being called afterwards, in the same request.
	// Useful when need to set or/and change template data from previous hanadlers in the chain.
	//
	// If .View's "binding" argument is not nil and it's not a type of map
	// then these data are being ignored, binding has the priority, so the main route's handler can still decide.
	// If binding is a map or context.Map then these data are being added to the view data
	// and passed to the template.
	//
	// After .View, the data are not destroyed, in order to be re-used if needed (again, in the same request as everything else),
	// to clear the view data, developers can call:
	// ctx.Set(ctx.Application().ConfigurationReadOnly().GetViewDataContextKey(), nil)
	//
	// If 'key' is empty then the value is added as it's (struct or map) and developer is unable to add other value.
	//
	// Look .ViewLayout and .View too.
	//
	// Example: https://github.com/kataras/iris/tree/master/_examples/view/context-view-data/
	ViewData(key string, value interface{})
	// GetViewData returns the values registered by `context#ViewData`.
	// The return value is `map[string]interface{}`, this means that
	// if a custom struct registered to ViewData then this function
	// will try to parse it to map, if failed then the return value is nil
	// A check for nil is always a good practise if different
	// kind of values or no data are registered via `ViewData`.
	//
	// Similarly to `viewData := ctx.Values().Get("iris.viewData")` or
	// `viewData := ctx.Values().Get(ctx.Application().ConfigurationReadOnly().GetViewDataContextKey())`.
	GetViewData() map[string]interface{}
	// View renders a template based on the registered view engine(s).
	// First argument accepts the filename, relative to the view engine's Directory and Extension,
	// i.e: if directory is "./templates" and want to render the "./templates/users/index.html"
	// then you pass the "users/index.html" as the filename argument.
	//
	// The second optional argument can receive a single "view model"
	// that will be binded to the view template if it's not nil,
	// otherwise it will check for previous view data stored by the `ViewData`
	// even if stored at any previous handler(middleware) for the same request.
	//
	// Look .ViewData` and .ViewLayout too.
	//
	// Examples: https://github.com/kataras/iris/tree/master/_examples/view
	View(filename string, optionalViewModel ...interface{}) error

	// Binary writes out the raw bytes as binary data.
	Binary(data []byte) (int, error)
	// Text writes out a string as plain text.
	Text(format string, args ...interface{}) (int, error)
	// HTML writes out a string as text/html.
	HTML(format string, args ...interface{}) (int, error)
	// JSON marshals the given interface object and writes the JSON response.
	JSON(v interface{}, options ...JSON) (int, error)
	// JSONP marshals the given interface object and writes the JSON response.
	JSONP(v interface{}, options ...JSONP) (int, error)
	// XML marshals the given interface object and writes the XML response.
	// To render maps as XML see the `XMLMap` package-level function.
	XML(v interface{}, options ...XML) (int, error)
	// Problem writes a JSON or XML problem response.
	// Order of Problem fields are not always rendered the same.
	//
	// Behaves exactly like `Context.JSON`
	// but with default ProblemOptions.JSON indent of " " and
	// a response content type of "application/problem+json" instead.
	//
	// Use the options.RenderXML and XML fields to change this behavior and
	// send a response of content type "application/problem+xml" instead.
	//
	// Read more at: https://github.com/kataras/iris/wiki/Routing-error-handlers
	Problem(v interface{}, opts ...ProblemOptions) (int, error)
	// Markdown parses the markdown to html and renders its result to the client.
	Markdown(markdownB []byte, options ...Markdown) (int, error)
	// YAML parses the "v" using the yaml parser and renders its result to the client.
	YAML(v interface{}) (int, error)
	// Protobuf parses the "v" of proto Message and renders its result to the client.
	Protobuf(v proto.Message) (int, error)
	// MsgPack parses the "v" of msgpack format and renders its result to the client.
	MsgPack(v interface{}) (int, error)

	//  +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
	//  | Content Νegotiation                                                   |
	//  | https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTTP/Content_negotiation |                                       |
	//  +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+

	// Negotiation creates once and returns the negotiation builder
	// to build server-side available content for specific mime type(s)
	// and charset(s).
	//
	// See `Negotiate` method too.
	Negotiation() *NegotiationBuilder
	// Negotiate used for serving different representations of a resource at the same URI.
	//
	// The "v" can be a single `N` struct value.
	// The "v" can be any value completes the `ContentSelector` interface.
	// The "v" can be any value completes the `ContentNegotiator` interface.
	// The "v" can be any value of struct(JSON, JSONP, XML, YAML) or
	// string(TEXT, HTML) or []byte(Markdown, Binary) or []byte with any matched mime type.
	//
	// If the "v" is nil, the `Context.Negotitation()` builder's
	// content will be used instead, otherwise "v" overrides builder's content
	// (server mime types are still retrieved by its registered, supported, mime list)
	//
	// Set mime type priorities by `Negotiation().JSON().XML().HTML()...`.
	// Set charset priorities by `Negotiation().Charset(...)`.
	// Set encoding algorithm priorities by `Negotiation().Encoding(...)`.
	// Modify the accepted by
	// `Negotiation().Accept./Override()/.XML().JSON().Charset(...).Encoding(...)...`.
	//
	// It returns `ErrContentNotSupported` when not matched mime type(s).
	//
	// Resources:
	// https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTTP/Content_negotiation
	// https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTTP/Headers/Accept
	// https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTTP/Headers/Accept-Charset
	// https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTTP/Headers/Accept-Encoding
	//
	// Supports the above without quality values.
	//
	// Read more at: https://github.com/kataras/iris/wiki/Content-negotiation
	Negotiate(v interface{}) (int, error)

	//  +------------------------------------------------------------+
	//  | Serve files                                                |
	//  +------------------------------------------------------------+

	// ServeContent replies to the request using the content in the
	// provided ReadSeeker. The main benefit of ServeContent over io.Copy
	// is that it handles Range requests properly, sets the MIME type, and
	// handles If-Match, If-Unmodified-Since, If-None-Match, If-Modified-Since,
	// and If-Range requests.
	//
	// If the response's Content-Type header is not set, ServeContent
	// first tries to deduce the type from name's file extension.
	//
	// The name is otherwise unused; in particular it can be empty and is
	// never sent in the response.
	//
	// If modtime is not the zero time or Unix epoch, ServeContent
	// includes it in a Last-Modified header in the response. If the
	// request includes an If-Modified-Since header, ServeContent uses
	// modtime to decide whether the content needs to be sent at all.
	//
	// The content's Seek method must work: ServeContent uses
	// a seek to the end of the content to determine its size.
	//
	// If the caller has set w's ETag header formatted per RFC 7232, section 2.3,
	// ServeContent uses it to handle requests using If-Match, If-None-Match, or If-Range.
	//
	// Note that *os.File implements the io.ReadSeeker interface.
	// Note that gzip compression can be registered through `ctx.Gzip(true)` or `app.Use(iris.Gzip)`.
	ServeContent(content io.ReadSeeker, filename string, modtime time.Time)
	// ServeContentWithRate same as `ServeContent` but it can throttle the speed of reading
	// and though writing the "content" to the client.
	ServeContentWithRate(content io.ReadSeeker, filename string, modtime time.Time, limit float64, burst int)
	// ServeFile replies to the request with the contents of the named
	// file or directory.
	//
	// If the provided file or directory name is a relative path, it is
	// interpreted relative to the current directory and may ascend to
	// parent directories. If the provided name is constructed from user
	// input, it should be sanitized before calling `ServeFile`.
	//
	// Use it when you want to serve assets like css and javascript files.
	// If client should confirm and save the file use the `SendFile` instead.
	// Note that gzip compression can be registered through `ctx.Gzip(true)` or `app.Use(iris.Gzip)`.
	ServeFile(filename string) error
	// ServeFileWithRate same as `ServeFile` but it can throttle the speed of reading
	// and though writing the file to the client.
	ServeFileWithRate(filename string, limit float64, burst int) error
	// SendFile sends a file as an attachment, that is downloaded and saved locally from client.
	// Note that gzip compression can be registered through `ctx.Gzip(true)` or `app.Use(iris.Gzip)`.
	// Use `ServeFile` if a file should be served as a page asset instead.
	SendFile(filename string, destinationName string) error
	// SendFileWithRate same as `SendFile` but it can throttle the speed of reading
	// and though writing the file to the client.
	SendFileWithRate(src, destName string, limit float64, burst int) error

	//  +------------------------------------------------------------+
	//  | Cookies                                                    |
	//  +------------------------------------------------------------+

	// AddCookieOptions adds cookie options for `SetCookie`,
	// `SetCookieKV, UpsertCookie` and `RemoveCookie` methods
	// for the current request. It can be called from a middleware before
	// cookies sent or received from the next Handler in the chain.
	// See `ClearCookieOptions` too.
	//
	// Available builtin Cookie options are:
	//  * CookieAllowReclaim
	//  * CookieAllowSubdomains
	//  * CookieSecure
	//  * CookieHTTPOnly
	//  * CookieSameSite
	//  * CookiePath
	//  * CookieCleanPath
	//  * CookieExpires
	//  * CookieEncoding
	//
	// Example at: https://github.com/kataras/iris/tree/master/_examples/cookies/securecookie
	AddCookieOptions(options ...CookieOption)
	// ClearCookieOptions clears any previously registered cookie options.
	// See `AddCookieOptions` too.
	ClearCookieOptions()
	// SetCookie adds a cookie.
	// Use of the "options" is not required, they can be used to amend the "cookie".
	//
	// Example: https://github.com/kataras/iris/tree/master/_examples/cookies/basic
	SetCookie(cookie *http.Cookie, options ...CookieOption)
	// UpsertCookie adds a cookie to the response like `SetCookie` does
	// but it will also perform a replacement of the cookie
	// if already set by a previous `SetCookie` call.
	// It reports whether the cookie is new (true) or an existing one was updated (false).
	UpsertCookie(cookie *http.Cookie, options ...CookieOption) bool
	// SetCookieKV adds a cookie, requires the name(string) and the value(string).
	//
	// By default it expires at 2 hours and it's added to the root path,
	// use the `CookieExpires` and `CookiePath` to modify them.
	// Alternatively: ctx.SetCookie(&http.Cookie{...})
	//
	// If you want to set custom the path:
	// ctx.SetCookieKV(name, value, iris.CookiePath("/custom/path/cookie/will/be/stored"))
	//
	// If you want to be visible only to current request path:
	// ctx.SetCookieKV(name, value, iris.CookieCleanPath/iris.CookiePath(""))
	// More:
	//                              iris.CookieExpires(time.Duration)
	//                              iris.CookieHTTPOnly(false)
	//
	// Example: https://github.com/kataras/iris/tree/master/_examples/cookies/basic
	SetCookieKV(name, value string, options ...CookieOption)
	// GetCookie returns cookie's value by its name
	// returns empty string if nothing was found.
	//
	// If you want more than the value then:
	// cookie, err := ctx.Request().Cookie("name")
	//
	// Example: https://github.com/kataras/iris/tree/master/_examples/cookies/basic
	GetCookie(name string, options ...CookieOption) string
	// RemoveCookie deletes a cookie by its name and path = "/".
	// Tip: change the cookie's path to the current one by: RemoveCookie("name", iris.CookieCleanPath)
	//
	// Example: https://github.com/kataras/iris/tree/master/_examples/cookies/basic
	RemoveCookie(name string, options ...CookieOption)
	// VisitAllCookies accepts a visitor function which is called
	// on each (request's) cookies' name and value.
	VisitAllCookies(visitor func(name string, value string))

	// MaxAge returns the "cache-control" request header's value
	// seconds as int64
	// if header not found or parse failed then it returns -1.
	MaxAge() int64

	//  +------------------------------------------------------------+
	//  | Advanced: Response Recorder and Transactions               |
	//  +------------------------------------------------------------+

	// Record transforms the context's basic and direct responseWriter to a ResponseRecorder
	// which can be used to reset the body, reset headers, get the body,
	// get & set the status code at any time and more.
	Record()
	// Recorder returns the context's ResponseRecorder
	// if not recording then it starts recording and returns the new context's ResponseRecorder
	Recorder() *ResponseRecorder
	// IsRecording returns the response recorder and a true value
	// when the response writer is recording the status code, body, headers and so on,
	// else returns nil and false.
	IsRecording() (*ResponseRecorder, bool)

	// BeginTransaction starts a scoped transaction.
	//
	// You can search third-party articles or books on how Business Transaction works (it's quite simple, especially here).
	//
	// Note that this is unique and new
	// (=I haver never seen any other examples or code in Golang on this subject, so far, as with the most of iris features...)
	// it's not covers all paths,
	// such as databases, this should be managed by the libraries you use to make your database connection,
	// this transaction scope is only for context's response.
	// Transactions have their own middleware ecosystem also, look iris.go:UseTransaction.
	//
	// See https://github.com/kataras/iris/tree/master/_examples/ for more
	BeginTransaction(pipe func(t *Transaction))
	// SkipTransactions if called then skip the rest of the transactions
	// or all of them if called before the first transaction
	SkipTransactions()
	// TransactionsSkipped returns true if the transactions skipped or canceled at all.
	TransactionsSkipped() bool

	// Exec calls the `context/Application#ServeCtx`
	// based on this context but with a changed method and path
	// like it was requested by the user, but it is not.
	//
	// Offline means that the route is registered to the iris and have all features that a normal route has
	// BUT it isn't available by browsing, its handlers executed only when other handler's context call them
	// it can validate paths, has sessions, path parameters and all.
	//
	// You can find the Route by app.GetRoute("theRouteName")
	// you can set a route name as: myRoute := app.Get("/mypath", handler)("theRouteName")
	// that will set a name to the route and returns its RouteInfo instance for further usage.
	//
	// It doesn't changes the global state, if a route was "offline" it remains offline.
	//
	// app.None(...) and app.GetRoutes().Offline(route)/.Online(route, method)
	//
	// Example: https://github.com/kataras/iris/tree/master/_examples/routing/route-state
	//
	// User can get the response by simple using rec := ctx.Recorder(); rec.Body()/rec.StatusCode()/rec.Header().
	//
	// Context's Values and the Session are kept in order to be able to communicate via the result route.
	//
	// It's for extreme use cases, 99% of the times will never be useful for you.
	Exec(method, path string)

	// RouteExists reports whether a particular route exists
	// It will search from the current subdomain of context's host, if not inside the root domain.
	RouteExists(method, path string) bool

	// ReflectValue caches and returns a []reflect.Value{reflect.ValueOf(ctx)}.
	// It's just a helper to maintain variable inside the context itself.
	ReflectValue() []reflect.Value
	// Controller returns a reflect Value of the custom Controller from which this handler executed.
	// It will return a Kind() == reflect.Invalid if the handler was not executed from within a controller.
	Controller() reflect.Value
	// RegisterDependency registers a struct dependency at serve-time
	// for the next handler in the chain. One value per type.
	// Note that it's highly recommended to register
	// your dependencies before server ran
	// through APIContainer(app.ConfigureContainer) or MVC(mvc.New)
	// in sake of minimum performance cost.
	//
	// See `UnregisterDependency` too.
	RegisterDependency(v interface{})
	// UnregisterDependency removes a dependency based on its type.
	// Reports whether a dependency with that type was found and removed successfully.
	//
	// See `RegisterDependency` too.
	UnregisterDependency(typ reflect.Type) bool

	// Application returns the iris app instance which belongs to this context.
	// Worth to notice that this function returns an interface
	// of the Application, which contains methods that are safe
	// to be executed at serve-time. The full app's fields
	// and methods are not available here for the developer's safety.
	Application() Application

	// SetID sets an ID, any value, to the Request Context.
	// If possible the "id" should implement a `String() string` method
	// so it can be rendered on `Context.String` method.
	//
	// See `GetID` and `middleware/requestid` too.
	SetID(id interface{})
	// GetID returns the Request Context's ID.
	// It returns nil if not given by a prior `SetID` call.
	// See `middleware/requestid` too.
	GetID() interface{}
	// String returns the string representation of this request.
	//
	// It returns the Context's ID given by a `SetID`call,
	// followed by the client's IP and the method:uri.
	String() string
}

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